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Consumer Services and Urbanization
Target 12.3 and 12.10
12.10
• Explain characteristics of urban populations in developed and developing countries
Terms/Concepts
• Rank-size rule / Primate city rule• Urbanization
Consumer Services
• Small cities provide services with small thresholds, ranges, and market areas.– Because too few people live in small
settlements to support many services.
• Larger cities provide consumer services having larger thresholds, ranges and market areas.
Consumer Services
• We spend as little time and effort as possible in obtaining consumer services and thus go to the nearest place that fulfills our needs.
Nesting of Settlements and Services
• According to the central place theory, market areas are arranged in a regular pattern.
• Larger market areas, based in larger settlements, are fewer in number and farther apart from each other then smaller settlements.
• Larger settlements also provide services with smaller market areas, thus both large and small markets are drawn around them.
Settlements in North Dakota
• Central place theory helps to explain the distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota.
• Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart, whereas smaller settlements are more frequent and closer together
Ranking Cities
• In developed countries, the size of settlements follows the rank-size rule.
Rank Size Rule
• Rank-size rule - A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlements is 1/n the population of the largest settlement– Ex. The 2nd largest city is one-half the
size of the 1st city, the 4th largest is one-fourth the size of the largest city
– The United States follows the rank-size distribution
• NY, LA, CHI, HOU, PHI
Primate City Rule
• Primate city rule- the largest settlements has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement– The largest city is called the primate city
• Countries that follow the primate rule tend to be subject to more inequality than rank-size rule countries
– Mexico follows the primate city distribution.
• Mexico City is five times larger than its second largest city (Ecatepec)
Mexico City
What is Urbanization?
• Urbanization – the process by which the population of urban settlements grow.– Two ways
• Increase in number of people living in cities• Increase in percentage of people living in
cities
Urbanization
• World’s largest cities = developing countries
• Higher percentage of people in cities = developed countries
Terms/Concepts
• Rank-size rule• Primate city rule• Primate city• Urbanization