Course Code & Title: 0230503-Bakterial Genetics Name of the …cdn.hitit.edu.tr/fbe/files/89371_1610111417852.pdf · 2018-12-07 · Snyder, L., Champness, W., Molecular Genetics of

Course Code & Title: 0230501 Techniques Used in Molecular Biology I Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn

Teaching Methods Credits

Theory Recite Lab. Project/AreaStudy/Homework Quiz Mid

Term Final Total NationalCredit

ECTSCredits

I 42 - - 61 30 35 72 240 3 8Language Turkish

Grade of the Lecture College () Undergraduate ()Graduate

M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To teach techniques used in molecular biologyDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP1, CP2, CP3, CP6, CP7

Learning Outcomes

1- To learn the basic methods which used in molecular biology2- To understand the methods which used in seperation and purification of macromolecules(DNA, RNA

and protein) that give information experimental methods3- To learn the PCR basic prenciples and types of learning

Learning Methods andTechniques Lecture, Question-Answer, Discussion, Presentation, Problem Solving, Simulation, Seminar, Homework, Project

Assessment Criteria

(X) mark Percent (%)Midterm Exams X 20

Quizzes X 5Homeworks X 5

Projects X 10Term Paper

Laboratory Work…

Final Exam X 60Week Subjects

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Homogenization Methods; Physical methodsChemical methods SeparationPurification and analyzing methodsFiltrationDialyze; LyophylizationPrecipitation; Enzyme applications; CentrifugeMIDTERM EXAMSChromatography; Electrophoresis; Spectral methodsUsage of radioisotopes; Immunological methods; Nucleic acid hybridizationElectron microscocp; Structural analysis; DNA extraction and analysisDigestion of DNA; Practical uses of restriction enzymesExtraction of RNA and analysis Total RNA extraction and analysisTransformation of bacteria, Amplification of DNA by PCR; Principles of PCR and types of PCRFINAL EXAMS

Course Book & References

1. Moleküler Biyolojide Kullanılan Teknikler, Prof. Dr. Güler Temizkan, Doç. Dr.Mazlı Arda, Nobel tıp kitapevleri,20042. Molecular Clonning, A Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook, E. F. Fritsch, T. Maniatis3. Pricnipals of Gene Manupulations, 2001, S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman and R.W. Old, sixth edition, BlackwellScience4. Lecture notes

Course Code & Title: 0230503-Bakterial Genetics Name of the Department / Programme: BIOLOGY MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -

Course Objectives To teach genetic structure of bacteria, methods of transfer of genetic material and uses in medicine andindustry.

Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture

CP-1, CP-2, CP-6

Learning Outcomes

1- To teach the establish ability of theorical and practical genetic experiments at genetcs.2- To know the prokaryotic genome organization and its organization3- To know for production application in medicine, industry and the other areas of prokaryotic

organisms.Learning Methods andTechniques Lecture, Question-Answer, Discussion, Presentation, Problem Solving, Simulation, Seminar, Homework, Project

Assessment Criteria

(X) mark Percent (%)Midterm Exams

QuizzesAssignments


Laboratory Work…


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History of bacterial genetics and importance of bacteria in genetic studiesThe genetic structure of bacterial cells (genome structure) bacteriophageplasmids, transpozoon, cosmid vectors;Replication mechanism of bacteria and replication-reproduction relationshipsGene expression in bacteria (transcription and translation) and regulation of gene expressionOperonsMIDTERM EXAMSTransformation; Conjugation;TransductionMutations and mutagensRepair mechanisms in bacteriaMutant using areaUsage of bacterial genetics in medicine, industry and other areasFINAL EXAMS

Course Book & References1.http://www. ratsteachmicro.com/B acterial _Genetics/HCOE _CAI _Review _Notes _Bacterial _Genetics.htm2. Snyder, L., Champness, W., Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Amazon, 20073. Lecture notes

Course Code & Title: 0230505 Industrial Biotechnology Name of the Department / Programme: Biology Department

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits


Grade of the Lecture College () Undergraduate () GraduateM.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()

Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -

Course Objectives An interdisciplinary field of science and the importance of the location of the engineering applications ofbiotechnology introduce.


CP1, CP3, CP6, CP8

Learning Outcomes

1-Obtaining detailed information in terms of operating principles fermenters.2-Industrial microorganisms and their isolation and to obtain technical information on their development,recognition of fermentation products.3-Getting information aobut products of fermentation processes and it’s application areas.


Assessment Criteria




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Importance and definition of biotechnologyStudy and application areas of industrial biotechnology and environmental biotechnologyBiotechnology and biosafetyBiotechnological culturesMorphology and chemical composition of microorganismsMicrobial metabolismMIDTERM EXAMIndustrial biotechnology and bioreactorsBiosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolic productsBiotechnological methods of organic acids the biosynthesisProduction of biopolymersPolysaccharide productionProduction of ethanol as a source of bioenergy, Bioenergy productionFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References1. Microbial Biotechnology, A. N. , Glazer, H. Nikaido, 1994. Freem New York USA.2. Environmental Biotechnology, A. Scragg, 1999. Copyright License Agency Ltd. London3. Course Notes

Course Code & Title: 0230507 Molecular Evolution Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To explore the mechanisms of molecular evolution as an interdisciplinary associationDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture

CP1, CP2, CP3, CP6, CP11

Learning Outcomes1- Understanding the molecular basis of evolution2- Understanding the evolution takes place at the level of population3- To learn the evolution mechanisms


