CRC - Karen version

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This translation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights ofthe Child is a response to the request of an orphaned Karen boy fora copy in his own language. The book includes an illustrated children-friendly summary of the rights in the Convention, as well asthe full text in Karen and English, with a Foreword by Professor JaapDoek, the Chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child.

Children who know their rights and duties will learn to respect therights of others and become responsible adults.sible adults.


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United Nations

Convention on

the Rights

of the Child

2

© Convention on the Rights of the Child (English), United Nations 1989

© Convention on the Rights of the Child (Karen), Black on White Publications 2006

© What is the Convention on the Rights of the Child? (English, Karen and drawings) Black on White Publications 2006

© Foreword (English and Karen) Jaap Doek

ISBN: 974-685-079-2

Translation team: Christ Stone (Saw Ler Taw), Saw Henery Khu, Hsar Khi Lar,Saw George, Saw Andy

Artist: Htoo Doh

Cover picture: Karen child 1988, Christ Church, Bangkok,English-speaking Congregation archives

Published by: Black on White PublicationsRoom 3084, Siam Court130 Sukhumvit 4Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Tel. (+66) 02 656 [email protected]/blackonwhite/

Design: Jiratham Ngamsuk, Keen Publishing (Thailand) Co., Ltd

Production: Keen Publishing (Thailand) Co., Ltd22nd floor, Ocean Tower II75/42 Sukhumvit 19Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Black on White Publications , is the publications division of Knowing Children.

Save the Children Sweden, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Regional Office supported the production of this translation

3

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Children)[HxD.zD.xD.0J'.rl'gvXuuGJ;usd;< upJusH;xk;xD. 'D;uyXqSX&J.usJRw>&RvDRvHmvXtzd;oJp;wbh.tHRvXtydmxGJxD.0J'.zdo.w>cGJ;w>,mtvHmwbh.vXtb.w>uGJ;%SJyF;tDR'fod;zdo.oh.wz.ue.yX>0JnDt*D>Ckm'D;w>*DRvXtb.w>uGJ;tDRvXunDtySRuGJ;w>*DRw*RM.vDRI

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o&.'d.pd = Jaap Doek

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4

Foreword

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which wasadopted by the General Assembly in 1989, is the most comprehensive ofall international human rights legal instruments. The civil, political,economic, social and cultural rights it contains apply to all children,everywhere, all the time. Almost all governments in the world have nowagreed to apply these rights within their domestic laws and to report regularly to the Committee on the Rights of the Child about progress inimplementation.

Under Article 42, governments are obliged to be active in making the principles and provisions of the Convention widely known by all childrenand adults. In 2005 a Karen boy in a refugee camp on the Thai/MyanmarBorder requested a visitor to the orphanage in which he lives to find hima copy of the Convention in his own language. As no Karen translationthen existed, Knowing Children took on the responsibility of translating,printing and overseeing the distribution of the official text, prefaced by achildren-friendly explanation with pictures drawn by a Karen artist.

I congratulate the translators and artist on the result, and thank KnowingChildren for undertaking this important work. Particular thanks go to theboy who first requested to be able to read about his own human rights.I hope that many such translations will soon make this information available in the mother tongues of many more children and adults fromminority and ethnic groups.

Professor Jaap Doek

Chair

Committee on the Rights of the Child

Geneva

5

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What is the Convention on the Rights of the Child?

The Convention is part of the international human rights laws. It was agreed

in1989 by countries that belong to the United Nations. This law describes

the rights of all children, including every child who lives in any Asian country.

6

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What are rights?

All human beings have the same rights, to live in peace and security, to

have their needs for shelter, food and health met, and to be involved in

decisions made about their lives.

7

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Who is a child?

A child is a human being who has not yet reached his or her 18th birthday.

All children have equal rights to live and to develop into adults

Boys and girls

Children of different religions

Children of different cultures

Poor children and rich children

Children with disabilities

Child refugees, whether they are

with their parents or alone.

8

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Who is responsible?

Governments must make sure that all children receive the rights written

in the Convention. They usually do this by supporting parents to provide

the rights. This may include making sure children are not separated from

their parents, or it may mean providing special care for children who have

no parents.

9

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What rights are described in the Convention?

10

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11

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Children should be brought up in loving homes, by their parents.

Parents must take care of children, and not hurt them.

Governments must help parents to provide a home and proper care for

their children.

12

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If children are separated from their parents they should be helped to find

them again.

13

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If their parents cannot care for them, the government of the country in

which they live must make sure children are properly cared for.

Governments should check regularly on their welfare.

14

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Children should be provided with health care, including clean water

and sanitation –

15

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as well as clinics, doctors and medicine.

