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Unit 5 Vocabulary Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, &

LandformsTerm Definition in your own

words Illustration (drawing)

Alfred Wegner

AnticlineAn upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust.

Asthenosphere

BatholithA mass of igneous rock that is formed when a large body

of magma cools inside the crust.

Cinder Volcano

Unit 5 VocabularyTerm Definition in your own

words Illustration (drawing)

Composite Volcano

A volcano made of alternating layers of lava and ash; also

called a stratovolcano

Compressional Stress

Continental Drift

The gradual movement of

continents across the Earth's surface through geological

time.

Convergent Boundary

DeformationA change in the

volume or shape of Earth's crust due to

stresses

Unit 5 VocabularyTerm Definition in your own

words Illustration (drawing)

Dike

Divergent Boundary

The boundary between two plates

that are moving away from each

other

Epicenter

FaultA crack in Earth's

crust resulting from the displacement of

one side with respect to the other

Flood Basalt

Unit 5 VocabularyTerm Definition in your own

words Illustration (drawing)

FocusThe point beneath

Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and

causes an earthquake

Hot Spot

IsostasyThe concept that Earth's crust is

floating in gravitational

balance upon the mantle.

Isostatic Adjustment

Isostatic Rebound

When weight is taken off of the crust

and the crust adjusts itself and

rises upward.

Unit 5 VocabularyTerm Definition in your own

words Illustration (drawing)

Laccolith

LithosphereThe rigid layer of Earth made up of

the uppermost part of the mantle and

the crust.

Lithospheric Plate

Modified Mercalli Intensity

Scale

The scale used to measure the

intensity of an earthquake; has a range of I (1) to XII

(12)

Mountain Building

Unit 5 VocabularyTerm Definition in your own

words Illustration (drawing)

Normal FaultA type of fault where

the hanging wall slides downward;

caused by tension in the crust

Ocean Ridge

Orogeny The process of mountain building

Pluton

Pressure

The amount of force exerted per unit area of

a surface. Ex: The weight of the crust puts pressure on a volcanic

magma chamber, which helps to create

metamorphic rock.

Unit 5 VocabularyTerm

Definition in your own words Illustration (drawing)

Primary(P) Waves

Pyroclastic Material

The volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and

blocks

Reverse Fault

Richter ScaleA scale that rates an

earthquake's magnitude based on

the size of its seismic waves.

Secondary(S) Wave

Unit 5 VocabularyTerm

Definition in your own words Illustration (drawing)

Seismic Wave

Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an

earthquake

Seismogram &

Seismograph

Seismology The study of earthquakes

Shear

Shield Volcano

A wide gentle sloping volcano

made of layers of lava and formed by

quiet eruptions.

Unit 5 VocabularyTerm Definition in your own

words Illustration (drawing)

Sill

Strain / Stress

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume

Strike-Slip Fault

Subduction Zone

The region where oceanic plates sink

down into the asthenosphere when

oceanic and continental plates meet

Surface Waves

TermDefinition in your own

words Illustration (drawing)

Syncline A downward fold in rock formed by compression in

Earth's crust

Tensional Stress

Transform Boundary

Appears when tectonic plates slide

past one another (ex. San Andreas

fault).

Transform Fault

Volcanic / Island Arc

Newly formed land consisting of an arc-

shaped chain of small volcanic

islands

Unit 5 Vocabulary