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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Molecular evolutionGene structure, genetic codesMutationDynamics of genes in populationsEvolutionary change in nucleotide sequencesEstimating the number of nucleotide substitutions between sequencesMIDTERM EXAMSMolecular phylogenetics: Methods ExamplesRates and patterns of nucleotide substitution;Molecular clocks DNA polymorphism in populationsEvolution by gene duplication and domain shuffling Concerted evolution of multigene familiesEvolution by transposition and horizontal transferGenome organization and evolution; Roles of mutation and selection in molecular evolutionFINAL EXAMS


1. Molecular evolution, 1997,Wen-Hsiung Li, Sineauer Associates, Inc. , Publishers, Sunderland, USA2. Evolutionary analysis, 2001, Scott Freeman and Jon C. Herron,Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. USA3. Kalıtım ve Evrim, 2001, Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy, Meteksan Anonim Şti. Ankara4. Lecture Notes

Course Code & Title: 0230509 Plant Biotechnology Name of the Department / Programme: BIOLOGY MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives Biotechnology applications with tissue culture methods.Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture

CP-1, CP-2, CP-8

Learning Outcomes

1- Establishment of tissue culture techniques in laboratory and teaching of plant biology applicationareas.

2- To reveal of plant tissue culture techniques in biology and economic importance3- The establishment of tissue culture laboratory experiments, observation, interpretation of results

and discussion of the results4- Holds an important place in the industry in the use of tissue culture techniques for the production of

secondary metabolites in the use of tissue culture techniques to teach


Assessment Criteria

(X) mark Percent (%)Midterm Exams 2

QuizzesAssignments


Laboratory Work…


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Basic application areas of plant tissue culturesBasic techniques used in tissue culturesMedias used in tissue culturesCulture conditionsPlanning experiments and data analysisMicroscop and screening methods;MIDTERM EXAMSSafety in laboratoryOrganogenesis; somatic embryogenesis; protoplast cultures and somatic hybridization;Production of haploid plants;Production of plants without diseasesProduction of secondary metabolitesMicro propagation; Embryo cultures; Somaclonal variationFINAL EXAM


1. Bitki Biyoteknolojisi,DokuKültürü veUygulamaları, 2001,Mehmet Babaoğlu, EkremGürel veSebahattin Özcan, S. Ü. Vakfı Yayınları, Konya2. Bitki BiyoteknoloJisi, GenetikMühendisliği ve Uygulamaları, 2001, Sebahattin Özcan, Ekrem Gürel veMehmet Babaoğlu, S. Ü. Vakfı Yayınları, Konya3. Plant Biotechnology And Transgenic Plants, 2002, Kırsı-Marja Oksmah-CaldenteyWolfgang H.Barz,Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY, USA4. Lecture Notes

Course Code & Title: 0230511 Ecological Agriculture Name of the Department / Programme:

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To give information about echological farming which ade by organic methodsDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture PY.1, PY.2, PY.5, PY.6

Learning Outcomes

1- Understand the importance of ecological agriculture2- To know the requirements of the implementation of ecological agriculture3- The learning methods applied in ecological agriculture4- To establish the relationship ecological agriculture between ecology and biodiversity


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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Friendly production with naturesClosed Systems; Inoculation turnIn plant production; Usable methods in plough the minimum amount of soilStudies to improve the protection and increase the soil fertilityUsing natural fertilizers instead of artificial fertilizersSelection of plant varieties and sustainable and healthy seedsMIDTERM EXAMSSuitable inoculation-saw methodsUsing ecological methods and inputs instead of chemical inputs in plant protectionTo carry out harvesting, storage, processing and packaging activities according to ecological methodsAnimal production; Raising healthy animals, Suitable barn conditionsBenefits organics feedings, Ecological suitability of selection of breeds and racesEcological Agriculture in Turkey; Legal frames, Control and certification; Production and reprentationFINAL EXAMS


1. http://www.bugday.org/category.php?ID=322. Echology and Enviroment science, 2001,Doç.Dr.Mine Kışlalıoğlu ve Prof.Dr. Fikret Berkes, Remzi Bookstore,İstanbul3. Echological Problems ans Solving, Prof. Dr. Necmettin Çepel, 2002, TÜBİTAK, Ankara4. Course Notes

Course Code & Title: 0230513 Molecular Biology of The Cell Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To be addressed in the cell functioning and organization at the molecular levelDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, CP-6, CP-7

Learning Outcomes

1- To learn the cell analysis methods2- To have information about basic components of the cell structure3- Learning the synthesis of organic compounds in the cell4- Understanding the mechanism of cell energy


Assessment Criteria


QuizzesHomeworks X 40

ProjectsTerm Paper

Laboratory Work…


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Methods of cell examinationGeneral features of the cellThe structure of the cell, the cytoplasm and nucleusCell skeletonCells to attach to each other and the extracellular matrixNucleic asidesMIDTERM EXAMSProtein synthesisBiosynthesis of lipids and proteinsCell signaling systemsCell divisionMove to the cell membraneEnergy change.FINAL EXAMS


1. Molecular Biology Of The Cell, 1994, Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff,Keith Roberts, James D.Watson, Garland Publishing, NY. USA

2. Moleküler Hücre Biyolojisi, 2006, Prof. Dr. Hasan Veys, Güneş, Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir3. Molecular Biology of The Gene, 2004,James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen P. Bell,

Alexander Gann, Michael Levine and Richard Losick, Pearson Benjamin Cummings-CSHLPRESS, USA

4. Genes VII, 2000, Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Pres5. Moleküler biyoloji, 2007, Ahmet Yıldırım, Fevzi Bardakçı,Mehmet Karataş, Bahattin Tanyolaç,

Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara6. An Introduction to Genetic Analsis, 2000, Anthony J. F. Griffiths, Jeffrey H. Miller, David T.