16

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Children should be provided with education.

This includes good schools, good teaching, non violent discipline

and information, including about their own language and culture.

17

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Children should have leisure to play, to practice sports and creative activities.

18

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Children must be protected from any harm to their bodies or minds.

Children must be protected from war.

They must not be soldiers.

They should be protected when adults fight.

They must not be tortured.

19

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Children must be protected from working too hard, or when they are

too young.

20

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Children must be protected from using drugs.

21

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Children must not be bought and sold (trafficked).

22

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If children are caught breaking the law they must have special treatment

including:

respect for their age

equal and fair justice

access to education

communication with their parents.

23

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Children have the right to give their opinions when decisions are made that

affect them.

They have the right to express their opinions freely and be taken seriously.

24

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Children have the right to form groups so that their opinions can be heard.

25

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Under parental guidance, children are free to chose their religion and form

their own ideas.

26

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Children who have been hurt in body or mind have the right to special

care, so that they can recover and get on with their lives.

27

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All these rights should be enjoyed by all children, everywhere, all the time.

There are no exceptions.

29

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75

Convention on the Rights of the Child

Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989Entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49

Preamble

The States Parties to the present Convention,

Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimedin the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignityand of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Bearing in mind that the peoples of the United Nations have, inthe Charter, reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights and in thedignity and worth of the human person, and have determined to promotesocial progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

Recognizing that the United Nations has, in the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenants onHuman Rights, proclaimed and agreed that everyone is entitled to all therights and freedoms set forth therein, without distinction of any kind, suchas race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national orsocial origin, property, birth or other status,

Recalling that, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, theUnited Nations has proclaimed that childhood is entitled to special careand assistance,

Convinced that the family, as the fundamental group of societyand the natural environment for the growth and well-being of all its members and particularly children, should be afforded the necessary protection and assistance so that it can fully assume its responsibilitieswithin the community,

Recognizing that the child, for the full and harmonious development of his or her personality, should grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding,

76

Considering that the child should be fully prepared to live anindividual life in society, and brought up in the spirit of the ideals proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, and in particular in thespirit of peace, dignity, tolerance, freedom, equality and solidarity,

Bearing in mind that the need to extend particular care to thechild has been stated in the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Childof 1924 and in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by theGeneral Assembly on 20 November 1959 and recognized in the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights, in the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights (in particular in articles 23 and 24), in the InternationalCovenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (in particular in article10) and in the statutes and relevant instruments of specialized agenciesand international organizations concerned with the welfare of children,

Bearing in mind that, as indicated in the Declaration of theRights of the Child, “the child, by reason of his physical and mental immaturity, needs special safeguards and care, including appropriate legalprotection, before as well as after birth”,

Recalling the provisions of the Declaration on Social and LegalPrinciples relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children, with SpecialReference to Foster Placement and Adoption Nationally andInternationally; the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for theAdministration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules); and the Declarationon the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and ArmedConflict,

Recognizing that, in all countries in the world, there are childrenliving in exceptionally difficult conditions, and that such children needspecial consideration,

Taking due account of the importance of the traditions and cultural values of each people for the protection and harmonious development of the child,

Recognizing the importance of international co-operation forimproving the living conditions of children in every country, in particularin the developing countries,

Have agreed as follows:

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PART I

Article 1

For the purposes of the present Convention, a child means everyhuman being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law appli-cable to the child, majority is attained earlier.

Article 2

1. States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights set forth in the present Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the child’s or his or her parent’s orlegal guardian’s race,colour,sex, language,religion,political or other opinion,national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status.

2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure thatthe child is protected against all forms of discrimination or punishment onthe basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of thechild’s parents, legal guardians, or family members.

Article 3

1. In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by publicor private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authoritiesor legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration.

2. States Parties undertake to ensure the child such protectionand care as is necessary for his or her well-being, taking into account therights and duties of his or her parents, legal guardians, or other individuals legally responsible for him or her, and, to this end, shall take allappropriate legislative and administrative measures.

3. States Parties shall ensure that the institutions, services andfacilities responsible for the care or protection of children shall conformwith the standards established by competent authorities, particularly inthe areas of safety, health, in the number and suitability of their staff, aswell as competent supervision.

Article 4

States Parties shall undertake all appropriate legislative,administrative, and other measures for the implementation of the rightsrecognized in the present Convention. With regard to economic, social

78

and cultural rights, States Parties shall undertake such measures to themaximum extent of their available resources and, where needed, withinthe framework of international co-operation.

