Contemporary Global Class 2 - class outline While we are ...USA, Canada, UK: largest sectors, still growing? France: growth of new associations from 10,000 per year in the 1960s to

MAKE A NAME TAG INTRODUCE YOURSELVES TO ANYONE YOU HAVE NOT MET YET ü NAME ü YOUR NONPROFIT NGO EXPERIENCE ü WHY YOU ARE TAKING THIS COURSE

While we are waiting for everyone to come in …

(c) 2017 Sarajean Rossitto

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SARAJEAN ROSSITTO

[email protected]

Meij i Gakuin University Spring 2017

FRIDAYS 4:45 – 6:15

Contemporary Global

Issues

Class 2 - class outline

Intro ¡ questions from class #1 ÷  Class rules

1.  The background of Nonprofit NGOs

2.  Development over time

3.  Assignments for next week… 4.  Final project activity

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Remaining from class #1

�  Have you checked out the site? ¡  Class site https://meijigakuinuningoclass.wordpress.com/ ¡  Password MGUngo2017

�  Please let me know if links are broken or if you can not open any of the files – before Friday if possible

� Have you done the Class survey on the site? ¡  link on the class 1 page

�  Comments or questions

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Sample Quiz - it will not count towards your grade

10 min

At the top of your paper -  your full name & the date.

•  This �s just a sample it will not count towards your grade •  starting next week - quizzes will count towards your

grade. Not this week.


Sample Quiz - it will not count towards your grade

10 min

At the top of your paper - your full name & the date.

•  This was just a sample it will not count towards your grade •  starting next week - quizzes will count towards your grade. not this

week.


Today’s themes


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1.  What they do 2.  Varieties 3.  Why necessary 4.  Skills needed 5.  History and Trends 6.  Reasons for the recent development of NGOs 7.  Context =>Development of NGOs in Japan, US

and Canada (for next week's reading)

Reading Discussion #1 – 10 min.

Groups of 3 – who read different articles

� Give a summary of the

readings �  Share the key points � List 3 new you learned � List up any questions

1.  (long) Let’s get civil society straight: NGOs, the state, and political theory by Alan Whaites

2.  (long) What is a Non-Governmental Organization

3.  (long) Nonprofit Organizations (Definition and Examples)

4.  (long) Intro to the "The NGO Handbook", A powerful way to bring about change

5.  (short) Top 10 Things You Should Know About NGOs

6.  (short) What is a "Nonprofit"? 7.  (short) NGOs vs. Nonprofits 8.  (short) What is an NGO and What Do They Do?


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Basic overview - Discussion & presentation

1.  Terminology 2.  What are nonprofits? What

are NGOs?

3) What they do 4) Varieties 5) Why necessary 6) Skills needed

�  History and Trends �  Reasons for the recent

development of NGOs

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(c) 2017 Sarajean Rossitto 11 (c) 2017 Sarajean Rossitto 14

CIVICUS Civil Society Index (CSI)

Varieties: why so many?

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NGOs use diverse approaches to issues

issue�

Iec/bcc�

Research �

Advocacy�

Community organizing�

Service�

Training�


Garbage disposal�

Sharing data, getting people to

recycle more�

Setting recycling regs, incentives

for corp to throw away less�

Mobilizing locals to stop trash

burning�

Data gathering on conditions and impacts �

Training local community

leaders to set up own campaigns �

Picking up paper,

distributing recycling boxes �


Why NGOs do what they do is complex �& linked to the ideological approach.

Goods and service provision. Distribution of existing resources. Premise - existing structures can be used to solve the problem.

Build capacity. Develop infrastructure. Projects. Aid based. Premise - resources can be redirected or developed to solve problems.

International Development- resource focus

Social Welfare - Charity focus

Create new, develop alternate and/or change existing systems. Social change agent. Premise - existing structures are part of the problem. Bottom up change.

Transformation - Systems. Community.

