Crest High Schoolcarsonag.weebly.com/uploads/3/1/3/4/31340859/hort_1_g… · Web viewIt is a plan that directs chapter activities . ... 1.02 Demonstrate parliamentary procedures

Horticulture 1-M. Harris

Unit A- Leadership, Careers and SAE

1.00 Examine Leadership Opportunities related to the Horticulture Industry

1:01 Discuss the organizations available for horticulture

The FFA Mission

FFA makes a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their

potential for _____________________________________________

__________________________________ through agricultural education.

What is FFA?

…an organization of high school students in agricultural education

students from all 50 states plus ________________________________

__________________________________________________________.

FFA History

1917 – __________________________________________________________

Named after a senator from Georgia.

Provided federal funding for ___________________________________

___________________________________________________________

1920’s Future Farmer Clubs

_______________________________________________ was the first

_______________________________________________

North Carolina

____________________________________________________

1928 – __________________________________________________________

FFA was established

The 1st convention was held in the ________________________

_____________________________________________________

The first dues were ____________________________________

Current chapter dues are _______________________________

1930

FFA Creed is written by ______________________________________

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1935

___________________________________________________ formed

For black students studying agriculture

New Farmers of America

Organization for African-American males in high school agriculture classes.

Colors were ________________________________________________

Found mostly in ____________________________________________

1950

Public Law 740

Gave the FFA _________________________________________

The law said that each school teaching agriculture must have

_____________________________________________________

Created 3 integral components to an agricultural education program

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

1965

__________________________________________________________

1969

__________________________________________________________

1971

_______________________________________________ was founded

Founded for supporters of FFA, not necessarily former members

1988

Future Farmers of America changes its name to the ________________

___________________________________________________________

1989

National Future Farmer Magazine changes its name to ______________

___________________________________________________________

The 1990’s

National FFA Center moves to _________________________________

2006

The National FFA Convention moves to Indianapolis, Indiana

Structure of the FFA

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National Officer Team

Comprised of six student officers

President

Secretary

Four Vice Presidents

Zach Kinne

The current National FFA President.

He is from _________________________________________________

Dr. Larry Case

Currently the _______________________________________________

Employed by the Department of Education

2008 – 2009 State FFA Officers

Made up of six students from across North Carolina

President

Five Vice-Presidents

Southwest Regional FFA Officers

Composed of at least six members from the region

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At lease one officer is elected from each federation

Crest FFA Officers

President

_______________________________________

Vice President

_______________________________________

Secretary

_______________________________________

Treasurer

_______________________________________

Reporter

_______________________________________

Sentinel

_______________________________________

Parliamentarian

_______________________________________

The FFA Emblem

The Ear of Corn

Provides the foundation of the emblem, just as corn has historically served as the

foundation crop of American agriculture.

________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

The Eagle

A national symbol which serves as a reminder of ___________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

The Rising Sun

Signifies progress and holds a promise that _______________________

___________________________________________________________

The Plow

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_________________________________________________________, the

backbone of agriculture and the historic foundation of our country’s strength.

The Owl

Long recognized for its wisdom, it symbolizes the __________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Words of FFA & Agricultural Education

“Agricultural Education” and “FFA” are emblazoned in the center to signify the

combination of _____________________________________

__________________________________________________________

The FFA Official Colors

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

The FFA Motto

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

FFA Code of Ethics

FFA has established guidelines for member actions and behavior

All FFA members should follow the code and should use it as a guideline to live

by.

This class uses the FFA Code of Ethics as its classroom rules.

FFA Officers and Stations

President

Stationed by _________________________________________

Vice President

Stationed by _________________________________________

Secretary

Stationed by _________________________________________

Treasurer

Stationed by _________________________________________

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Reporter

Stationed by _________________________________________

Sentinel

Stationed by _________________________________________

The Advisor

Stationed by _________________________________________

This office held by the __________________________________

Minimum of six officers

Additional officers may be established by the local chapter

Parliamentarian

Chaplin

Historian

Ceremonies

Rituals conducted at each meeting

Opening ceremony

Closing ceremony

Outlined in the FFA Student Manual

Opening Ceremony- “All in Unison”

President:

“FFA members, why are we here?”

All members say:

“To practice __________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

_______________________________

Closing Ceremony- The FFA Salute

“I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to to the republic for

which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.”

FFA Official Dress

Males

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Females

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

FFA Degrees

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Types of FFA Membership

____________________________

Students in middle school, high school, and college (up to age 21)

____________________________

Former active members, parents of FFA members, and others interested

in and supportive of FFA

____________________________

____________________________

Local, state and national levels

FFA Programs of Activities (POA)

It is a plan that directs chapter activities

Activities are determined by the student membership of the local chapter

Committees are appointed to look at different areas of the POA

Voted on by the total membership

Career Development Events

Individual or team competitions covering several subjects in agriculture and

leadership

Examples

_________________________________________

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_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

Conventions

State FFA Convention

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

National FFA Convention

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

North Carolina FFA Center (White Lake)

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

FFA Websites

National FFA Organization

www.ffa.org

North Carolina FFA Association

www.ncffa.org

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http://www.ncffa.org/

http://www.ffa.org/


PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE

1.02 Demonstrate parliamentary procedures and public speaking used in Horticulture business meetings..

What is Parliamentary Procedure?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________

Purposes of Parliamentary Procedure

• To focus on ________________________________________________

• Extends ___________________________________________________

• Observes __________________________________________________

• Ensures ___________________________________________________

The Gavel

• The president uses the gavel to _________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• ______________________________________ determines the meaning.