Article 5

States Parties shall respect the responsibilities, rights and dutiesof parents or, where applicable, the members of the extended family orcommunity as provided for by local custom, legal guardians or other persons legally responsible for the child, to provide, in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child, appropriate directionand guidance in the exercise by the child of the rights recognized in thepresent Convention.

Article 6

1. States Parties recognize that every child has the inherent rightto life.

2. States Parties shall ensure to the maximum extent possible thesurvival and development of the child.

Article 7

1. The child shall be registered immediately after birth and shallhave the right from birth to a name, the right to acquire a nationality and.as far as possible, the right to know and be cared for by his or her parents.

2. States Parties shall ensure the implementation of these rights inaccordance with their national law and their obligations under the relevant international instruments in this field, in particular where thechild would otherwise be stateless.

Article 8

1. States Parties undertake to respect the right of the child to preserve his or her identity, including nationality, name and family relations as recognized by law without unlawful interference.

2.Where a child is illegally deprived of some or all of the elementsof his or her identity, States Parties shall provide appropriate assistanceand protection, with a view to re-establishing speedily his or her identity.

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Article 9

1. States Parties shall ensure that a child shall not be separatedfrom his or her parents against their will,except when competent authoritiessubject to judicial review determine, in accordance with applicable lawand procedures, that such separation is necessary for the best interests ofthe child. Such determination may be necessary in a particular case suchas one involving abuse or neglect of the child by the parents, or one wherethe parents are living separately and a decision must be made as to thechild’s place of residence.

2. In any proceedings pursuant to paragraph 1 of the present article, all interested parties shall be given an opportunity to participate inthe proceedings and make their views known.

3. States Parties shall respect the right of the child who is separatedfrom one or both parents to maintain personal relations and direct contact with both parents on a regular basis, except if it is contrary to thechild’s best interests.

4. Where such separation results from any action initiated by aState Party, such as the detention, imprisonment, exile, deportation ordeath (including death arising from any cause while the person is in thecustody of the State) of one or both parents or of the child, that State Partyshall, upon request, provide the parents, the child or, if appropriate, anothermember of the family with the essential information concerning thewhereabouts of the absent member(s) of the family unless the provisionof the information would be detrimental to the well-being of the child.States Parties shall further ensure that the submission of such a requestshall of itself entail no adverse consequences for the person(s) concerned.

Article 10

1. In accordance with the obligation of States Parties under article9, paragraph 1, applications by a child or his or her parents to enter orleave a State Party for the purpose of family reunification shall be dealtwith by States Parties in a positive, humane and expeditious manner.States Parties shall further ensure that the submission of such a requestshall entail no adverse consequences for the applicants and for the members of their family.

2. A child whose parents reside in different States shall have theright to maintain on a regular basis, save in exceptional circumstances personal relations and direct contacts with both parents.Towards that end

80

and in accordance with the obligation of States Parties under article 9,paragraph 1, States Parties shall respect the right of the child and his orher parents to leave any country, including their own, and to enter theirown country. The right to leave any country shall be subject only to suchrestrictions as are prescribed by law and which are necessary to protectthe national security, public order (ordre public), public health or morals orthe rights and freedoms of others and are consistent with the other rightsrecognized in the present Convention.

Article 11

1. States Parties shall take measures to combat the illicit transferand non-return of children abroad.

2. To this end, States Parties shall promote the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements or accession to existing agreements.

Article 12

1. States Parties shall assure to the child who is capable of forming his or her own views the right to express those views freely in allmatters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weightin accordance with the age and maturity of the child.

2. For this purpose, the child shall in particular be provided theopportunity to be heard in any judicial and administrative proceedingsaffecting the child, either directly, or through a representative or an appropriate body, in a manner consistent with the procedural rules ofnational law.

Article 13

1. The child shall have the right to freedom of expression; thisright shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information andideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print,in the form of art, or through any other media of the child's choice.

2. The exercise of this right may be subject to certain restrictions,but these shall only be such as are provided by law and are necessary:

(a) For respect of the rights or reputations of others; or (b) For the protection of national security or of public order (ordre

public), or of public health or morals.

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Article 14

1. States Parties shall respect the right of the child to freedom ofthought, conscience and religion.

2. States Parties shall respect the rights and duties of the parentsand, when applicable, legal guardians, to provide direction to the child inthe exercise of his or her right in a manner consistent with the evolvingcapacities of the child.

3. Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subjectonly to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health or morals, or the fundamental rightsand freedoms of others.

Article 15

1. States Parties recognize the rights of the child to freedom ofassociation and to freedom of peaceful assembly.

2. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of these rightsother than those imposed in conformity with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security orpublic safety, public order (ordre public), the protection of public health ormorals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.