Suzuki, Richard C. Lewontin,WilliamM. Gelbart,W. H. Freeman and Company, NY. USA

Course Code & Title: 0230515 Plasmids Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives The types of plasmids and the use of in practiceDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, CP-6

Learning Outcomes1- Learning the properties of plasmids as extrachromosomal genetic elements2- To have information about the use of plasmids in Biotechnology and genetic engineering

applicationsLearning Methods andTechniques Lecture, Question-Answer, Discussion, Presentation, Problem Solving, Simulation, Seminar, Homework, Project

Assessment Criteria



ProjectsTerm Paper

Laboratory Work…


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General features of plasmidsNatural and artificial plasmidsPurification of bacterial plasmidsPlasmid replicationUsage of plasmids in biotechnologyThe role of plasmids in genetic engineering applications,MIDTERM EXAMSThe use of plasmids in gene cloningThe use of plasmids as vectorsPlasmid vector designsWorking methods of colisins and plasmidsYeast plasmidsEngineering an efficient expression system;FINAL EXAMS


1. Plazmids a practical approach, 1990, K. G. Hardy, IRL pres, Oxford-Washıngton DC. USA2. Molecular Biology Of The Cell,1994, Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff,Keith Roberts, James D.Watson, Garland Publishing, NY. USA3. Genes VII, 2000, Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Pres4. Moleküler biyoloji, 2007, Ahmet Yıldırım, Fevzi Bardakçı,Mehmet Karataş, Bahattin Tanyolaç,Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara5. An Introduction to Genetic Analsis, 2000, Anthony J. F. Griffiths, Jeffrey H. Miller, David T.Suzuki, Richard C. Lewontin,WilliamM. Gelbart,W. H. Freeman and Company, NY. USA6. Lecture Notes

Course Code & Title: 0230517 Mutations Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives Mutation types, formation and repair mechanisms, such as those induced diseases and learning that what kindof the effects of mutations in living things.

Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, CP-6

Learning Outcomes

1- To grasp the permanent changes in genetic material that cause mutations.2- To have information about mutation agents3- To learn the mutation repair mechanisms.4- To have information about the use of mutations in scientific studies


Assessment Criteria



ProjectsTerm Paper

Laboratory Work…


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The definition and classification of mutations;Mechanisms of mutation and causing agentsThe techniques used to identify mutationsChromosome number mutationsMutations in chromosome structuresOrganizations of genes on chromosomesMIDTERM EXAMSGene mutationsRepair systems of mutationsTranspozoons and their relationships with mutationMutations in humanbeing and related disordersMutations in mitochondrial DNA.The use of mutations in scientific studiesFINAL EXAMS


1. Genetik. W. S. Klug and M.R. Cummings, Ed. Cihan Öner. Palme Yayıncılık, 2003.2. Human Molecular Genetics 2. T. Strachan, A.P. Read.Willey and Sons Publication, 2000.3. Molecular biology of the gene. J.D.Watson, T.A. Baker, S.P. Bell, A. Gann,M. Levine, R. Losick.CSHL Press, 2004.4. Lecture Notes

Course Code & Title: 0230519-Bacterial Enzymes Name of the Department / Programme: BIOLOGY MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives To gain knowledge in all areas that enzymes and secretions of microorganisms use. To teach the importance ofvarious enzymes and secretions


CP-1, CP-2, CP-4, CP-7

Learning Outcomes Bacterial enzymes; Importance of bacterial enzymes; Fungal enzymes; Importance of fungal enzymes; Betalactamaz enzymes.


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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An introduction to EnzymesWhat is Enzyme?Importance of EnzymesWhat are bacterial Enzymes- IWhat are bacterial Enzymes- IIEnzyme types -IMIDTERM EXAMEnzyme types –IIFungal Enzymes IImportance of Fungal EnzymesBeta Lactamase Enzyme-IBeta Lactamase Enzyme-IIWhich kinds of fields need to use bacterial Enzymes I, Which kinds of fields need to use bacterial Enzymes IIFINAL EXAM


1. Murray, P., R., 1995, Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th edition,Washington2. Ustaçelebi, Ş., Mutlu, G., İmir, T., Cengiz, T., Tümbay, E., Mete, Ö., 1999, Temel ve Klinik

Mikrobiyoloji, Güneş Kitabevi, İstanbul3. Lecture notes

Course Code & Title: 0230521 Biotechnological Metabolites Name of the Department / Programme: Biology departmant

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisitiesCourse Objectives Biotechnological Metabolites, formation mechanisms and to learn usage fieldsDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture

CP1, CP3, CP6, CP8

Learning Outcomes1-Getting information about biotechnological metabolites (Primary and secondary metabolites)2-Getting information about biomedicines, antibiotic production, recombinant medicines.3-Getting information about applicaiton of plant cell, tissue and organ cultures.

