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The purpose of correlational research is to discover relationships between two or more variables.

Correlational Research

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Correlational Research. The purpose of correlational research is to discover relationships between two or more variables. A Correlation al Study on Cohesive Devices Mastery, Locus of Control and Reading Comprehension. RESEARCH PROPOSAL. CHAPTER I: Introduction A. Background of the Study - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Correlational Research

The purpose of correlational research is to

discover relationships between two or more

variables.

Page 2: Correlational Research

A Correlational Study on Cohesive Devices Mastery, Locus of Control

and Reading Comprehension

Page 3: Correlational Research

CHAPTER I: IntroductionA. Background of the StudyB. Problem IdentificationC. Problem LimitationD. Problem StatementE. Objective of the StudyF. Benefit of the Study

Page 4: Correlational Research

CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature

A. Review of Theories 1. The nature of Reading Comprehension 2. The nature of Cohesive Devices Mastery 3. The nature of Locus of Control 4. Review of Related StudiesB. RationaleC. Hypothesis

Page 5: Correlational Research

CHAPTER III Research Methodology

A.The Place and Time of the StudyB. The Method and Design of ResearchC. Population, Sample, and SamplingD. Technique of Collecting DataE. Technique of Analyzing Data

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CHAPTER IV The Result of the Study

A. The description of the DataB. Normality and Homogeneity TestC. Hypothesis TestingD. The Discussion of the Findings

Page 7: Correlational Research

CHAPTER V Conclusion, Implication,

and Suggestion

A. ConclusionB. ImplicationC. Suggestion

Page 8: Correlational Research

The need and the importance of reading comprehension for the learners

The role of cohesive devices mastery in comprehending a text and the real condition and the problems of the students’ mastery of the cohesive devices in English teaching-learning process.

Page 9: Correlational Research

The importance of locus of control (LC) in learning. Does LC play an important role in learning and more specifically in comprehending a text? How far does it contribute to the comprehension of a text? Due to the fact, do the learners have high or low LC, what are the causes, and why?

The need of conducting the research and the urgency of the research to be carried out.

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1. Benarkah kiranya faktor-faktor kog-nitif, psikologis, dan kebahasaan memi-liki peran yg penting dlm memahami suatu bacaan? 2. Dari ketiga jenis faktor tersebut, faktor manakah yang memiliki kontribusi paling dominan? 3. Apakah pengetahuan ttg “cohesive devices” merupakan faktor yang memiliki peran cukup dominan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman bacaan?

Page 11: Correlational Research

4. Apakah lokus kontrol merupakan faktor psikologis yang memiliki kontribusi yang dominan terhadap kemampuan pemahaman bacaan? 5. Bilamana lokus kontrol dan penguasaan “cohesive devices”diangkat sebagai variabel penelitian, seberapa besarkah kontribusi masing-masing terhadap kemampuan pemahaman bacaan? 6. Apabila keduanya memiliki kontribusi yang besar terhadap kemampuan pemahaman bacaan, dapatkah faktor-faktor kognitif, psikologis dan kebahasaan yang lain diabaikan?

Page 12: Correlational Research

Dari identifikasi masalah di atas, pene-litian ini dibatasi pada faktor-faktor yang diperkirakan dapat memiliki kon-tribusi dominan terhadap kemampuan pemahaman bacaan. (1) Penguasaan “cohesive devices”mengacu pada pengua-saan “conjunction, lexical repetition, reference, dan ellipsis”.

Page 13: Correlational Research

(2) Lokus kontrol mengacu pada dimensi internal dan dimensi eksternal dari karakteristik para responden dalam menyikapi keberhasilan atau kegagalan yang mereka hadapi. (3) Pemahaman bacaan mengacu pada kemampu-an pemahaman literal, interpretif, kritis, dan pemahaman kreatif.

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1. Apakah terdapat hubungan positif antara penguasaan ‘cohesive devices’dg kemampuan pemahaman bacaan? 2. Apakah terdapat hubungan positif antara lokus kontrol dengan kemampuan pemahaman bacaan?3. Apakah terdapat hubungan positif antara penguasaan “cohesive devices” dan lokus kotrol secara bersama-sama dg kemampuan pemahaman bacaan?

Page 15: Correlational Research

Penelitian ini bertujuan utk mengetahui:1. hubungan antara penguasaan “cohesive devices” dg kemampuan pemahaman bacaan? 2. hubungan antara lokus kontrol dg kemampuan pemahaman bacaan?3. hubungan antara penguasaan “cohesive devices” dan lokus kotrol secara bersama-sama dg kemampuan pemahaman bacaan?