Article 16

1. No child shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interferencewith his or her privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawfulattacks on his or her honour and reputation.

2.The child has the right to the protection of the law against suchinterference or attacks.

Article 17

States Parties recognize the important function performed by themass media and shall ensure that the child has access to information andmaterial from a diversity of national and international sources, especiallythose aimed at the promotion of his or her social, spiritual and moral well-being and physical and mental health.To this end, States Parties shall:

(a) Encourage the mass media to disseminate information andmaterial of social and cultural benefit to the child and in accordance withthe spirit of article 29;

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(b) Encourage international co-operation in the production,exchange and dissemination of such information and material from adiversity of cultural, national and international sources;

(c) Encourage the production and dissemination of children’s books;(d) Encourage the mass media to have particular regard to the

linguistic needs of the child who belongs to a minority group or who isindigenous;

e) Encourage the development of appropriate guidelines for theprotection of the child from information and material injurious to his orher well-being, bearing in mind the provisions of articles 13 and 18.

Article 18

1. States Parties shall use their best efforts to ensure recognitionof the principle that both parents have common responsibilities for theupbringing and development of the child. Parents or, as the case may be,legal guardians, have the primary responsibility for the upbringing anddevelopment of the child.The best interests of the child will be their basicconcern.

2. For the purpose of guaranteeing and promoting the rights setforth in the present Convention, States Parties shall render appropriateassistance to parents and legal guardians in the performance of theirchild-rearing responsibilities and shall ensure the development of institutions, facilities and services for the care of children.

3. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure thatchildren of working parents have the right to benefit from child-care services and facilities for which they are eligible.

Article 19

1. States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative,social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms ofphysical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while inthe care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has thecare of the child.

2.Such protective measures should,as appropriate, include effectiveprocedures for the establishment of social programmes to provide necessarysupport for the child and for those who have the care of the child, as wellas for other forms of prevention and for identification, reporting, referral,

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investigation, treatment and follow-up of instances of child maltreatmentdescribed heretofore, and, as appropriate, for judicial involvement.

Article 20

1. A child temporarily or permanently deprived of his or her familyenvironment, or in whose own best interests cannot be allowed to remainin that environment, shall be entitled to special protection and assistanceprovided by the State.

2. States Parties shall in accordance with their national lawsensure alternative care for such a child.

3. Such care could include, inter alia, foster placement, kafalah ofIslamic law, adoption or if necessary placement in suitable institutions forthe care of children. When considering solutions, due regard shall be paidto the desirability of continuity in a child’s upbringing and to the child’sethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic background.

Article 21

States Parties that recognize and/or permit the system of adoption shall ensure that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration and they shall:

(a) Ensure that the adoption of a child is authorized only by competent authorities who determine, in accordance with applicable lawand procedures and on the basis of all pertinent and reliable information,that the adoption is permissible in view of the child’s status concerningparents, relatives and legal guardians and that, if required, the personsconcerned have given their informed consent to the adoption on thebasis of such counselling as may be necessary;

(b) Recognize that inter-country adoption may be considered asan alternative means of child’s care, if the child cannot be placed in a fosteror an adoptive family or cannot in any suitable manner be cared for in thechild’s country of origin;

(c) Ensure that the child concerned by inter-country adoptionenjoys safeguards and standards equivalent to those existing in the caseof national adoption;

(d) Take all appropriate measures to ensure that, in inter-countryadoption, the placement does not result in improper financial gain forthose involved in it;

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(e) Promote, where appropriate, the objectives of the present article by concluding bilateral or multilateral arrangements or agreements, and endeavour, within this framework, to ensure that theplacement of the child in another country is carried out by competentauthorities or organs.

Article 22

1. States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure that achild who is seeking refugee status or who is considered a refugee inaccordance with applicable international or domestic law and proceduresshall, whether unaccompanied or accompanied by his or her parents or byany other person, receive appropriate protection and humanitarian assistance in the enjoyment of applicable rights set forth in the presentConvention and in other international human rights or humanitarianinstruments to which the said States are Parties.

2. For this purpose, States Parties shall provide, as they considerappropriate, co-operation in any efforts by the United Nations and othercompetent intergovernmental organizations or non-governmentalorganizations co-operating with the United Nations to protect and assistsuch a child and to trace the parents or other members of the family of anyrefugee child in order to obtain information necessary for reunificationwith his or her family. In cases where no parents or other members of thefamily can be found, the child shall be accorded the same protection asany other child permanently or temporarily deprived of his or her familyenvironment for any reason, as set forth in the present Convention.