Learning Methods andTechniques Expression, Answer-Question,Power Point, Discussion, Solving Problem, Seminar,Homework,Project

Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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Biotechnological metabolites (PRimary and secondary metabolites)Microbial production of primary metabolites (organic acids and organic solvents)Production of secondary metabolitesBiomedicinesBiomedicinesAntibiotic productionMİDTERM EXAMSRecombinant medicines (hormones, vaccines, interferon and anticore production)Description of biotechnologyApplication areas of agricultural production.The advantages of the use of drug production and the production of plant biotechnology Tiba.Plant cell, tissue and organ culturesPlant mass production techniques in vitro, Nutrient media used in production of in vitroFINAL EXAM


1. Biotechnology: Secondary Metabolites K. G. Ramawat , J. M. Merillon ; ntroduction toBiotechnologyWilli ThiemanMichael A. PalladinoWilliam

2. Thiemanhttp://www.campusi.com/author_.htm;http://www.campusi.com/author_.htmBiotechnology of Antibiotics and Other Bioactive Microbial Metabolites Giancarlo Lancini, RolandoLorenzetti;

3. Course notes

Course Code & Title: 0230523 Growth Factors Name of the Department / Programme: Biology departmant

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives1-Getting advance information about growth factors.2-İnforming the growth factors trombosit and vessel endotel origin.3-Effect of growth factors to tumor formation.

Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP3, CP6, CP8

Learning OutcomesClassification of growth factors; Structures; Physiological roles; Growth factors; neurological growthfactors; Trombosite based growth factors; vascular endothelium growth factors; Transformer growthfactors; Inhibin; Epidermal growth factor; Insulin like growth factors; Tumour necrosis factor.


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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Classification of growth factorsStructurePhysiological rolesGrowth factorsNerve growth factorsPlatelet-derived growth factorMİDTERM EXAMTransforming growth factorsİnhibinEpidermal growth factorEpidermal growth factorInsulin-like growth factorTumor necrosis factorFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References 1. Mckay I, leigh I. Growth Factors Apractical Approach. Oxford University Pres. 1993

Course Code & Title: 0230525 Faunistic Research Techniques Name of the Department / Programme: Department of Biology

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities

Course Objectives Grasp the techniques used in faunistic studies, to grasp computer programs and achieve to use of thesetecniques and programs

Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-5, CP-7, CP-8

Learning Outcomes 1-To learn techniques used in faunistic studies2-To learn zoological data collection programs


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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Introduction faunistic studiesPreparatİon stages prior to the studyEquipments used in the studiesFauna research and follow-up programTechniques of making significiant data from the resultGraphing of data and reading graphMIDTERM EXAMData programmes and general features of the programsZoological data collection and the use of the program OrthopteraZoological data collection and the use of the program Mantis DBThe use of Office programme to compilate anad evaluate dataAn overwiev to mapping programmesThe use of Arcview GIS program for faunistic studies, To program a faunustic study from start to finishFINAL EXAM


1. Koyuncu, B., et al., Temel Bilgisayar Eğitimi, Ankara, 2007.2. Gürkan, O., Microsoft OFFICE 2007 Kitabı – Nirvana, İstanbul, 2008.3. Naskrecki, P.Mantis v. 2.0 -AManager of Taxonomic Information and Specimens.URL:http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/mantis, 2008.

Course Code & Title: 0230527 Principles of Systematic Zoology Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives To learn about the main bases of systematics and taxonomy and to provide skills of nomenclature.

Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-1, CP-4, CP-6, CP-11

Learning Outcomes1- To possess general information on theoretical and practical information about systematics2- To gain knowledge about branches of systematics3- To become equipped with the knowledge of methods used in systematics


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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Description and history of SystematicSystematics and taxonomyRelations with other branches of the tasks of systematics and biologyTaxonomic charactersTaxonomic categoriesVariations taxonomicMIDTERM EXAMTaxonomic studiesTaxonomic publicationsInternational rules of animal nomenclatureInternational rules of animal nomenclatureHomonymSynonym and type conceptsFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References 1. Lodos, N., Sistematik Zoolojinin prensipleri ve yayın teknikleri. Ege Üniversitesi yayınları. 1981.2. Yılmaz, İ., Sistematiğin esasları. İzmir, 2000.

Course Code & Title: 0230529- HISTORY OF BIOLOGY Name of the Department / Programme: BIOLOGY MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course ObjectivesTo provide information about the historical development of the science of biology and to understand theevolutionary development of the information.


CP-1, CP-8, CP-12

Learning Outcomes1-To learn how the biological researchs began2-To learn about works of scientists who contributed to the evolution of these disciplines3-To gain information about biological researches made in Türkiye


Assessment Criteria




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Antiques civilizationsAntiques civilizationsScience in antique Rome and GreekAncient Roman and Greek scientistsHistory of anatomy,History of evolution theory,Histology of physiology,MIDTERM EXAMMicrobiology and agricultureHistory of biology in Turkey,History of biology in Turkey,Theorys,Theorys, Nobel rewardsFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References1. Şahin, Y., Biyolojide geçmişe yolculuk,Ankara, 2008.2. Journalof theHistoryofBiology (Biomedical and Life Sciences, Humanities, Social Sciences and

Law,PhilosophyandPhilosophy of Biology)- Publisher .Springer Netherlands

Course Code & Title: 0230531 PREPARATION TECHNIQUES OF INSECTGENITAL Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives Presentation and examination of the genital organs of the taxonomic importance of insects, to teachphotography and drawing techniques

Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-1,CP-11

Learning Outcomes

1-To remove and preparation dry and wet material of male and female genital organs.2-General information about the structure of the genital organs.3-General information about the genitals of the various insect teams.4-to be drawn and examination of genitalia.