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Types of orgs

�  Arts, culture, humanities (e.g., art museums, historical societies) �  Education (e.g., private schools, universities, PTAs)

�  Environment and animals (e.g., Humane Societies) �  Health, hospitals (e.g., nonprofit hospitals, the American Lung

Association) �  Human services (e.g., food banks, DV shelters)

�  International, foreign affairs (e.g., CARE, the Asia Society) �  Public support & benefit (e.g., Rockefeller Foundation, the Urban

Institute, civil rights groups ) �  Religion-related (e.g., interfaith coalitions, religious societies) �  Professional membership/benefit (e.g., nonprofit credit

unions, labor unions, fraternal organizations)


Why are they necessary?

�  1. Economic reasons

�  2. Political reasons

�  3. Sociological reasons




are NGOs?

3) What they do 4) Varieties 5) Why necessary

6) Skills needed

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Skills needed to run an effective NGO

Skills needed

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are NGOs? 3.  What they do 4.  Varieties 5.  Why necessary 6.  Skills needed

� History and Trends � Reasons for the

recent development of NGOs

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Nonprofit & NGO development

1960s Decolonialization, rights, USAID 1970s Progress? Environment, ODA 1970s-80 Televised tragedy: famine and war 1980s Networks: Anti-apartheid, Beijing

Migration 1990s Post cold war: Conflict, humanitarian

disaster relief, community-based focus, ECOSOC reg system

21st century Global Campaigns: MDGs, SDGs


History & Trends

USA, Canada, UK: largest sectors, still growing?

France: growth of new associations from 10,000 per year in the 1960s to 50-60,000 per year in the 1980s and 1990s

Italy: half of all NGOs now in existence are reportedly formed in the past 15 years.

Hungary: over 23 000 NGOs formed 1989 – 1993

Russia: more than 100 000 formed in 1990s.

The 1980s => known as the "NGO Decade” in Africa Source: The Rise and Rise of NGOs: Implications for Research http://www.svt.ntnu.no/iss/issa/0101/010109.shtml


Source: United N

ations Departm

ent of Economic and Social Affairs

Table notes: General consultative status is for N

GO

s that cover m

ost of the issues on the agenda of ECOSO

C and its subsidiary bodies. Special consultative status is for N

GO

s that only cover a few

of the fields of activity of the ECOSO

C. Organizations that apply

for consultative status but do not fit in any of the other categories can be included in the R

oster category.

Grow

th in numbers

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�  India: 1.3 ~ 2.5 M �  US: 1.5M registered nonprofits, many more unregistered �  France: 1.0~1.3M �  Australia: 60,000 registered, about 600,000 orgs �  Germany: 400-600,000 orgs of all types �  China 500,000* �  Brazil: 400,000 �  Italy 300,000 �  Peru: 100,000

Comparison – numbers today


How have these impacted nonprofit NGO development?

�  Fiscal crisis (of 1979? Of 2008?) �  Increase in conflicts�  Democratic development �  Multilateral organization growth �  Increase in private giving�  Technology (in the 1970’s, 1980’s, 1990’s, 2000’s) �  Globalization

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Nonprofit staff & vol motivation�

Altruism� Personal Interest�

Social�

Professional Career�Religious�

Philosophical�

Political�

Economic�


CIVICUS/Harvard U. Civil Society Index (CSI)

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In your group:

List up 3 things you learned List up 3 questions you have

Group discussion on my presentation

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Assignments and schedule

Class 3 4/21 �  No class next week – do extra assignment on the

Japanese nonprofit sector � There is a take home essay assignment �  Do reading assignment on how nonprofits and NGO

developed in Japan the USA, or Canada �  Send by email before 4/24

Class 4 4/28 �  Assignments online (c) 2017 Sarajean Rossitto

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Class 3

Assignment - Read about nonprofit development in country - the US, Japan or Canada. Read at least 1 article to get enough information to write an essay on the points listed below. Write a reflection paper focused on the following 1.  What factors that affect civil society and its development? 2.  Outline any of the social, economic, historical, religious or philosophical issues

that influence the development of nonprofit NGOs in the US OR Canada OR Japan (not all three)