Article 23

1. States Parties recognize that a mentally or physically disabledchild should enjoy a full and decent life, in conditions which ensure dignity, promote self-reliance and facilitate the child's active participationin the community.

2. States Parties recognize the right of the disabled child to special care and shall encourage and ensure the extension, subject toavailable resources, to the eligible child and those responsible for his orher care, of assistance for which application is made and which is appropriate to the child's condition and to the circumstances of the parents or others caring for the child.

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3. Recognizing the special needs of a disabled child, assistanceextended in accordance with paragraph 2 of the present article shall beprovided free of charge, whenever possible, taking into account the financialresources of the parents or others caring for the child, and shall bedesigned to ensure that the disabled child has effective access to andreceives education, training, health care services, rehabilitation services,preparation for employment and recreation opportunities in a mannerconducive to the child’s achieving the fullest possible social integrationand individual development, including his or her cultural and spiritualdevelopment

4. States Parties shall promote, in the spirit of international cooperation, the exchange of appropriate information in the field of preventive health care and of medical, psychological and functional treatment of disabled children, including dissemination of and access toinformation concerning methods of rehabilitation, education and vocational services, with the aim of enabling States Parties to improvetheir capabilities and skills and to widen their experience in these areas. Inthis regard, particular account shall be taken of the needs of developingcountries.

Article 24

1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to the enjoymentof the highest attainable standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health. States Parties shall striveto ensure that no child is deprived of his or her right of access to suchhealth care services.

2. States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right and,in particular, shall take appropriate measures:

(a) To diminish infant and child mortality;(b) To ensure the provision of necessary medical assistance and

health care to all children with emphasis on the development of primaryhealth care;

(c) To combat disease and malnutrition, including within theframework of primary health care, through, inter alia, the application ofreadily available technology and through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking-water, taking into consideration thedangers and risks of environmental pollution;

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(d) To ensure appropriate pre-natal and post-natal health carefor mothers;

(e) To ensure that all segments of society, in particular parentsand children, are informed, have access to education and are supported inthe use of basic knowledge of child health and nutrition, the advantagesof breastfeeding, hygiene and environmental sanitation and the prevention of accidents;

(f ) To develop preventive health care, guidance for parents andfamily planning education and services.

3. States Parties shall take all effective and appropriate measureswith a view to abolishing traditional practices prejudicial to the health ofchildren.

4. States Parties undertake to promote and encourage international co-operation with a view to achieving progressively the fullrealization of the right recognized in the present article. In this regard,particular account shall be taken of the needs of developing countries.

Article 25

States Parties recognize the right of a child who has been placedby the competent authorities for the purposes of care, protection or treatment of his or her physical or mental health, to a periodic review ofthe treatment provided to the child and all other circumstances relevantto his or her placement.

Article 26

1. States Parties shall recognize for every child the right to benefitfrom social security, including social insurance, and shall take the necessary measures to achieve the full realization of this right in accordance with their national law.

2. The benefits should, where appropriate, be granted, taking intoaccount the resources and the circumstances of the child and personshaving responsibility for the maintenance of the child, as well as any otherconsideration relevant to an application for benefits made by or on behalfof the child.

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Article 27

1. States Parties recognize the right of every child to a standard ofliving adequate for the child’s physical, mental, spiritual, moral and socialdevelopment.

2. The parent(s) or others responsible for the child have the primary responsibility to secure, within their abilities and financial capacities, the conditions of living necessary for the child's development.

3. States Parties, in accordance with national conditions and within their means, shall take appropriate measures to assist parents andothers responsible for the child to implement this right and shall in case ofneed provide material assistance and support programmes, particularlywith regard to nutrition, clothing and housing.

4. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to secure therecovery of maintenance for the child from the parents or other personshaving financial responsibility for the child, both within the State Partyand from abroad. In particular, where the person having financial responsibility for the child lives in a State different from that of the child,States Parties shall promote the accession to international agreements orthe conclusion of such agreements, as well as the making of other appropriate arrangements.

Article 28

1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to education, andwith a view to achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equalopportunity, they shall, in particular:

(a) Make primary education compulsory and available free to all;(b) Encourage the development of different forms of secondary

education, including general and vocational education, make them available and accessible to every child, and take appropriate measuressuch as the introduction of free education and offering financial assistance in case of need;

(c) Make higher education accessible to all on the basis ofcapacity by every appropriate means;

(d) Make educational and vocational information and guidanceavailable and accessible to all children;

(e) Take measures to encourage regular attendance at schoolsand the reduction of drop-out rates.

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2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure thatschool discipline is administered in a manner consistent with the child’shuman dignity and in conformity with the present Convention.