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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To remove and preparation dry and wet material of male and female genital organsTo remove and preparation dry and wet material of male and female genital organsTo remove and preparation dry and wet material of male and female genital organsGeneral information about the structure of the genital organs.General information about the structure of the genital organs.General information about the genitals of the various insect teamsMIDTERM EXAMGeneral information about the genitals of the various insect teamsMorphology definitions about several teams of insects' genitalsSeveral examples of insect s were obtained genitals and Prepared for examinationSeveral examples of insect s were obtained genitals and Prepared for examinationSeveral examples of insect s were obtained genitals and Prepared for examinationSeveral examples of insect s were obtained genitals and Prepared for examinationFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References1. Lectue Notes2. Tuxen, L., at. Al, 1970. Taxonomist's Glossary of Genitalia in Insects (2nd ed.) Tuxen SL (ed.). Munksgaard,Copenhagen. 359.

Course Code & Title: 0230533 Systematics of Aquatic Insects Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives To knowledge of insects Systematics in living aquatic areas.


Learning Outcomes

1-Obtains information about the aquatic insects2-Understand the fundamentals of the development, biology, morphology, and ecology of aquatic insects3-Obtains information about the effects of water pollution on aquatic insects4-Understand the fundamental role that aquatic insect populations play in ecological communities5-Understand the importance of the protection of water sources


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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An overview to aquatic insects and living areasMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of EphemeropteraMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of EphemeropteraMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of OdonataMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of OdonataMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of PlecopteraMIDTERM EXAMMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of PlecopteraMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of aquatic HeteropteraMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of aquatic HeteropteraMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of aquatic ColeopteraMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of aquatic DipteraMorphology, biology, distribution and systematics of TrichopteraFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References1. Demirsoy,A.,Yaşamın temel kuralları,Omurgasızlar/Böcekler, Entomoloji, Cilt 2-kısım2,Ankara, 1990.2. Resh, V., Carde, R., Encyclopedia of insects, 2003

Course Code & Title: 0230535 Holometabol Insects Name of the Department / Programme: Department of Biology

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisitiesCourse Objectives To learn aboutholometabol insectsDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-2, CP-6,CP-7, CP-11

Learning Outcomes 1-To learn the characteristics and classification of Holometabol insects2-To learn the distributed, morphology and biology of Holometabol insects


Assessment Criteria




Laboratory Work…


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Holometabol developing insects’ ordo and classificationGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of EphemeropteraGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of RaphidiopteraGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of PlanipenniaGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of MecopteraGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of DipteraMIDTERM EXAMSGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of MegalopteraGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of HymenopteraGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of ColeopteraGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of LepidopteraGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of LepidopteraGeneral characteristics, morphology, distribution, biology and classification of TrichopteraFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References 1. Demirsoy,A.,Yaşamın temel kuralları,Omurgasızlar/Böcekler, Entomoloji, Cilt 2-kısım2, Ankara, 1990.2. Resh, V., Carde, R., Encyclopedia of insects, 2003.

Course Code & Title: 0230537 Taxonomy Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To teach and implementation of the International rules of zoological nomenclature and taxonomy.Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-1, CP-2,CP-3

Learning Outcomes

1-Learns the history and the basic principles of taxonomy2-Realises the difficulties a taxonomist may face3-Learns the history and the basic principles of classification4-Entitles the taxonomic categories5-Learns the international rules of animal nomenclature6-Explores and digs the taxonomic researchs


Assessment Criteria




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Basic concept used in taxonomy and today's state of animal systematicWork done by a taxonomist, Taxonomic CategoriesWhat is the species term? How was the historical development of taxonomy?Categories of subspecies, concept of supspecies, variety, strainsWhat is the taxonomic character?The importance of variation in TaxonomyMIDTERM EXAMTaxonomic Studies, Publishing and NomenclatureTaxonomic Studies, Publishing and NomenclatureWhat are the international rules of zoological nomenclature and types used in taxonomy?Nomenclature of family, genus, speciesWhat are synonym and homonym? How are they considered according to rules?,Application of international rules of zoological nomenclature Interpretation of sample problemsFINAL EXAM


1. Lectue Notes2. Yılmaz, İ. 1997. Taksonomik Zoolojinin Prensip ve Metodları. Oran Yayıncılık, İzmir. 209.3. Lodos,N.,Önder,N. 1985.Uluslar arası Zooloji İsimlendirmeYasası. EgeÜniversitesi ZiraatFakültesi Yayınları No: 472. İzmir. 204.4. ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th Edition). xxx + 306.mICZN,London.

Course Code & Title: 0230539 Insect Physiology-I Name of the Department / Programme: Biology departmant

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To teach the basic concepts of Insect Physiology.Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP1, CP3, CP6

Learning Outcomes

1-Knowing the goal and scope of insect physiology2-Knowing requirements of insect physiologist3-Learning structure and mission of insect integument4-Comprehending physiology of systems in insects


Assessment Criteria




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History insect physiology,Cuticle structure and functionThe kit, Sklerotin, cuticle pigmentationSecretory system of insectsSecretory organs of insectsTrachea and tracheol physiologyMIDTERM EXAMSOxygen diffusion in InsectsStructure and function of urate cells in insectsOsmotic pressure regulation of InsectsReabsorption of waterBack to the absorption in ColitisFeeding mechanism, Different energy sources various insectsFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References1.Wiggleshworth,V.b., “The Principles of Insect Physiology “MethevenCo. Ltd.DuttonCo.İnc.19652. Kerkut, G.A.,Gilbert, L.I., “Coprehensive Insect Physiology Pharmachy2 Pergamon Pres,19853. Roeder, D.K., 1953. Insect Physiology. Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London. 1100.

