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Lifting and RiggingStudent Handout Version 05.07.12
8
Slide 16
16
Wire Rope Inspection
4 5
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Slide 17
17
Wire Rope Inspection
Look For: Bird- Caging Main Strand
Displacement Core
Protrusion
Bird Cage
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Slide 18
18
Wire Rope Inspection
Damaged wire ropeslings and winchlines Will beremoved
fromservice
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Slide 19
19
Out Of Service CriteriaWire Rope Winch Lines
6 randomly distributedbroken wires in one lay
OR3 broken wires in onestrand in one lay
At end fittings-1 brokenwire
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Slide 20
20
Sheave Inspection
The groovesmust besmooth andfree fromsurface defectswhich
couldcause ropedamage
Damaged Sheave
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Slide 21
21
Web Sling InspectionEach syntheticweb sling Will bemarked or
codedto show: Name or
trademark ofmanufacturer.
Rated capacitiesfor the type ofhitch.
Type of material.
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Slide 22
22
Web Sling Inspection
Synthetic web slingsWill be immediatelyremoved from service
ifany of the followingconditions are present: Acid o r caust ic bu
rns
Melting or charring ofany part of the slingsurface;
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Slide 23
23
Web Sling Inspection
Snags,punctures,tears or cutsBroken orwornstitches
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Slide 24
24
Shackle Inspection
Look for: Wear of more than
10% in the pin Wear of more than
10% in the bowsection
Any Unusual Bends Any Change in Shape Cracks or Sharp Nicks
Modifications
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Slide 25
25
Fiber Rope InspectionNatural and synthetic fiber ropeslings Will
be immediately removedfrom service if any of the
followingconditions are present: Abnormal wear. Powdered fiber
between strands.
Broken or cut fibers. Variations in the size or roundnessof
strands.
Discoloration or rotting. Distortion of hardware in the
sling.
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Slide 26
26
Fiber Rope Inspection
Check the interiorof the rope
Look here forbroken, melted
fibers and/orpowdery build-up
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Slide 27
27
Chain Slings
A thorough periodic inspection of alloysteel chain slings in use
shall be made ona regular basisSuch inspections shall in no event
be atintervals greater than once every 12monthsThe employer shall
make and maintain arecord of the most recent month in whicheach
alloy steel chain sling wasthoroughly inspected
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Slide 28
28
Chain Slings
Alloy steel chain slingsshall have permanentlyaffixed
durableidentification stating size,grade, rated capacity,
andreach
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Slide 29
29
Snatch Block Inspection
LUBRICATIONPIN WEARLATERALWOBBLEFLANGE WEAR
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Slide 30
30
Load HookPeriodic Inspection
Normal Service Yearly
Heavy Service Semiannually
Severe Service Quarterly
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Slide 31
31
Load HookFrequent Inspection
Inspect for Distortion of hook
Bending Twisting Increased throat opening
Wear Cracks, Nicks, Gouges Latch damage or malfunction Hook
attachment device
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Slide 32
32
Load Hook Latch
A competentperson willinspect allmachinery
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Slide 33
33
Safe Rigging Practices
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Slide 34
34
Rigging Equipment
Lifting Factors Size, weight, and center of gravity of the load
The number of sling legs The angle the sling makes with the
horizontal
line The rated capacity of the sling Previous care and usage of
the sling
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Slide 35
35
Rigging Equipment
Estimating the weight of the load Check shipping papers Check
name plates and labels Ask the equipment manufacturer Use industry
standard tables and charts Estimate the weight using weights of
similar
loads, Stay within 50% of cranes ratedcapacity when using load
weight estimates
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Slide 36
36
Rigging Equipment
Working Rules for Slings Never exceed the rated capacity Never
use a damaged sling Never shorten with knots, bolts, or other
devices Alway s protect slings from sharp edges of the
load Alway s keep hands and fingers clear of
slings under tension
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Slide 37
37
Rigging Equipment
Sling Angles Two slings, each
supporting thesame weight andhaving the samesupport angleresults
in an equaldistribution of theload to each sling
500 lbs 500 lbs
1000lb0 Angle
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Slide 38
38
Load Angle Factor
Divide the sling length bythe height from the load tothe
hook
LOAD WEIGHT =10,000 POUNDS
H = 10
L=20 Sling Tension = L/H x Load
20 10 = 22 x Weight = 10,000Each leg = 10,000 tension
Sling Leg
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Slide 39
39
Sling Load Calculations
Tension =
+ This
Weight, times
Divided By This
S T = W T (D2)
D1+D2
S T = W T (D1)
D1+D22 ,000 Pou nds 8,0 00 Poun ds
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Slide 40
40
Block Loading
90 (1.41)
0 (2)
500#
What is the line pull?