3. States Parties shall promote and encourage international cooperation in matters relating to education, in particular with a view tocontributing to the elimination of ignorance and illiteracy throughout theworld and facilitating access to scientific and technical knowledge andmodern teaching methods. In this regard, particular account shall betaken of the needs of developing countries.

Article 29

1. States Parties agree that the education of the child shall bedirected to:

(a) The development of the child's personality, talents andmental and physical abilities to their fullest potential;

(b) The development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and for the principles enshrined in the Charter ofthe United Nations;

(c) The development of respect for the child's parents, his or herown cultural identity, language and values, for the national values of thecountry in which the child is living, the country from which he or she mayoriginate, and for civilizations different from his or her own;

(d) The preparation of the child for responsible life in a freesociety, in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance, equality of sexes,and friendship among all peoples, ethnic, national and religious groupsand persons of indigenous origin;

(e) The development of respect for the natural environment.2. No part of the present article or article 28 shall be construed so

as to interfere with the liberty of individuals and bodies to establish and direct educational institutions, subject always to the observance ofthe principle set forth in paragraph 1 of the present article and to therequirements that the education given in such institutions shall conformto such minimum standards as may be laid down by the State.

Article 30

In those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities orpersons of indigenous origin exist, a child belonging to such a minority orwho is indigenous shall not be denied the right, in community with other

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members of his or her group, to enjoy his or her own culture, to professand practise his or her own religion, or to use his or her own language.

Article 31

1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to rest and leisure,to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of thechild and to participate freely in cultural life and the arts.

2. States Parties shall respect and promote the right of the child toparticipate fully in cultural and artistic life and shall encourage the provision of appropriate and equal opportunities for cultural, artistic,recreational and leisure activity.

Article 32

1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to be protectedfrom economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely tobe hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful tothe child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.

2. States Parties shall take legislative, administrative, social andeducational measures to ensure the implementation of the present article. To this end, and having regard to the relevant provisions of otherinternational instruments, States Parties shall in particular:

(a) Provide for a minimum age or minimum ages for admissionto employment;

(b) Provide for appropriate regulation of the hours and conditions of employment;

(c) Provide for appropriate penalties or other sanctions toensure the effective enforcement of the present article.

Article 33

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures, including legislative, administrative, social and educational measures, to protectchildren from the illicit use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substancesas defined in the relevant international treaties, and to prevent the use ofchildren in the illicit production and trafficking of such substances.

Article 34

States Parties undertake to protect the child from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. For these purposes, States Parties

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shall in particular take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateralmeasures to prevent:

(a) The inducement or coercion of a child to engage in anyunlawful sexual activity;

(b) The exploitative use of children in prostitution or otherunlawful sexual practices;

(c) The exploitative use of children in pornographic performances and materials.

Article 35

States Parties shall take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic inchildren for any purpose or in any form.

Article 36

States Parties shall protect the child against all other forms ofexploitation prejudicial to any aspects of the child's welfare.

Article 37

States Parties shall ensure that:(a) No child shall be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman

or degrading treatment or punishment. Neither capital punishment norlife imprisonment without possibility of release shall be imposed foroffences committed by persons below eighteen years of age;

(b) No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully orarbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resortand for the shortest appropriate period of time;

(c) Every child deprived of liberty shall be treated with humanityand respect for the inherent dignity of the human person, and in a mannerwhich takes into account the needs of persons of his or her age. In particular, every child deprived of liberty shall be separated from adultsunless it is considered in the child's best interest not to do so and shallhave the right to maintain contact with his or her family through correspondence and visits, save in exceptional circumstances;

(d) Every child deprived of his or her liberty shall have the rightto prompt access to legal and other appropriate assistance, as well as theright to challenge the legality of the deprivation of his or her liberty

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before a court or other competent, independent and impartial authority,and to a prompt decision on any such action.

Article 38

1. States Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect forrules of international humanitarian law applicable to them in armed conflicts which are relevant to the child.

2. States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that persons who have not attained the age of fifteen years do not take a directpart in hostilities.

3. States Parties shall refrain from recruiting any person who hasnot attained the age of fifteen years into their armed forces. In recruitingamong those persons who have attained the age of fifteen years but whohave not attained the age of eighteen years, States Parties shall endeavourto give priority to those who are oldest.

4. In accordance with their obligations under internationalhumanitarian law to protect the civilian population in armed conflicts,States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure protection andcare of children who are affected by an armed conflict.

Article 39

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promotephysical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any otherform of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armedconflicts. Such recovery and reintegration shall take place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child.