Page 16: Correlational Research

1. Hasil penelitian ini dpt memperkaya dunia ilmu bagi para pendidik, khususnya pengetahuan tentang peran penguasaan ‘cohesive devices’dan lokus kontrol dlm pemahaman teks bahasa Inggris. 2. Bila terbukti ada keterkaitan antara keduanya maka materi membaca bahasa Inggris disajikan secara terpadu interdisi-pliner. Aktivitas membaca tidak hanya melibatkan faktor kebahasaan semata,

Page 17: Correlational Research

namun juga harus memperhatikan atau melibatkan unsur kognitif dan psikologis3. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dipakai sebagai dasar untuk menyusun perenca-naan dan silabus pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang terpadu interdisipliner. 4. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh peneliti lain sebagai dasar penelitian lanjutan tentang pemahaman teks bahasa Inggris.

Page 18: Correlational Research

There are 3 ways of reviewing theories. First, a descriptive review. The theories are described based on the nature of each theory without giving any analysis. Second, an analytic review. This is a further step in reviewing theories. The theories that have been described are analyzed. This is a critical study on the theories to see their strengths and weaknesses.

Page 19: Correlational Research

Third, a synthetic review. In this review we compare the theories then synthesize the aspects or components and indicators of the theories that are the essence of the theories and which are relevant to our need in the research. This means that we build a construct of a research variable, which is later used as a basis to make a table of specification of the variable.

Page 20: Correlational Research

1. Reading Comprehension Ability Theories on Reading Comprehension and Comprehension Ability construct of RCA2. Mastery of Cohesive Devices Theories on Learning Mastery and Cohesive Devices contruct of MCD3. Locus of Control Theories on the Nature of Locus of Control construct of LC

Page 21: Correlational Research

A construct is written down in one compact paragraph consisting of:Definition of a certain variable.The aspects of the variable.The indicators of each aspect of the variable.

Page 22: Correlational Research

Berdasarkan berbagai teori yg telah dibahas, dpt disimpulkan bhw kemampuan pemahaman bacaan adalah kemampuan pembaca dalam memahami isi teks yg dibaca dengan memadukan pesan yang ada dalam teks dg schemata yg telah dimiliki. Kemampuan memahami teks tsb didukung oleh empat aspek pemahaman yaitu pemahaman literal, pemahaman interpretif, pemahaman kritis, dan pemahaman kreatif. Dari keempat aspek tsb, masing-masing memiliki komponen yang menjadi indikator untuk landasan penulisan butir tes.

Page 23: Correlational Research

Indikator utk aspek pemahaman literal adalah: (1) ingatan dan (2) memahami informasi eksplisit ; indikator utk aspek pemahaman interpretif adalah (1) mema- hami informasi implisit, (2) melakukan inferensi, (3) membuat analisis, dan (4) membuat aplikasi ; untuk aspek pemaham-an kritis indikatornya adalah (1) membuat evaluasi dan (2) membuat sintesis, ; serta untuk aspek pemahaman kreatif indikator-nya adalah apresiasi terhadap isi bacaan yang sedang dibaca.

Page 24: Correlational Research

ASPECT INDICATOR NUMBER OF ITEM

TOTAL

Literal MemoryExplicit Information

1, 4, 5, 8, 11 17, 25, 28, 30, 34

10

Interpretive

Implicit InformationInferenceApplicationAnalysis

35

Critical EvaluationSynthesis

10

Creative Appreciation 5 t o t a l 60

Page 25: Correlational Research

1. The Correlation between CDM (X1) and RC (Y)..... the importance of CDM in reading .......... the role of CDM in reading .......... the contribution of CDM in reading ....So it is predicted that there is correlation between CDM and RC.

Page 26: Correlational Research

2. The Correlation between LC (X2) and RC (Y)

..... the importance of LC in reading .......... the role of LC in reading .......... the contribution of LC in reading .....So it is assumed that there is correlation between LC and RC.

Page 27: Correlational Research

3. The Correlation between CDM (X1), LC (X2) and RC (Y)

..... the importance, role, contribution of X1, and X2, in reading .....

So it is assumed that there is correlation between X1, X2, and RC.

Page 28: Correlational Research

1. There is a positive correlation between students’ CDM and students’ RC.

2. There is a positive correlation between students’ LC and students’ RC.

3. There is a positive correlation between students’ CDM, and LC simultaneously toward students’ RCA.