Course Code & Title: 0230541-Advanced Mycology-I Name of the Department / Programme: Department of Biology

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course ObjectivesGeneral characteristics of fungi, grouping, reproductive structures, materials collection methods, to provideinformation about method of transport to the lab. To provide information about laboratory procedures(diagnostic pre / post), the macroscopic and microscopic analysis, diagnostics and storage conditions.


CP-6, CP-7, CP-11

Learning Outcomes

1- To learn general structure and characteristics of fungi2- To learns the collection style of mushrooms from different environments.3- To learn technique for Long-Term preservation of fungi4- Have information about mold fungi and yeast fungi.


Assessment Criteria




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Structure and general characteristics of fungiStructure and general characteristics of fungiMaterial collection and transportation laboratory methodsIn different environments sampling and transportation Laboratory appropriate conditionsClassification of fungiReproduction of fungiLaboratory procedures (pre / post diagnostic)Macroscopic and microscopic analysisMidterm examDiagnostics and storage conditionsCandidiasis, cryptococcal and other yeast fungiMold fungiDermatophytes, Dimorphic fungi and saprophyte moldsFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References1.Gücin, F. ve Tamer, A.Ü., 1994,Mikolojiye Giriş, Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Ders Notları No:1,198 s.2.Öner,M. , 1988,Mikoloji I, E. Ü. Fen Fak. Kitaplar Serisi No:53,3. Baskı, E. Ü. Fen Fak. Baskı İşleri, İzmir.

Course Code & Title: 0230543 Comprehensive Animals Anatomy Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To teach similarities and differences of animals which are in different systematic categoriesDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture

CP-1, CP-3, CP-11

Learning Outcomes

1-To explain the comparative and functional morphologies of the vertebrates (their Ontogeny and phylogeny).2-To explain Animal symetry shapes (Homology and Analogy concepts).3-To explain the skin (integument) and its layers.4-To explain the functioning of all systems


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Basic Anatomy, Animal ClassificationsInvertebrates and vertebrates, surface protection structuresThe Skin Structure of Invertebrates and Vertebrates,Types of movementSupport structuresOuther and Inner Skeleton,MIDTERM EXAMSmooth and striated muscle structuresDigestive System,Respiratory structuresSurface, gills, trachea, lung breathsBlood vessels, the carrier fluid and the heart structures,Nephridium and kidney structures, Sexual Sructures of Animals.FINAL EXAM


1.Öktay,M., 1988.OmurgalıHayvanlarınKarşılaştırmalıAnatomisi, İstanbulÜniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yay. 203,384 s.2.Atatür,M.,Kaya,U., 2002.OmurgalılarınKarşılaştırmalıAnatomisi, EgeÜni. Fen Fak.Yay.Ders Kitapları Serisi,180, İzmir, 183 s3.Çağlar,M., 1974. Omurgasız Hayvanlar:Anatomi Sistematik, İstanbul Üniv.Yay. 1906, Fen Fak Yay. 123.İstanbul, 419 s.4. Demirsoy, A., 2003. Yaşamın Temel Kuralları Cilt 1/I,II, Metaksan Yayınları, Ankara.

Course Code & Title: 0230545 Chromosome and ChromosomeMovement Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To inform students about cell division, chromosomes and chromosome movements.Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture

CP-1, CP-2, CP-5, CP-7

Learning Outcomes

1-To have knowledge about the relationship between DNA, chromatid and chromosome structures2-To have information about the differences in living things and chromosome structure3-To knowledge about the role of chromosomes in genetic diversity of living things4-To have information about changes in the number of chromosomes and mutations in living things5-To have information about karyotype analysis and chromosome banding techniques6-To knowledge about the effects of chromosomal abnormalities in humans


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The structure of DNAThe Structure of the ChromosomThe Morphology of the Heterochromatin and the EuchromatineThe Morphology of the Heterochromatin and the EuchromatineThe number of ChromosomesThe Differencies at SpeciesMIDTERM EXAMThe Gigant ChromosomesKaryotypesChromosome bandingChromosome bandingChromosome bandingThe Chromosomes Movement at the Cell Divisions, PolyploidiFINAL EXAM


1.Brachet, J., 1985, Molecular Biology, V.I. The Cell Cycle, Academic Pres, Inc., London, 424p.2.Hopkins, C.R., 1978, Structure and Function of Cells,W.B. Saunders Comp. Ltd., London, 226p.3.Karol, S., 2000, Hücre Biyolojisi. A.Ü.Fen Fakültesi, Ankara, 4. baskı 374s.4.Karp, G.,1984, Cell Biology ,Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, New York, 896p.5.Karol, S., Suludere, Z., 1992, Hücre çekirdeği ve Kromozomlar ,Gazi Üniv. Yayın No. 173. 23 1s.

Course Code & Title: 0230547 Insect Hormones Name of the Department / Programme: Biology departmant

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives1-Getting information about glands insect hormones secreted where.2-Getting information about action mechanisms of insect hormones.3-Informing about how hormones can affect male and female reproductive systems in insects

Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP1, CP3, CP6

Learning OutcomesInsect Hormones, Prothorasic Glands, The Corpora Allata and The Juvenile Hormone, The secretion ofHormones and the Mechanism of their Effects, Central Nervous System, Male and Female Reproductivesystems and Their Endocrine Controls.