3.  What influences the role and functions of nonprofit NGOs have in different contexts.

Standard format: 11 or 12 point font, .75 inch or 25 mm margins, A4 papers, 1.5 spacing 3-4 pages, 650-800 words � 


Class 3 Readings1.  Nonprofit historical overview of CS in the US, USA survey results

Nonprofit-Pulse-Report-Final 2.  (USA) The Nonprofit Sector in Brief: Public Charities, Giving and Volunteering,

2011 3.  the Four impulses of the Nonprofit sector (USA) Salamonimpulse15.docx 4.  Canadian civil society and international development 5.  A Short History of Voluntary Sector-Government Relations in Canada

http://thephilanthropist.ca/2007/07/a-short-history-of-voluntary-sector-government-relations-in-canada/

6.  NGOs in Japan (presentation notes only) rossitto-just-npo-history-section 7.  Japan NPO law (2004) Copy of 2004 Rossitto NPO Law, 8.  From Challenge to Opportunity, Chapter 11 (2016)

Challenge to opportunity chapter 11 of Sustainable Development Ed (Japan) 9.  Volunteering in Japan:1945-2010 SSJ 2011 10.  Nonprofits in Japan - read the 4 -6 sections about the nonprofit sector in japan on the

JNPOC website http://www.jnpoc.ne.jp/en/nonprofits-in-japan/ 11.  Japanese nonprofits and advocacy (2006) japanese-nonprofits-and-advocacy-activities 12.  Japanese civil society at a cross roads (2011) pages 1-2 and 8-12

japan-civil-society-at-a-corss-road-2011


1.   Background 2.   What they do? 3.   Numbers? 4.   Volunteering? 5.   Funding? 6.   Other things you know?

Assignment Context – about nonprofit

sector in Japan, US and Canada


Group project discussion activity�


Class project theme discussion

1. Milling activity => Quick discussion n minute about the issues you are interested in

What is your interest? Where would you like to focus? Share basic information you have

2. Change partners – try again for 2min only. … Sit with people that share an interest. Make groups of 2-3

people. Put names and topics on sign up sheet before you leave today

(c) 2017 Sarajean Rossitto 48

Develop 1 specific issue �

Focus on specifics For next week Get some info so you can confirm 1 issue by next week

Problems are broad and vague Issues are more specific One problem may have many different issues.

(c) 2017 Sarajean Rossitto 49

Examples Problems Issues�Health care Access to Health care for PLWHA in S. Africa

Sexual health awareness in Japan � � � �

Tsunami The remaining problems people face in Tamil Nandu Future disaster mitigation in Japan

Hunger Food security in Chicago

The hungry in rural Afghanistan Getting food to Syrian refugees

Poverty Financial inequity in Thailand

Youth unemployment in Greece GBV Sexual exploitation of young women in Japan

Honor killing in Pakistan


PROCESS & ORDERING

2. Understand the context Define the needs & wants of the

community & stakeholders Clarify what needs

to be changed

3. Look for approaches that target the needs, focus on root causes,

impacts of the problem; find NGOs doing this

1. Define the issue Assess causes

and effects define the community


Project

Each project should include these components: Part 1 => Focus on one issue area (i.e. gender based violence in Tokyo,

reducing trash in Yokohama.) �  Get information on the causes and impacts. Part 2 => Overview of different approaches to the issue (i.e. IEC,

research, advocacy, research and community organizing, etc.) �  Review of how 3 to 5 nonprofit NGOs address the issue �  At least one of these much be local and include an interview �  Brief introduction to each organization and their roles, and functions �  Analysis of complementary roles and different approaches �  NGO research - each person in your group should be able to contact

and research 2 NGOs. No 1 person needs to do more than that for the second part of the project.