Number of taps

One Tap

– Tells members ________________________________________

– used after ____________________________________________ a

main motion

– Used after the announcement that _________________________

_____________________________________________________

Two taps

_____________________________________________________

Three taps

symbol to _____________________________________________

Series of taps

_____________________________________________________

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Presiding Officer

• __________________________________________________________

• Must be ___________________________________________________

• Must ______________________________________________________ when

the president desires to discuss business

MotionsMain Motion

• ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

• Wording: __________________ NOT “I make a motion”

• Requires second

• Debatable

• Amendable

• Majority vote required

• Can be reconsidered

Amendments

• Used to ___________________________________________________

• 3 ways to amend: ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Wording: “I move to amend the motion”

• Requires second

• Debatable

• Amendable



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Adjourn

• __________________________________________________________

• Wording: “I move to adjourn”

• Cannot be debated

• Cannot be amended

• Cannot be reconsidered

• Requires second

• Requires majority vote

Appeal

• __________________________________________________________

• Wording: “I appeal the decision of the chair”

• Requires a second

• Debatable


• Not amendable


Point of Order

• Used when one believes a ____________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Wording: “I rise to a point of order”

• Not debatable

• Not Amendable

• Does not require second

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• No vote required

Division of the House

• Calls for ___________________________________________________

• Wording: “I call for a division of the house.”

• Not debatable

• Not Amendable

• Does not require second


• No vote required

Lay on the table

• ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

• Motion must be taken from the table at the next meeting to be discussed

• Wording: “I move to lay this motion on the table”

• Requires second

• Not debatable

• Not amendable


• Majority vote

Previous question

• __________________________________________________________

• Wording: “I move to previous question”

• Second required

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• Not debatable

• Not amendable

• Can be reconsidered before vote

• 2/3 vote required

Refer to committee

• Used to ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Wording: “I move to refer this motion to a committee to report at our next

meeting.”

• Second required

• Debatable

• Amendable


• Majority vote

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CAREERS RELATED TO HORTICULTURE

2.00: Examine careers related to horticulture.2.01: Discuss careers and skills necessary in the Horticulture industry.

What is Horticulture?

• Horticulture comes from the Latin words _______________ which means

“__________________” and ________________ which means “__________________”.

• Horticulture is the cultivation, processing and marketing of ___________

___________________________________________________________

Divisions of Horticulture

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Floriculture

• Floriculture is the science and practice of growing, harvesting, storing, designing,

and marketing ______________________________________

Landscape and Nursery

• Landscape and nursery industry is the science and practice of propagation,

growing, planting, maintaining and using ________________

___________________________________________________________

Olericulture

• Olericulture is the science and practice of growing, harvesting, storing,

processing and marketing ______________________________________

Pomology

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• Pomology is the science and practice of growing, harvesting, storing, processing

and marketing ______________________________________

Importance of Horticulture

• Horticulture has three main areas of importance.

• _________________________________________

• _________________________________________

• _________________________________________

Economic Importance

• The horticulture industry puts over ______________________________ into the

U.S. economy annually.

• Provides __________________

• Produces _____________________________________________

• Increases value of homes through _________________________

Aesthetic value (appearance)

• Improves the appearance of homes and buildings through landscaping

• Improves the appearance of land from fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops

grown.

Environmental

• Includes health and comfort

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

What are some jobs in horticulture?Greenhouse Employee

• Grows vegetables and flowers including

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• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• Performs both ______________________________________________

__________________________________________ of plants

Nursery Employee

• Grows seedlings and plants for _________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Garden Center Employee

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Grounds Maintenance Employee

• Cares for the land area and plants that surround a business, school, church,

industry or other public or private places that _________________

___________________________________________________________

Golf Course Employee

• Responsible for maintenance of:

• golf course including ____________________________________

• _____________________________________________________

• _____________________________________________________

• trees and shrubs

• buildings and equipment

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Park Employee

• Maintains plants, grounds, buildings, facilities, equipment and driveways in

_________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

What qualifications do I need to work in the horticulture industry?Skills vary from unskilled to highly skilled depending on the career in horticulture. A materials

handler needs few skills, but an inspector needs many skills to check for

______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Personal Interests and Qualifications

• Before seeking a job one must consider:

• Work ________________________________________________

• Work ________________________________________________

• Work ________________________________________________

• Work ________________________________________________

• __________________________________________ to do the job

Educational Qualifications

• Educational qualifications vary depending on the careers

• High school graduate or less for ___________________________

_____________________________________________________

• _________________________________________ for skilled jobs

• Bachelors, masters or doctorate degree for most professional areas

because of _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Career Outlook

Outlook for the horticulture industry is expected to grow because of

_____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________

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INTRODUCTION TO SAE

2:02: Implement an SAE.

What is SAE?

• Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) Programs consist of

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________

How Does a SAE Help Me?

• Develop skills that can be used in getting a job

• Provides the opportunity to make money

• Develops skills that can be used in starting you own business

• Helps development management skills

• Learn record keeping skills

• Improves analytical and decision making skills

• Teaches responsibility

• Provides the opportunity to explore possible careers

• Develops knowledge and skills that could be helpful in college, as a hobby or for

recreation.

• Provides the opportunity to win awards: FFA proficiency awards are based on the

SAE program. In addition to winning awards, money can be won at regional, state and

national levels

• FFA degrees are partially based on the SAE. You must have a SAE program to

advance.

• In order to be a state or national officer, you first must have an advanced FFA

degree which is partially based on SAE.

• Could help the grade in Agriculture class.

• Help with your Graduation Project!

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Types of SAE

• Entrepreneurship

• Placement

• Research

– Experimental

– Non-Experimental

• Exploratory

• Improvement

• Supplemental

Entrepreneurship

• The student plans, implements, operates and assumes financial risks in a

farming activity or agricultural business. In Entrepreneurship programs, the student

_________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Entrepreneurship examples:

• Growing an acre of corn

• Operating a Christmas tree farm

• Raising a litter of pigs

• Running a pay-to-fish operation

• Growing bedding plants in the school greenhouse

• Owning and operating a lawn care service

• A group of students growing a crop of poinsettias

Entrepreneurship Records

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

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• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Placement

• Placement programs involve the placement of students on farms and ranches, in

agricultural businesses, in school laboratories or in community

facilities to provide a "learning by doing" environment. _______________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Placement Examples

• Placement in a florist shop

• Working after school at a farm supply store.