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Insect hormonesInsect hormonesProthoracic GlandsKorporo alletaJuvenile hormonesHormone secretion in insectsMIDTERM EXAMAction mechanism of hormones in insectsAction mechanism of hormones in insectsCentral nervous systemCentral nervous systemMale and female reproductive systems in insectsHormones that affect male and female reproductive systems in insectsFINAL EXAM


1.Wiggleshworth, V.b., “The Principles of Insect Physiology “Metheven Co. Ltd.Dutton Co.İnc. 19652. Kerkut, G.A.,Gilbert, L.I., “Coprehensive Insect Physiology Pharmachy” Pergamon Pres,19853. Adams, T.S.,1975. Ovarian Regulation of the Corpus Allatum .J.Isect Physiol.4. Awasthi, v.b.,1976 Neurosecretory System of Earwig. J.Insect Physiol..

Course Code & Title: 0230549 Bakterial Metabolism Name of the Department / Programme: BIOLOGY MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To teach bacterial metabolism of use for biotechnologyDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture

CP-1, CP-2, CP-4, CP-6

Learning Outcomes

1- Savvy the intracellular and extracellular structures and functions of the bacteria2- Describe the principles of the energy-yielding and -consuming reactions and pathways in microbialmetabolism3- Distinguish and compare the different metabolic types within microorganism


Assessment Criteria




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Morphological and anatomic structure of bacteriaChemical structure of bacteriaNutrition and reproduction of bacteriaBacterial cell wall synthesisBacterial enzymes and control of enzyme synthesisBacterial energy metabolism (fermentation);MIDTERM EXAMEnergy metabolism in bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic respiration)Bacterial energy metabolism (photosynthesis)Carbohydrate biosynthesis and degradationBiosynthesis and degradation of lipidsBiosynthesis and degradation of nucleic acidsCarbohydrate biosynthesis and degradation, Factors which affect metabolism.FINAL EXAM

Course Book & References 1. Bacterial metabolism H. W Doelle; Bacterial Metabolism G. Gottschalk; Brock Biology ofMicroorganisms (10th Edition) Michael T.Madigan , JohnMartinko , Jack Parker

Course Code & Title: 0230551-Advanced Microbiology Name of the Department / Programme: Department of Biology

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives Give detailed information about the general characteristics of bacteria and microbiology.Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-1, CP-9, CP-11

Learning Outcomes

1-Be able to list the basic features of bacteria that cause human infections2-Be able to comprehend the cell structure and staining properties of bacteria3-Be able to list culture media of bacteria4-Be able to comprehend genetic structure of bacteria (non-chromosome and chromosome)


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History and development of microbiologyBacterial classification and morphologyBacterial classification and morphologyDetailed structure of bacteria cellBacterial metabolismBacterial reproductionMIDTERM EXAMBacterial reproduction techniquesBacterial identificationBacterial pathogenic productionsBacterial genetic material organizationMolecular techniques in microbiologySterilization disinfection, Fungi classification and specifications.FINAL EXAM

Course Book & References1.Kılıçturgay K. (editör).Temel Mikrobiyoloji ve Parazitoloji.Bursa Güneş &Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri2.www.mikrobiyoloji.org.tr3.Öner M. Genel Mikrobiyoloji, Ege üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi No:94, 2. Baskı 1996

Course Code & Title: 0230553 Environmental Microbiology Name of the Department / Programme: Biology departmant

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives Soil Microbiology and Biochemical Cycles, Water microbiological Loops, Water Microbiology, Air Microbiology,Some pollution Problems and to give information about Microorganisms,


CP1, CP3, CP6, CP7

Learning Outcomes

1-Consider importance of environmental microbiology and materials which damage environment.2-List the soil microorganisms and their impacts.3-Identify air microbiology.4-Make a presentation on food, industrial and enviromental microbiology.


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Nutritional types of microorganismsNutritional types of microorganismsFactors affecting the distribution of microorganisms in nature (Physical factors)Factors affecting the distribution of microorganisms in nature (Chemical factors)Factors affecting the distribution of microorganisms in nature (Biological factors)The distribution of microorganisms in the soilMİDTERM EXAMThe distribution of microorganisms in the waterThe distribution of microorganisms in the atmosphereRelationship of microorganisms between each other and other living things and biochemical stagesRelationship of microorganisms between each other and other living things and biochemical stagesExamination of some groups of microorganisms which is important in nature biotechnologyEnviromental pollution Biodegratation of enviromental pollutingFINAL EXAM


1.Manual of EnvironmentalMicrobiology Christon J.Hurst, Ronald L. Crawford;Environmental MicrobiologyRainaM.Maier, Ian L. Pepper, Charles P. Gerba2. Örgev C. environmental microbiology3.Haktanır K. Arcak S.. Enviroment Pollution, Ankara University faculty of agriculture, publicationnumber:1503. 1998 year, 323 page book4. Özçelik S. environmental microbiology. 2004 year 254 page book.

Course Code & Title: 0230555 Advanced Industrial Microbiology Name of the Department / Programme: Department of Biology

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives to provide information about microorganisms and enzymes using in industrial microbiology,the field ofindustry fermantation and food industry. to explain importance in food industry


Learning Outcomes

1-To make the definition of industrial microbiology, and industrial microbiological classification of products byapplication areas2-To understand the metabolism of microorganisms used in industrial microbiology, and be able to recognizethe need for the use of microorganisms which cause.3-To provide knowledge about the fermentation Technologies.