Part 3 => conclusion => commentary, learning points etc.

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Group Presentation guidelines�

Pairs or Groups of midterm presentations – 8-10 min + 5 min Q and A (class 6) Final presentation – 10-15 min. + 5 min. Q & A

�  Presentations should be a summary.

�  Your paper should have details.

�  In the presentation each person can focus their talk on the areas they researched and developed.

¡  Please prepare presentation slides for presentations ¡  No late materials.

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Project papers

See site for details Midterm papers – 1 submission per group

¡  4-6 pages, approx. 800-1000 words

Final paper – 1 per person, done individually which means each person should submit their own paper.

¡  8-12 pages, approx. 1500-2000 words


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Interim Project papers

Group Paper guidelines:�1.  Each person should contribute to the paper adds their

own ideas and personalised introduction and conclusion.

2.  Ensure the maximum learning per person. 3. Makes it easier for individual assessment. 4. Avoid free riders, ensure everyone does their own

project work

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Final Project papers

Final individual Paper guidelines:�

1.  Core contents are the same

2.  Emphasis on your own resesarch

3.  Each person write their own personalised introduction and conclusion.

÷  For individual assessment.

÷  Avoid free riders, ensure everyone does their own project work

÷  Ensure the maximum learning per person.

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All Project papers

Standard format please ¡  1.5 spaced ¡  regular margins 25mm or .75 in ¡  A4 paper ¡  11 or 12 point font.

�  Written in your own words �  You do not need to include every detail that you read. �  References => Use footnotes and a bibliography - keep track of and

include all references (books, articles, websites etc.) �  Papers are always due by email on the Saturday before class by 12noon �  Please CC class mates in your team �  Please include your names and your theme in the file title. �  Please maker sure your names are on all papers

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PROJECT EXAMPLE�


58�  Problem: AIDS in Zimbabwe �  Defined issue area: problems youth face, focus on orphans, orphanage shortage,

increasing access to medication domestically and in the SSA at the same time �  Cause and effect analysis => get data on why so many, impacts on them, on

communities, on societies �  Description of the people => children under 12yo, AIDS orphans grandmas �  Needs: too many! basic ed, basic health care, medicine, testing, shelter, skills =>

we will focus on medical issues only �  Approaches/Functions & organizations

¡  IEC: Global Youth AIDS Project ¡  Services: Hope for Zimbabwe Orphanage ¡  Community org: ACT-UP Harare! ¡  Advocacy: Global AIDS Alliance ¡  Global Campaigns: Global Fund for HIV, AIDS TB and Malaria ¡  NGO capacity development: Global AIDS Alliance, Global Fund for HIV, AIDS TB and

Malaria

PROJECT EXAMPLE59

STEP 1 DEFINE 1 Problem: gender based violence in Japan Defined issue area: problems women in different places face, focus on wives or

girlfriends, shelter shortage, support for J and NJ partners, legal limitations, family pressures to stay, economic pressures to stay, government pressures against leaving

Cause and effect analysis => get data on why and where, impacts on individuals, families, on communities, on societies,

Description of the people => women mostly, gaps between J and NJ wives Needs: health care, psycho-social care, integration into society, shelter, skills STEP 2 DEFINE Approaches/Functions & organizations

Ø  IEC: Resilience Ø  Services: STEP house, SaaLaa Ø  Training : HELP, Resilience Ø  Community org: Resilience Ø  Advocacy: T-shirts no kai / clothes line project Japan Ø  NGO capacity development: Violence Against Women Network


S E E Y O U N E X T W E E K .

S A R A J E A N

Last questions/comments?


Documents

Contemporary Global Class 2 - class outline While we are ...USA, Canada, UK: largest sectors, still growing? France: growth of new associations from 10,000 per year in the 1960s to