• Working on Saturdays at a riding stable

• Working in the school greenhouse after school and on weekends and holidays

• Placement on a general livestock farm

Placement Records

• ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Research-Experimental

• An extensive activity where the student plans and conducts a ________

_______________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________. The purpose of the

experiment is to provide students "hands-on" experience in:

– 1. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

– 2. ___________________________________________________

– 3. ___________________________________________________

Research-Experimental Examples

• Comparing the effect of various planting media on plant growth

• Determining the impact of different levels of protein on fish growth

• Comparing three rooting hormones on root development

• Determining if phases of the moon have an effect on plant growth

• Analyzing the effectiveness of different display methods on plant sales in a

garden center

• Demonstrating the impact of different levels of soil acidity on plant growth

• Determining the strength of welds using different welding methods

Research-Experimental Records

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Analytical Research

• Students __________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________ The students gather and

evaluate data from a variety of sources and then produce some type of finished product.

Analytical Examples:

• A marketing plan for an agricultural commodity

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• A series of newspaper articles about the environment

• A land use plan for a farm

• A landscape design for a community facility

• An advertising campaign for an agribusiness

Analytical Records

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Exploratory

• Exploratory SAE activities are __________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________Exploratory SAE activities are

appropriate for beginning agricultural students but is not restricted to beginning students.

Exploratory Examples:

• Observing and/or assisting a florist

• Growing plants in a milk jug "greenhouse"

• Assisting on a horse farm for a day

• Interviewing an agricultural loan officer in a bank

• Preparing a scrapbook on the work of a veterinarian

• Attending an agricultural career day

Exploratory Records

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• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Improvement (minor component)

• Improvement activities include a series of learning activities that improves the

value or appearance of the place of employment, home, school or community; the

efficiency of an enterprise or business, or the living conditions of the family.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Improvement Examples:

• Landscaping the home

• Building a fence

• Remodeling and painting a room

• Overhauling a piece of equipment

• Building or reorganizing a farm shop

• Renovating and restocking a pond

• Computerizing the records of an agricultural business

Improvement Records

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

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Supplementary (Minor)

• A supplementary activity is one where the student performs one specific

agricultural skill outside of normal class time. This skill is not related to the major SAE

but is normally taught in an agricultural program, involves experiential learning and does

contribute to the development of agricultural skills and knowledge on the part of the

student. ___________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Supplementary Examples:

• Pruning a fruit tree

• Changing oil in a sod cutter

• Balling & burlaping a tree

• Helping a neighbor castrate pigs

• Cutting firewood with a chain saw

• Staking tomatoes

Supplementary Records

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Unit B- Plant Physiology

3.00 Summarize Plant Anatomy

3.01: Discuss biological terms used to describe plants

Plant Sciences

• _________________________________-the branch of science that deals with

both plant and animal organisms and life processes

– ____________________________-the part of biology that deals with

animals

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– ____________________________-the part of biology that deals with

plants

• Applied plant sciences are based on the purposes for which the plants are grown

– _________________________________

– _________________________________

– _________________________________

Agronomy

The science and practice of growing ___________________________

________________________________________________________

Forestry

The science and practice of __________________________________

_______________________ for building materials and other products.

Horticulture

The science and practice of growing, processing and marketing

________________________________________________________

Life Cycles of Plants

• __________________________________-a plant that completes its life cycle in

one year

• __________________________________-a plant that completes its life cycle in

two years

• __________________________________-a plant that lives more than two years

Leaf Retention

• __________________________________-loses leaves during the dormant

season

• __________________________________-keeps leaves and remains green

year-round

Plant Hormones

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• Several types of hormones are used to help plants work more efficiently.

– Inhibitors

– cytokinins

– gibberellias

– auxins

Inhibitors

• Inhibitors hasten fruit ripening, retain seed germination and stem elongation.

Cytokinins

• Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division.

Gibberellias

• Hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering, and breaking of

dormancy.

Auxins

• Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement

Moisture in Plants

• __________________________________-plant is swollen or filled with moisture

• __________________________________-plant is limp because it does not have

enough moisture

Plant Growth

Dormant-

Season Crops

Cool Season

Plants ____________________________________________________

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Example- ____________________________

Warm Season

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Examples-

__________________________

__________________________

__________________________

__________________________

3.02: Discuss the anatomy and functions of plants.

Leaves-External

• __________________________________-leaf stalk or part that connects the

leaf to the stem

• __________________________________-the large, flat part of the leaf

• __________________________________-the large center vein

• __________________________________-the structural framework of the leaf

• __________________________________-the edge of the leaf

27


Leaves-Internal

• ______________________________________________________-skin of the

leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture

• ____________________________________-small openings under the leaf for

breathing or transpiration

• ____________________________________-open and close stomates

• ____________________________________-small green particles that contain

chlorophyll

– gives leaves their _____________________________________

– necessary for ________________________________________

Functions of the leaf

Photosynthesis_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Respiration__________________________________________________________

Transpiration is the release of water vapor from the leaves of plants. It also cools the plant.

Leaves Additional

___________________ describes leaves without a petiole (example zinnia).

___________________ are modified leaves (example poinsettia).

28


Needles and scales are modified leaves (example _________________)

Glabrous leaves or stems have a smooth non-hairy feel (example southern magnolia).

