Critical ThinkingMoving away from task-based training to enable critical

thinking.

Why Are We Here?

• What’s in this for you• A new perspective to a subject you already know

• Interactive…not a lecture• This is for you

• Take-aways you can actually use• Use everyday examples during the discussions

Short intro…

• Over 20 years in the oil and gas industry• Started as a process operator in refining• Experience as a contractor, shift manager, and project management• HSE Compliance Training Coordinator for plant of 1800 employees• Director of Operations and Compliance Training for US Fortune 75 oil

and gas company• Global organizational and leadership/management consultant • Adjunct professor in Process Technology degree programs• Degree in Psychology, w/focus on Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Oilfield Accident

• oilfield.wmv• What went wrong?• How could it have happen?• Were the workers trained?

What is Critical Thinking

• Definition• “Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and

skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. ”

• Source – The Foundation for Critical Thinking www.criticalthinking.org 2015

• What’s the difference in “knowing how to work the process” versus “knowing how the process works”?

• Which employee would you rather have? Why?

Why Critical Thinking

• Is there a difference between task-based and performance-based training? If so, what is it?

• Is it important to know and understand the difference?

Training Approaches

• Task-Based or Performance-Based?• What’s the difference?

• Instructor-Centered or Learner-Centered?• Is one more important than the other?

• “…how to work the process” versus “…how the process works”? • What’s the difference?

Practical Example – Task-based

• PASS Fire Extinguisher Operating Steps:• Step 1: PULL the pin• Step 2: AIM the nozzle at the base of the fire• Step 3: SQUEEZE the handle• Step 4: SWEEP from side to side

Practical Example – Critical Thinking

• PASS Fire Extinguisher Operation Steps:• Squeeze the handle• Sweep from side to side• Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire• Pull the pin

• Arrange in correct order and explain why

Critical Thinking Exercise

• Distillation Tower Start-up Procedure Steps:• Start Bottoms flow• Start reboiler heat medium flow• Start feed pump and establish flow• Build reflux drum level• Line-up tower overhead vent gas pressure control• Start reflux to tower• Start cooling water flow to overhead condenser• Start overhead product flow• Build tower bottoms level

Critical Thinking Exercise Answers

• Distillation Tower Start-up Procedure Steps:• Step 1: Line-up tower overhead vent gas pressure control• Step 2: Start cooling water flow to overhead condenser• Step 3: Start feed pump and establish feed flow• Step 4: Build tower bottoms level• Step 5: Start reboiler heat medium flow• Step 6: Build reflux drum level• Step 7: Start reflux flow to tower• Step 8: Start bottoms flow• Step 9: Start overhead product flow

What is your current state

• How do you train now?• Is it task-based or performance-based?• If you could, would you change anything? What would it be?

Piper Alpha

• J - piper alpha long.wmv• Make a list of what went wrong• Don’t leave anything out you notice• Be prepared to discuss what you saw

Process Safety Management

• In the early 1990’s, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) developed PSM requirements in response to several catastrophic industry accidents

Process Safety Management (PSM)• PSM is comprised of 14 Elements:

1. Employee Participation2. Process Safety Information3. Process Hazard Analysis4. Operating Procedures5. Training6. Contractors7. Pre-Startup Safety Review8. Mechanical Integrity9. Hot Work Permit10.Management of Change11.Incident Investigation12.Emergency Planning and Response13.Compliance Audits14.Trade Secrets

Critical Thinking application

• How does what you noticed in the video compare to the PSM Elements?

• Is it better to lecture on the PSM Elements or show how and why they came to be?

• Does it make more sense to have a practical application?

Critical Thinking…

• Knowing “How the process works” versus knowing “How to work the process”

• Moving beyond “What, when, where, and how” and understanding the “Why”

• Pro-active, not just dependent on re-active

Practical Application

• Think about a learning effort that could be improved with critical thinking methodology applied to it

• Take some time to think about the steps:• Rationale• Objectives• Methods• Evaluation

• How would you apply critical thinking?

Summary

• What is Critical Thinking• Why is it important• Difference between “How the process works” versus “How to work

the process”• Moving beyond the ‘What, How, and When” to the “WHY”

In closing…

• What?• What did we discuss?

• So What?• Does it matter?• If so, why?

• Now What?• What did you takeaway today?• What is your next step/s?

Thank youKen Jackson

620-262-5089www.kenjacksonandassociates.comken@kenjacksonandassociates.com