Assessment Criteria




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The history of uses of microbiology and microorganisms in industryProducts produced by microorganisms and the areas of their use;Products produced by microorganisms and the areas of their usesYeasts, bacteria as industrial microorganismsYeasts, bacteria as industrial microorganismsActinomycetes, microfungi and mamalion cells as industrial microorganismsMIDTERM EXAMActinomycetes, microfungi and mamalion cells as industrial microorganismsThe structure of microorganisms in industrial microbiology contextThe knowledge about functions of industrial microorganismsGrowth conditions of industrial microorganismsNutrient reguirements of industrial microorganismsMicrobiological production of biotic and some important chemicals, Production methods in industrialmicrobiologyFINAL EXAM


1. Erkmen, O. ve Bozoğlu, F. Food Microbiology 1. G.Ü.V. İlke Kitapevi2. Pamir, H. 1985. Fermentasyon Mikrobiyolojisi, Ankara Üniversitesi, No: 936, Ankara.3. Brock, T.D., “Biology ofMicroorganisms” Chapter 30. IndustrialMicrobiology. Pearson Education Inc. London(2003).4. http://www.mikrobiyoloji.org/dergi.htm

Course Code & Title: 0230557 Microorganism and Culture MediaPreparation Methods Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To research resources in the field of Biology, to teach writing graduate thesis and article.Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-3, CP-7

Learning Outcomes

1- To know the uses of micro-organisms culture,2- How to order laboratory culture of microorganisms should know the properties of materials used and thenutritional environment,3-To prepare for different broth culture medium.


Assessment Criteria




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Cell culture, history,Cultures of micro-organisms on Fundamental PrinciplesCultures of micro-organisms on Fundamental PrinciplesLocations used in cell culture,How should the layout of plant tissue culture laboratory,How should the layout of plant tissue culture laboratory,MIDTERM EXAMProperties of materials used and the nutritional environment,Properties of materials used and the nutritional environmentProperties of materials used and the nutritional environmentProperties of materials used and the nutritional environment-continuedIsolation of microorganismsMicrofabrication, Secondary metabolite productionFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References 1. Lectue Notes2. DAY, R., A. 2000. How to Write and Publish A Scientific Paper, ISI, Oryx Press. 196.

Course Code & Title: 0230559 RESEARCH AND WRITING TECHNIQUESIN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Name of the Department / Programme: Biology MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To research resources in the field of Biology, to teach writing graduate thesis and article.Developed ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, CP-5, CP-8, CP-9, CP-12

Learning Outcomes1-To provide the student can get the updated information in biology2-Making assessment of achieved knowledge3-To have sufficient information to Graduate thesis studies


Assessment Criteria




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The choice of research topic in the field of biologyThe choice of research topic in the field of biologyInvestigation of the source to gather information related to the subject,Investigation of the source to gather information related to the subject,Examination of the literature,Examination of the literatureMIDTERM EXAMEvaluation of the collected informationEvaluation of the collected informationEvaluation of the collected information,To be considered about preparing graduate thesis,To be considered about preparing graduate thesis,To teach how to be brought study ready for publication reaching conclusions.FINAL EXAM

Course Book & References 1. Lectue Notes2. DAY, R., A. 2000. How to Write and Publish A Scientific Paper, ISI, Oryx Press. 196.

Course Code & Title: 0230561- BIOMEMBRANES Name of the Department / Programme: BIOLOGY MSB

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits




Course Objectives To inform about cell membranes and intracellular membrane systems, to learn about relations betweenmembranes


CP-1, CP-2, CP-7, CP-9

Learning Outcomes

1-To understand the essential functions of biological membranes2-To define the basic functional components and chemical characteristics of the cell membrane3-To understand the basic principles of membrane biogenesis and membrane dynamics4-To plan and conduct an experimental study about biological membranes5-To prepare a presentation the project and project about biological membranes


Assessment Criteria




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Cell membraneMembrane lipidsMembrane proteinsMembrane carbohydratesCarrier proteinsIon channelsMIDTERM EXAMThe electrical properties of membranesMitochondriaEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi complex, Lysosome, PeroxisomeChloroplastNucleusFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References1.Albert, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Ealter P. 2002. Molecular Biology of The Cell. NewYork.2. Karol, S., Ayvalı, C, Suludere, Z 2000. Hücre Biyolojisi, IV. Baskı, Öğün Matbaacılık,

Course Code & Title: 0230563 Techniques of Electron Microscope Name of the Department / Programme:

SemesterAutumn




ECTSCredits



M.Sc. (X) Ph.D. ()Compulsory / Elective ElectivePrerequisities -Course Objectives To inform preparation, fixation and electron microscope techniquesDeveloped ProgrammeAdequaciess of the Lecture

CP1, CP7, CP8, CP12

Learning Outcomes1-Learning the properties of Scanning Electron Microscocp2-Understanding Preparation of hard and soft tissues for SEM, learning of fixation, cleaning, drying methods.3-Possessing knowledge about placing of specimens on stubs, covering and investigation of specimens


Assessment Criteria




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Microscope typesComparison of Light and electron microscopePreparation of buffersFixing SolutionsFixationPreparation animal sampleMIDTERM EXAMMembrane electrical propertiesrecover to water, fitted material preparation (Resins)Blocking of the sampleUltra-microtomeSemi-thin and thin sectionsStaining of sections, microscope examinationFINAL EXAM

Course Book & References 1- Audrey M. Glauert. Fixation, Dehydration and Embedding of Biological specimens, Cambridge. 1984.2- Audrey M. Glauert. Staining Methods for Sectioned Material, Cambridge. 1982.

Documents

Course Code & Title: 0230503-Bakterial Genetics Name of the …cdn.hitit.edu.tr/fbe/files/89371_1610111417852.pdf · 2018-12-07 · Snyder, L., Champness, W., Molecular Genetics of