_____________________ leaves or stems have a hairy feel (example African violet).

Stems-External

• _______________________________-breathing pores

• _______________________________-show where terminal buds have been

located

• _______________________________-show where leaves were attached

• _______________________________-bud on the end of a stem

• _________________________________________-bud on side of stem

Stems-Internal

• ________________________-tissue that transports water and nutrients

__________ from the roots to stems and leaves

• ________________________-tissue that transports food ____________ from

leaves to roots

• ________________________-thin, green, actively growing tissue located

between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells

• ________________________-old inactive phloem

• ________________________-old inactive xylem

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• ________________________-new active xylem

• _________________________-plant stems have vascular bundles that contain

both xylem and phloem in each bundle

– examples: ___________________________________________

• _________________________-plant stems have the phloem layer and xylem

layer separated by cambium

– example: ____________________________________________

Roots-External

• _______________________________-indicates growth of new cells

• _______________________________-absorb moisture (water) and minerals

30


Roots-Internal

• Much like stems in that they have a _____________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Phloem-the outer layer that carries food down the root

• Xylem-the inner layer that carries water and minerals up to the stem

Layers of Roots

• _______________________________-many branched shallow roots

– ____________________________________________________

• _______________________________-long root with few branched ones

– ____________________________________________________

Flowers

• _____________________-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before

it opens

31


• _____________________-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects

for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers

• _____________________-male part of the flower

• _____________________-female part of the flower

Parts of the Stamen

• ______________________-short stalk that holds up the anther

• ______________________-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male

sex cells

Parts of the Pistil

• ______________________-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds

if fertilized

• ______________________-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat

• ______________________-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary

• ______________________-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen

Complete-vs-Incomplete

• _________________________ flowers have both male and female parts

• _________________________ flowers have only male or female parts

What are the functions of these plant parts?Functions of Leaves

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• ____________________________________-manufactures food in green plants

which is the beginning of the food chain for all living things

• Photosynthesis is the process by which __________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Functions of Stems

• _______________________________-moves water and minerals from roots up

to the leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots

• Supports __________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Functions of Roots

• _______________________________-take water and nutrients from the soil and

conduct them to the stem

• ___________________________________________ and hold it upright

• _______________________________________________ for plant use

• _____________________________________________ in some plants

Functions of Flowers

• Produce ___________________________ used for sexual reproduction

• Attract insects for pollination (Pollination is _______________________

__________________________________________________________)

• Produce fruit to _____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

3.03: Discuss floriculture and landscape plants

Taxonomy-__________________________________________________________

-Scientific names are used because ______________________________

___________________________________________________________

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Karl von Linne-______________________________ that developed the ___________

________________ of naming plants using two Latin words to indicate the

_____________________________________.

-Linne changed his name to the Latin name ________________________

Scientific Names-____________________ is the language used for scientific classification.

-The first word is the ______________ and the second word is the

__________________. If there are additional words, they indicate a

______________________________________.

Genus vs. Species-Plants in the same genus have _________________________________

___________________________________.

-Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same type.

Scientific Classification-The broadest category of scientific classification is the _______________

___________________________________________

-The broadest category in the plant kingdom is _____________________

__________________________________

Divisions-The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are:

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

-Spermatophytes

Contains ________________________________________

Two subdivisions are:______________________________

________________________________________________

Common Plant Genus-Pinus-______________________

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-Acer-_______________________

-Ilex-________________________

-Ficus-______________________

-Cornus-_____________________

-Rhododendron-__________________________

-Quercus-____________________

35


PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

4.00: Examine Factors relating to plant growth and development.

4.01: Explain the growth process of plants.

Processes of plant growth

• ___________________________

• ___________________________

• ___________________________

• ___________________________

• ___________________________

• ___________________________

Photosynthesis

• The food and manufacturing process in ____________________________ that

combines _________________________ and _____________ in the presence of

____________ to make ___________________ and ___________________.

– Formula:

__________+__________+672Kcal ____________+__________

Respiration

• The process through which plant leaves, stems and roots consume

_____________ and give off _______________________________.

• Plants produce much more ________________ through __________________

than they use through respiration.

Absorption

• The process by which plant _________________ take in ___________ and

_____________

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Transpiration

• The process by which plants ___________________ from leaves and stems

through _________________________

Translocation

• The process by which _________________________________ are moved

within a plant from one plant part to another

Reproduction

• The plant process that increases plant numbers

– _________________________________

Stages of Plant Growth

• Juvenile-________________________________________________________

• Reproductive-____________________________________________________

• Dormant-________________________________________________________

Plant Cells

• __________________________________________________________

• A ___________________ and a mass of ____________________ contained

within a ____________________________________________

Parts of a Plant Cell

• Nucleus

– location of plant’s __________________ and ________________ make-

up

• Protoplasm

– the __________________________ of the cell

• Plasma Membrane

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– surrounds _______________________ and allows for exchange of

__________________________________________________ into and out of

cell

• Cell Wall

– ____________________________________________ for the cell and

thus the whole plant

• Other Structures

– ______________________________

– ______________________________

– ______________________________

– ______________________________

Plant tissue

• A group of _________________________________________________

• Classified according to _______________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Structure of permanent tissue

– simple-_____________________________________

– complex-____________________________________

Tissue origin and function

• ___________________________________-near tip of stems and roots where

cell division and enlargement occur

• ___________________________________-increase growth in diameter of

stems

Types of Tissues

• __________________________-one-cell thick, outer layer, protects and

prevents water loss

• ___________________________-have thickened cell walls and contain fibers to

give strength and support to plant structures

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• ___________________________-have thick cell walls that strengthen and

support plant structures

• ___________________________-fleshy part of plant that stores water and

nutrients

Phases of the asexual cycle

• Vegetative-________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

– ________________________________-stage when cells enlarge

– ________________________________-stage when cells specialize

• Reproductive or flowering-_____________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Effects of Light, Moisture, Temperature and Nutrients on PlantsLight

• ____________________________________-response of plants to

different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles

• Necessary because of __________________________________

• Not enough light causes _________________________________

_____________________________________________________

• Too much light will cause ________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Moisture

• Needed in large amounts because plant tissues are ___________

_____________________________________________________

• Not enough water causes ________________________________

_____________________________________________________

• Too much water causes small ____________________________

________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________

Temperature

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• Needs vary depending on type of plants

• __________________________________________________________

________________________________________________

Nutrients

• Essential for __________________________________________

• Has little effect on ______________________________________

Combining growth factors

• Ideal quantities and quality will give _____________________________

__________________________________________________________

• Each has an effect on the other factors

• Unfavorable environmental conditions for plant growth

__________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Hardiness Zones

Plants are categorized by zones based on the average ___________________ temperature.