Article 40

1. States Parties recognize the right of every child alleged as,accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treatedin a manner consistent with the promotion of the child’s sense of dignityand worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights andfundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child'sage and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and thechild’s assuming a constructive role in society.

2. To this end, and having regard to the relevant provisions ofinternational instruments, States Parties shall, in particular, ensure that:

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(a) No child shall be alleged as, be accused of, or recognized ashaving infringed the penal law by reason of acts or omissions that werenot prohibited by national or international law at the time they were committed;

(b) Every child alleged as or accused of having infringed thepenal law has at least the following guarantees:

(i) To be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law;(ii) To be informed promptly and directly of the charges

against him or her, and, if appropriate, through his or her parents or legalguardians, and to have legal or other appropriate assistance in the preparation and presentation of his or her defence;

(iii) To have the matter determined without delay by a competent, independent and impartial authority or judicial body in a fairhearing according to law, in the presence of legal or other appropriateassistance and, unless it is considered not to be in the best interest of thechild, in particular, taking into account his or her age or situation, his or herparents or legal guardians;

(iv) Not to be compelled to give testimony or to confessguilt; to examine or have examined adverse witnesses and to obtain theparticipation and examination of witnesses on his or her behalf underconditions of equality;

(v) If considered to have infringed the penal law, to havethis decision and any measures imposed in consequence thereofreviewed by a higher competent, independent and impartial authority orjudicial body according to law;

(vi) To have the free assistance of an interpreter if the childcannot understand or speak the language used;

(vii) To have his or her privacy fully respected at all stages ofthe proceedings.

3. States Parties shall seek to promote the establishment of laws,procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to childrenalleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law,and, in particular:

(a) The establishment of a minimum age below which childrenshall be presumed not to have the capacity to infringe the penal law;

(b) Whenever appropriate and desirable, measures for dealingwith such children without resorting to judicial proceedings, providingthat human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected.

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4. A variety of dispositions, such as care, guidance and supervisionorders; counselling; probation; foster care; education and vocational trainingprogrammes and other alternatives to institutional care shall be availableto ensure that children are dealt with in a manner appropriate to theirwell-being and proportionate both to their circumstances and theoffence.

Article 41

Nothing in the present Convention shall affect any provisionswhich are more conducive to the realization of the rights of the child andwhich may be contained in:

(a) The law of a State party; or (b) International law in force for that State.

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PART II

Article 42

States Parties undertake to make the principles and provisions ofthe Convention widely known, by appropriate and active means, to adultsand children alike.

Article 43

1. For the purpose of examining the progress made by StatesParties in achieving the realization of the obligations undertaken in thepresent Convention, there shall be established a Committee on the Rightsof the Child, which shall carry out the functions hereinafter provided.

2.The Committee shall consist of ten experts of high moral standingand recognized competence in the field covered by this Convention.The members of the Committee shall be elected by States Parties fromamong their nationals and shall serve in their personal capacity,consideration being given to equitable geographical distribution, as wellas to the principal legal systems. (amendment)

3. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons nominated by States Parties. Each State Partymay nominate one person from among its own nationals.

4.The initial election to the Committee shall be held no later thansix months after the date of the entry into force of the present Conventionand thereafter every second year. At least four months before the date ofeach election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address aletter to States Parties inviting them to submit their nominations withintwo months. The Secretary-General shall subsequently prepare a list inalphabetical order of all persons thus nominated, indicating States Partieswhich have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties tothe present Convention.

5. The elections shall be held at meetings of States Parties convened by the Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters. Atthose meetings, for which two thirds of States Parties shall constitute aquorum, the persons elected to the Committee shall be those who obtainthe largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of therepresentatives of States Parties present and voting.

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6. The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term offour years.They shall be eligible for re-election if renominated.The term offive of the members elected at the first election shall expire at the end oftwo years; immediately after the first election, the names of these fivemembers shall be chosen by lot by the Chairman of the meeting.

7. If a member of the Committee dies or resigns or declares thatfor any other cause he or she can no longer perform the duties of theCommittee, the State Party which nominated the member shall appointanother expert from among its nationals to serve for the remainder of theterm, subject to the approval of the Committee.

8. The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure.9. The Committee shall elect its officers for a period of two years.10. The meetings of the Committee shall normally be held at

United Nations Headquarters or at any other convenient place as determined by the Committee. The Committee shall normally meet annually. The duration of the meetings of the Committee shall be determined, and reviewed, if necessary, by a meeting of the States Partiesto the present Convention, subject to the approval of the General Assembly.

11. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide thenecessary staff and facilities for the effective performance of the functionsof the Committee under the present Convention.