North Carolina is zones ___________ to __________

Charlotte is zone ____________________

40


41


PLANT PROPAGATION

4.02: Use sexual and asexual methods of propagation

Propagation

• ________________________________________________________________

______

• ________________________________________________________________

______

Sexual Propagation

• Propagation from ____________________________

• _______________ is transferred from the _________________ to the

______________

• ___________________ occurs and ________________ are produced.

Germination Rates

• ________________________________________________________________

______

– _______________________________

• Rate is affected by

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________.

• Rates vary depending on plant and

_________________________________________

Seeds

• Plant depth depends on the ________________________________________

– larger seeds are planted ________________________

– water small seeds from

____________________________________________

42


Seedlings (small plants)

• Transplant when

________________________________________________________

• Reduce _________________________ and _____________________ and

make environment more like outside to ___________________________________plants

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction

• ________________________________________________________________

____

• ________________________________________________________________

____

• ________________________________________________________________

____

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

• ________________________________________________________________

____

• ________________________________________________________________

____

Asexual Reproduction

• Uses growing plant parts other than seeds

• Types of asexual reproduction:

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

Rooting from Cuttings

43


• Rooting media should be about

____________________________________________

• Best time of day is _______________________________________ because

plants have more _________________________________

• Types of cuttings:

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

Stem Cuttings

• Using a small piece of

____________________________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________

______

Stem Cuttings-Step 1

_____________________________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________________________


44


_____________________________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________________________

Leaf cuttings

• Using small pieces of leaves to reproduce new plants

• ________________________________________________________________

______

• ________________________________________________________________

______

Root Cuttings

• Using small pieces of roots to reproduce plants

• should be _________________________________________________ in

rooting area

Layering

• ________________________________________________________________

______

– ___________________________________________

– ___________________________________________

Division or Separation

• ________________________________________________________________

______

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

45


– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

Grafting

• Joining separate plant parts together so that they form a

_________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Grafting Terms

• ___________________-the piece of plant at the top of the graft

• ___________________________-the piece of the plant at the root or bottom of

the graft

Methods of Grafting

• If the scion and rootstock are the same size

– __________________________

– __________________________

– __________________________

– __________________________

• If the scion is smaller than the rootstock

– __________________________

– __________________________

– __________________________

– __________________________

Budding

• A form of grafting when a bud is used

– ______________________________________

– ______________________________________

– ______________________________________

46


Tissue Culture

• Using a small amount of ________________________________________ to

grow in a __________________________________________________________

• The most plants in a short time

• _________________________________________________________

Notes on Asexual Production

• ________________________________________________________________

______

• ________________________________________________________________

______

• In trench layering, a plant forms at

__________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

• Some plants do not

_____________________________________________________

• ___________________________ are the same as the

__________________________

_______________________________________________________

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

• Some require

__________________________________________________________

• Cuttings detach plant parts from

___________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

• Some plants are ______________________ making propagation

_________________

What is Biotechnology?

47


• The use of

_____________________________________________________________ to produce

products or processes

Methods

• Tissue culture or ____________________________________

• __________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________

Tissue Culture

• Uses ______________________________________________ in a

_______________ ______________________________________________ on

______________________ or other nutrient-growing media to produce

____________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Cloning

• Genetically generating offspring from

________________________________________

Genetic Engineering

• Movement of genetic information in the form

of______________________________ from one cell to another cell to modify or change

the genetic make-up

Benefits of Biotechnology

• Produce

______________________________________________________________

• Increase

______________________________________________________________

• Increase

______________________________________________________________

48


• Increase -

______________________________________________________________

• Increase

______________________________________________________________

• Improve

______________________________________________________________

• Increase

______________________________________________________________

• Other genetic changes

49


Unit C Soil, Nutrients and Fertilizers

5.00- Explain the properties of soils.

5.01- Discuss Horticulture soils.

SOIL PROPERTIES

Soils and growing media

• Soils and growing media are made up of two types of materials

– ____________________________________________

– ____________________________________________

Organic Matter

• __________________________________________________________

• contains ___________________________________________________

• usually has _________________________________________________

Types of organic matter

• ___________________________

• ________________-particles too large to use in seed germination media

• ________________-used to cover soil to help hold moisture and prevent weeds

• ___________________________

• ___________________________

• ___________________________

• ___________________________-high carbon to nitrogen ratio makes nitrogen

unavailable for plant use

50


• ___________________________- high carbon to nitrogen ratio makes nitrogen

unavailable for plant use

Inorganic compounds

• Do not contain carbon

• usually __________________________

Types of inorganic compounds

• _____________________________________-artificial soil

• _____________________________________-mica mineral matter used to start

seeds and cuttings, helps hold moisture, has neutral pH

• _____________________________________-natural volcanic material that

helps aeration and water-holding capacity

Advantages of Horticultural soils

1. _______________________________________________________________________

2. The pH is neutral.

3. _______________________________________________________________________

4. It is good for starting disease sensitive seeds (tomato).

5. _______________________________________________________________________

6. _______________________________________________________________________.

7. It is easy to create a horticulture soil for particular plant needs.

Disadvantages of horticultural soils.

1. It is _______________________________

2. It is _______________________________

Additional materials used in soilless media.

1. ___________________________ has a high carbon to nitrogen ratio.

2. ____________________________________ have a high carbon to nitrogen ratio.

51


Makes ________________________________ unavailable for plant use.

52


5.02- Discuss the soil profile and soil sampling for surface and subsurface layers.

Soil Profile

• Layers of soil are called ___________________________

• Typical profile

– A Horizon-________________________________

• most _______________________________

• most ___________________________________

• top or first layer

– B Horizon-________________________________

– C Horizon-________________________________

Soil Structure

• How particles cluster together

53


_________________ ___________________ ___________________

_________________ ____________________

• Soil structure is more important to producers who grow plants in

___________________________________________________________

• Producers of container grown plants _____________________________

___________________________________________________________

Soil Texture

• __________________________________________________________

• Types of textures

– ________________________________

– ________________________________

– ________________________________

Clayey Texture

• __________________________________________________________

• Has a high _________________________________________________

• most common texture in ______________________________________

54


Loamy texture

• About equal parts of _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Ideal texture for most _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Sandy texture

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________moisture-holding capacity

• Most common in ____________________________________________

Soil pH

1. Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of soils.

2. Soil pH ranges from 0-14.

_________________________ (low pH) is considered an acid soil

_________________________indicate a neutral soil

_________________________ (high pH) is considered an alkaline soil.

3. Lime will ______________________ the pH value in soils (make the soil less acidic).

4. Calcium or sulfur will ___________________ the pH value in soils (make the soil more acidic).

5. The ideal pH value for vegetable garden soils are ______________________________

______________________________ is the rate at which water moves through the soil.

_______________________________________ is the ability of a soil to hold water for plant use.

_________________________ is the amount of air space between soil particles.

50% of soil should be pore space25% water space 25% air space.

50% of soil should be soil particles which include 45% mineral matter and 5% organic matter.

55


Soil Sampling

1. Create a visual grid of the area to be planted.

• For gardens and landscapes, take 5-10 sub-samples

• Sample before the growing season.

2. Use a stainless steel soil-sampling probe.

3. Take the surface sample to tillage depth

• about 4inches for lawns

• 6-8 inches for crops

4. Mix the soil samples together.

5. Remove any grass, rocks or other material besides soil.

6. Avoid unusual spots

• Problem areas need to be sent in a separate box.

7. Place soil samples in a box

• Obtain from the County Extension Office along with Soil Sample Information

sheet

8. Send the box and information to:

• Agronomic Division Soil Test Lab in Raleigh for a free soil test.

NUTRIENTS AND FERTILIZERS6.00 Explain the role of nutrients and fertilizers.

6.01 Discuss macro and micro nutrients and the role they play in plant deficiencies.

Macro vs Micro Nutrients

56


• Macro nutrients are __________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Micro nutrients are required ____________________________________

– ____________________________________________________

Macro nutrients

• Non-mineral elements

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

• Primary Nutrients

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

• Secondary Nutrients

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

– _______________________________________

Micro nutrients

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

Nitrogen

• Promotes growth of _________________________________________

57


• Gives ______________________________________________ and improves

__________________________________________________

• Necessary to develop ________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Deficiency symptoms

– ____________________________________________________

– short stems, small leaves, _______________________________

_____________________________________________________

– slow and dwarfed plant growth

Phosphorus

• Stimulates _________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

• Provides for ________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Stimulates _________________________________________________

• Necessary for the ___________________________________________ of many

plant processes


– ____________________________________________________

– ____________________________________________________

– older leaves are _______________________________________

Potassium

• Used to form _______________________________________________

• Formation and transfer of _____________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Increases disease resistance, __________________________________


– ____________________________________________________

58


– ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Calcium

• Improves plant vigor

• Influences intake and synthesis of other plant nutrients

• Important part of cell walls


– small developing leaves

– wrinkled older leaves

– dead stem tips

Magnesium

• Influences the intake of other essential nutrients

• Helps make fats

• Assists in translocation of phosphorus and fats


– Interveinal chlorosis-yellowing of leaves between green veins

– leaf tips curl or cup upward

– slender, weak stalks

Sulfur

• Promotes root growth and vigorous vegetative growth

• Essential to protein formation


– young leaves are light green with lighter color veins

– yellow leaves and stunted growth

Iron

• Functions of Iron

59


– Essential for chlorophyll production

– Helps carry electrons to mix oxygen with other elements


– mottled and interveinal chlorosis in young leaves

– stunted growth and slender, short stems

Copper

• Functions

– Helps in the use of Iron

– Helps respiration


– young leaves are small and permanently wilt

– multiple buds at stem tip

Zinc

• Functions

– plant metabolism

– helps form growth hormones

– reproduction


– retarded growth between nodes (rosetted)

– new leaves are thick and small

– spotted between veins, discolored veins

Boron

• Functions

– affects water absorption by roots

– translocation of sugars

• Deficiency Symptoms

– short, thick stem tips

60


– young leaves of terminal buds are light green at base

– leaves become twisted and die

Manganese

• Functions

– plant metabolism

– nitrogen transformation


– interveinal chlorosis

– young leaves die

Molybdenum

• Functions

– plant development

– reproduction


– stunted growth

– yellow leaves, upward curling leaves, leaf margins burn

Chlorine

• Functions

– essential to some plant processes

– acts in enzyme systems


– __________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

6.02- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various fertilizers.

Fertilizers

61


Types of Fertilizers

• ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________

Complete vs. Incomplete

• Complete has _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

– Examples: _____________________________________

• Incomplete DOES NOT have all three primary nutrients

– Examples: _____________________________________

Organic Fertilizers

• Comes from __________________________________________ and

contains __________________________________________

• Examples: ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Advantages of Organic

• _____________________________________________________

• Not easily ____________________________________________

• Add organic components to ______________________________

Disadvantages of Organic

• _________________________________________________

• _________________________________________________

• Low nutrient content

62


• _________________________________________________

Inorganic Fertilizers

• Comes from sources other than animals or plants

• _____________________________________________________

Advantages of Inorganic

• Can make the _________________________________________

• ______________________________________________

• ______________________________________________

Disadvantages of Inorganic

• No __________________________________________________

• possible _____________________________________________ up in

growing media

Soluble Fertilizer

• Dissolve in ________________________________ and are applied as a

___________________________________________

• Fertigation

– fertilizing through _________________________________

– big advantage

Insoluble Fertilizer

• Includes _____________________________________________

applied to the growing media

Granular vs. Slow Release

• Granular

– _______________________________________________

– _______________________________________________

• Slow Release

– more expensive because it is________________________

63


– more __________________________________________ over

time period

Fertilizer Analysis

• Fertilizer analysis expresses ___________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• For Example

– A 100 pound bag of fertilizer has an analysis of 15-5-15. How many

pounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are in the bag?