12. With the approval of the General Assembly, the members ofthe Committee established under the present Convention shall receiveemoluments from United Nations resources on such terms and conditionsas the Assembly may decide.

Article 44

1. States Parties undertake to submit to the Committee, throughthe Secretary-General of the United Nations, reports on the measures theyhave adopted which give effect to the rights recognized herein and on theprogress made on the enjoyment of those rights:

(a) Within two years of the entry into force of the Conventionfor the State Party concerned;

(b) Thereafter every five years.2. Reports made under the present article shall indicate factors

and difficulties, if any, affecting the degree of fulfilment of the obligationsunder the present Convention. Reports shall also contain sufficient

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information to provide the Committee with a comprehensive understandingof the implementation of the Convention in the country concerned.

3. A State Party which has submitted a comprehensive initialreport to the Committee need not, in its subsequent reports submittedin accordance with paragraph 1 (b) of the present article, repeat basicinformation previously provided.

4. The Committee may request from States Parties further information relevant to the implementation of the Convention.

5. The Committee shall submit to the General Assembly, throughthe Economic and Social Council, every two years, reports on its activities.

6. States Parties shall make their reports widely available to thepublic in their own countries.

Article 45

In order to foster the effective implementation of the Conventionand to encourage international co-operation in the field covered by theConvention:

(a) The specialized agencies, the United Nations Children’sFund, and other United Nations organs shall be entitled to be representedat the consideration of the implementation of such provisions of the present Convention as fall within the scope of their mandate. TheCommittee may invite the specialized agencies, the United NationsChildren’s Fund and other competent bodies as it may consider appropriate to provide expert advice on the implementation of theConvention in areas falling within the scope of their respective mandates.The Committee may invite the specialized agencies, the United NationsChildren’s Fund, and other United Nations organs to submit reports on theimplementation of the Convention in areas falling within the scope oftheir activities;

(b) The Committee shall transmit, as it may consider appropriate,to the specialized agencies, the United Nations Children’s Fund and othercompetent bodies, any reports from States Parties that contain a request,or indicate a need, for technical advice or assistance, along with theCommittee’s observations and suggestions, if any, on these requests orindications;

(c) The Committee may recommend to the General Assembly torequest the Secretary-General to undertake on its behalf studies on specific issues relating to the rights of the child;

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(d) The Committee may make suggestions and general recommendations based on information received pursuant to articles 44and 45 of the present Convention. Such suggestions and general recommendations shall be transmitted to any State Party concerned andreported to the General Assembly, together with comments, if any, fromStates Parties.

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PART III

Article 46

The present Convention shall be open for signature by all States.

Article 47

The present Convention is subject to ratification. Instruments ofratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations.

Article 48

The present Convention shall remain open for accession by anyState. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article 49

1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtiethday following the date of deposit with the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession.

2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after thedeposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession, theConvention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the deposit bysuch State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

Article 50

1. Any State Party may propose an amendment and file it with theSecretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shallthereupon communicate the proposed amendment to States Parties, witha request that they indicate whether they favour a conference of StatesParties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposals. Inthe event that, within four months from the date of such communication,at least one third of the States Parties favour such a conference, theSecretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of theUnited Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of States Partiespresent and voting at the conference shall be submitted to the GeneralAssembly for approval.

2. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of thepresent article shall enter into force when it has been approved by the

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General Assembly of the United Nations and accepted by a two-thirdsmajority of States Parties.

3. When an amendment enters into force, it shall be binding onthose States Parties which have accepted it, other States Parties still beingbound by the provisions of the present Convention and any earlieramendments which they have accepted.

Article 51

1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall receive andcirculate to all States the text of reservations made by States at the time ofratification or accession.

2. A reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of thepresent Convention shall not be permitted.

3. Reservations may be withdrawn at any time by notification tothat effect addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, whoshall then inform all States. Such notification shall take effect on the dateon which it is received by the Secretary-General

Article 52

A State Party may denounce the present Convention by writtennotification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Denunciationbecomes effective one year after the date of receipt of the notification bythe Secretary-General.

Article 53

The Secretary-General of the United Nations is designated as the depositary of the present Convention.

Article 54

The original of the present Convention, of which the Arabic,Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic,shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

IN WITNESS THEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries, beingduly authorized thereto by their respective governments, have signed thepresent Convention.


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This translation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights ofthe Child is a response to the request of an orphaned Karen boy fora copy in his own language. The book includes an illustrated children-friendly summary of the rights in the Convention, as well asthe full text in Karen and English, with a Foreword by Professor JaapDoek, the Chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child.

Children who know their rights and duties will learn to respect therights of others and become responsible adults.sible adults.

Documents

CRC - Karen version