• Nitrogen: 100lbs X 15%=_____________________

• Phosphorus: 100lbs X 5%=___________________

• Potassium: 100lbs X 15%=___________________

Fertilizer Ratios

• A fertilizer with a 10-10-10 analysis would have a _______________ratio

• A fertilizer with a 24-8-16 analysis would have a ________________ ratio

Application Procedures

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

Banding

• Placing a band of fertilizer about ______________________________

_________________________________________________________

• DO NOT place below the seeds because _______________________

_________________________________________________________

Sidedressing

64


• Placing a band of fertilizer near the soil surface and to the sides ______

__________________________________________________________

Topdressing

• ________________________________________________ into the top

____________________________________ of growing media around the plant.

Perforating

• Placing fertilizer in ______________________________________

______________________________________________________ Cover the holes and

fertilizer slowly dissolves.

Broadcasting

• Spreading fertilizer to cover the _________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Foliar Spraying

• Spraying _______________________________________ in a solution

__________________________________________________.

• Quickly corrects ____________________________________________

• Fertilizer concentration should not be ___________________________

__________________________________________________________

Fertigation

• Incorporating ______________________________________________ into the

__________________________________________________ of greenhouse and

nursery crops.

• Concentrated solutions usually pass through ______________________

___________________________________________________________

– _______________________________________________

– _______________________________________________

Venturi-type

• ___________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________

• depends on _________________________________________ in the hose and

in the ______________________________________________

65


• Example: ____________________________________

Positive-displacement

• _______________________________________________

• _______________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________ of

concentrated solution and water

• Examples: commander proportioners and Smith injectors

Rules for applying fertilizers

• Method used should be _______________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Method used affects _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

• Fertilizer must be ____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

66


PLANNING A GARDEN

7.00 Apply a procedure to plant a garden.

7.01 Plan a garden.

Plan the best location

Items to consider

Sun

Shade

Water

Air

Types

1- Raised Beds

Typically made of ______________________

at least ______________________ inches in height

Convenient for watering and harvesting

The gardener can create a good quality _____________________________

Allow the gardener to grow more crops in a given area

Less soil ________________________________ than flatbed plantings

Can be set up on any surface such as concrete or porches

Can be built to make it accessible to elderly or handicapped individuals

2- Flat Beds

Flat bed is the most tradition way to plant vegetables is in rows

Usually a ___________________ foot gap is left between each row for

easy watering and harvesting

One disadvantage of flatbed planting is it

_____________________________________.

Container gardens are easy to make, manage and add beauty to any area.

Examples of containers

Whiskey barrels

Washtubs

67


Plastic or clay pots

Wooden crates

Baskets

Make sure your containers have holes in the bottom for

________________________.

Container garden takes up a small amount of space.

3- Roof Tops

Roof top gardens make good use of unused or wasted space

They are _________________________________________ to establish.

Check local ordinances before you begin for rules and regulations

Enlist the assistance of an architect or landscape contractor

___________________________________________________________

Incorporate windbreaks into the garden design

Consider ease of watering and harvesting plants from your roof top garden

4 Vertical Gardens

Saves valuable garden space

Vertical structures have a tendency to cast ___________________________.

Watch the sun’s movement for several days before planting.

Examples of vertical gardening structures:

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

Cages

Soils

Soil needs determined by what plants you select

Soil amendments are determined by what plants you select

Soil less mixes are determined by what plants you select

Plan

Season

_________________________

68


Winter

_________________________

Summer

Type of plants

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

Flower

7.01 Establish a garden.

Establishment from Seeds Fall vegetable seeds-

o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________ o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________

Winter vegetable seeds (mid-February through early March) o Carrotso Onionso Peaso Potatoeso Turnipo Lettuceo Radish

Spring vegetable seeds such as:o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________o _________________________________________________

Summer vegetable seedso Brusselo Sproutso Okra

69


o Beanso Cucumberso Kaleo Radish

Transplanting.

Fall vegetable plants such as broccoli, cabbage, lettuce and onions (sets) are examples of cool season crops.

Winter vegetable plants such as lettuce and spinach are examples of cool season crops.

Spring vegetable plants such as tomatoes, peppers, squash and cucumbers are examples of warm season crops.

Summer vegetable plants such as okra, cauliflower, cucumbers and kale are examples of summer crops

Maintaining a Garden

1. ___________________________ plants as needed

2. Control pest Keep clean

Remover debris and dead plants Check pest problems and maintain non chemical methods of control

3. Harvest plants as they ___________________________

4. Do not let plants _________________________ or _____________________.

70


Unit D- Pest Management8.00 Compare distinguishing characteristics of pest.8.01Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest

What is an insect?

• Small animals that have ______________________________________ and

__________________________________ equaling __________ legs

• Body regions

– ______________________________

– ______________________________

– ______________________________

Types of Insects

• The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects.

– ___________________________________

– ___________________________________

– ___________________________________

– ___________________________________

– ___________________________________

Chewing Insects

• Insects ______________________________________________ food

• Examples

– _____________________________

– _____________________________

Piercing Insects

• Punctures plant and _________________________________________

71


Rasping insect

• Rasps or ______________________________________ and sucks sap

• Example

– _____________________________________

Siphoning insects

• Have a ____________________________ they dip into _____________

__________________ such as _______________________and draw it in

• Example

– _____________________________________

Sponging Insects

• Have two ______________________________________ that collect

________________________________ and move it into the food canal

• Example

– __________________________________

Life Cycles

• Complete metamorphosis has four stages

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________

• Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages

– ___________________________

– ___________________________

– ___________________________

72


Chewing Insects

• Parts of leaves are eaten away

– beetles

– cutworms

– caterpillars

– grasshoppers

• Beetles

– eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts

• Cutworms

– usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts

• Caterpillars

– larva of moths and butterflies

– fuzzy or hairy

– eat young leaves and stems

– roll up in leaves making leaves curl

• Grasshoppers

– eat all parts of plants

Sucking Insects

• Aphids

• Leaf bugs

• Mealy bugs

• Scale

• Thrips

• Whiteflies

Aphids

73


• Pierce and suck juices

• known as plant lice

• cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves

• causes sticky substances and black mold

• will attract ants

Leaf Bugs

• Cause plants to look unhealthy

• plants will lose their normal color and wilt

Mealy Bugs

• Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow

appearance and sticky secretions

Scale

• Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and underside of

leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth

Thrips

• Chew and then suck causing plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf

tip to wither, curl up, or die

Whiteflies

• Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing

• will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken

Mites

• Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots

• severe infestations cause webbing

74


Plant DiseasesDiseases

• A disease is a plant disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent

• There are 3 conditions necessary for diseases in plants

– host plant

– disease causing organism or pathogen must be present

– favorable environment for disease organism to develop

Pathogens

• There are four groups of pathogens

– bacteria

– fungi

– viruses

– parasitic plants (attach to plants)

• mistletoe

• dodder

• lichens

Bacteria

• _____________________________ celled microorganisms

• Examples of common bacteria diseases:

• Leaf _____________________

• Rings of different shades of brown, green or yellow spots on

leaves.

• Blight

• ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

______

Fungi

• Cannot make their own food

75


• They develop hyphae, structures that grow and absorb nutrients from the

host plant

• Many fungi are spread by spores.

• Examples of common fungi diseases:

• _________________________

• Causes young plants and seedling to rot off at the soil level.

• _________________________

• Causes small spots on the leaves that resemble yellow, orange,

brown or red rust mainly on the underside of leaves.

• ____________________________

• Grows on the upper and lower leaf surface as white or gray

powdery substance. It is a common disease of houseplants

• Galls

• ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

_____.

Viruses

• Pathogens with an extremely narrow host range

• Examples of common viruses:

• ___________________________________ virus which attacks

tomatoes, peppers, poinsettias and tobacco.

• Can be transfer from ___________________________ hands of a

smoker

• Be sure to wash your hands before working with plants to control the

spread of this virus

• Cause leave to have _______________________________________

with patterns ranging from dark to ________________________________ and

yellow to white,

Other Diseases

Canker

• Causes open wounds on woody plants

Rots

76


• Cause plant to decay and die

Smut

• A black, powdery disease that causes blisters that burst open releasing

black spores

Wilt

• A disease that blocks the uptake of water in plant stems causing plants

to wilt

77


INTERGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

9.00 Explain Integrated Pest Management and Pesticides.9.01Discuss Integrated Pest management Strategies

Intergraded Pest management (IPM)

Most effective and environmentally friendly method approach to control

Focuses on pest prevention

________________________________________________________________

Least amount of danger to the environment.

Steps to Intergraded Pest management (IPM)

1. ___________________________________

2. Prevention of pests

Controlled by using cultural methods such as ___________________________,

pest resistant varieties and planting pest-free rootstock

3. __________________________________________________________________

4. Traps may be used to check pest population

5. Use the less risky pest control first

Including ___________________________________ that will disrupt pest

mating

Mechanical controls including traps.

6. If these methods are not effective, additional control methods

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Biological Control

_______________________________________________________________

Both adults and larva feed

Soft bodied insects (aphids), mites and eggs.

Parasitic __________________________

Caterpillar

Butterfly or moth egg or pupa

Beetle egg

Other insects in the egg, larva or pupa stage

_________________________________________

Will eat just about any pest

78


Green lacewing larvae

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Predatory mites

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

SAFELY USING AGRICULTURE CHEMICALS

9.02 Examine the agricultural chemical manual and its uses

Pesticide

• Any material used to control pests ______________________________

___________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

Key Signal Words

Danger

Has a skull and crossbones symbol and the word POISON in red on the label

It is highly toxic

Orally

Dermally

Inhalation

Causes severe eye or skin burn

Warning

_____________________________________________ orally, dermally, through

inhalation and moderate eye and skin irritation

The word WARNING will be written on the label

Caution

Is _______________________________________________________ orally,

dermally or through inhalation or causes slight eye and skin irritation

The word CAUTION will be written on the label.

Reading a Pesticide Label

1. Includes the name and address of manufacturer

2. Includes the trade, brand or product name

79


a. Example is Ortho

3. Classification

a. ________________________________ pesticides

i. Purchased and applied by the general public

b. ________________________________ pesticides

i. Purchased by a licensed certified applicator only.

1. It may be applied by or under the direct supervision of a licensed

certified applicator

4. Active ingredients

5. _____________________________________________________

6. Chemical name

7. Type of pesticide

a. Insecticide—kills insects.

b. Herbicide—kills unwanted plants.

i. Selective herbicides kill specific weeds or plants.

ii. Non selective herbicides kill all plants with which they come in contact.

c. Fungicide controls fungi

8. Form of substance

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Liquid

______________________________________________

9. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) registration number.

10. Establishment number—(EPA Est. No.111-NC-1)

1. which appears on the pesticide label or container identifies the facility that

produced the product

11. Storage and disposal precaution

12. Hazard statement including

“______________________________________________________________________”

13. Net contents

14. Statement of practical treatment

What to do if a person swallows or is poisoned

15. _________________________________________l Hazard

Indicates that the product may have undesirable effects in the environment

Especially to wildlife such as bees, fish and birds

16. General Environmental Statement

80


____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Keep pesticides out of storm water sewer drains

17. Physical or Chemical Hazard

Informs individuals of specific fire or explosion hazards

18. Worker protection procedures

PPE-personal protective equipment

1. __________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________

19. _______________________________________ (REI)

The time that must past before reentering a treated area

20. First aid statement

21. Storage and disposal

22. Directions for use including mixing and application

• The most important rule in pesticide safety is:

Choosing Pesticides

• North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual

– May be purchased from _________________________________

– May be viewed online at:

_____________________________________________________

81

Documents

Crest High Schoolcarsonag.weebly.com/uploads/3/1/3/4/31340859/hort_1_g… · Web viewIt is a plan that directs chapter activities . ... 1.02 Demonstrate parliamentary procedures