W +10%WMechanicalAdvantage
P=
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Slide 41
41
Gin Loading
500#
Wg = weight of object + pull on fall line
Wg = 550 + 500 = 1,050 pounds
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Slide 42
42
Rigging Equipment
Storage Rules for Slings Store in a dry environment out of
direct sun
light Off of the floor or ground to prevent corrosion Hung from
hooks to prevent tangling Away from electrical sources By type dont
mix steel chain slings with
synthetics etc..
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Slide 43
43
Safe Lifting PracticesManual Material Handling
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Slide 44
44
Lifting & Carrying
Basic Rules of Safe Lifting and Carrying Plan Ahead Get help Use
the right equipment the right way Use the proper protective
equipment
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Slide 45
45
Safe Lifting Practices
Bend the knees not the backStand close to the loadGrip with
hands, not justfingersBring the load in close to thebody
Arms tucked in and weightcenteredLet your legs do the work
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Slide 46
46
Lifting & Carrying
How to Lift and Carry Safely Carrying
Make sure you can see where youre going Move slowly with small
steps Dont twist the body change direction with your feet Try not
to lift the load above shoulder level
Unloading, same as lifting
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Slide 47
47
Material Handling Equipment
Moving a Load Lean in the direction your moving Minimize walking
backwards Walk dont run On down hill keep load under control
Pushing is easier than pulling
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Slide 48
48
Forklift Safety
Dos and Don'ts of Forklifts Inspect daily Refuel or recharge
only in designated areas Keep loads low and balanced, tilt back
slightly Keep wide loads centered
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Slide 49
49
Forklift Safety
Dos and Don'ts of Forklifts On slopes travel with load up
hill Drive in reverse, if vision is
blocked (except uphill)
Back out slowly and checkbehind you after unloading Park on flat
surfaces with forks
tilted forward and lowered;block wheels if on a slope
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Slide 50
50
Forklift Safety
Dos and Don'ts of Forklifts Dont carry people unless
forklift is equipped to do so Dont overload the forklift Dont
travel with forks raised if
empty Observe basic driving safety
rules
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Slide 51
51
Questions for Review1. What are the 4 main causes of crane
accidents?
2. Sling angle effects sling capacity? True or False
3. What are some removal criteria for wire rope?
4. You should always lift with your _________.
5. When you park a lift truck the forks should be __________
________ and __________ _
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Personal Protective Equipment Student Handout Version
05.07.12
1
Electrical Transmission & Distribution Partnership 10
Hour
OSHA Training Course
Personal Protective Equipment
Objectives
The OSHA Strategic Partnership (OSP) developed this training
module with the intent that all employees have an understanding of
the OSHA regulations and safe work practices that apply to personal
protective equipment and
other work activities they may perform. Upon successful
completion of this training module, the attendee should be able
to:
Explain the employee training requirements in regards to P.P.E.
care, use, and inspection
Describe at least two methods of employee protection other than
P.P.E.
i) Engineering controls ii) Administrative controls iii) Work
Practice controls iv) Worker rotation
Explain the employer responsibilities regarding P.P.E.
i) Survey the workplace for hazards
ii) Train workers
iii) Provide P.P.E.
Explain employer responsibilities regarding job briefings
i) Conducted by the employee in charge
ii) Requires a discussion take place iii) Discuss
company/customer/site specific issues
Explain employee responsibilities regarding P.P.E. use
i) Inspect ii) Wear
iii) Keep clean iv) Request a replacement when needed
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Explain some of the workplace hazards that may prompt the use of
P.P.E.
i) Electrical
ii) Falling objects iii) Eye/face hazards flying particles
and/or projectiles
iv)
Respiratory exposure
(Silica
dust)
v) Hand/foot hazards
Explain methods to identify P.P.E.
i) Z87 for glasses
ii) Type E hard hats iii) Filter cartridge type for
respirators
iv) dBA rating for ear protection v) ASTM system for rubber
goods
Explain how to field test rubber gloves and sleeves
i) Air test
ii) ozone checking iii) Punctures
iv) Tears v) Cuts vi) Cracks vii) Deformation viii) UV and/or
chemical damage
Explain the hazards and protective measures/equipment associated
with exposure to electrical arcs
i) Protective clothing ii) OSHAs requirements for apparel
iii) Injuries from electrical burns iv) Arc Thermal Protective
Value (ATPV) v) Thermal values of arcs in calories/cm 2
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Slide 1
1
Personal ProtectiveEquipment
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Slide 2
2
Objectives
Discuss:How PPE protects employees are protected
fromhazardsProper use and care of rubber insulating glovesand
sleevesField testing of rubber insulating gloves andsleevesHow to
determine appropriate FR clothing
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Slide 3
3
Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards
Employers must:Use all feasible engineering and work
practicecontrols to eliminate and reduce hazardsUse personal
protective equipment (PPE) if thecontrols dont eliminate the
hazards.
PPE is the last level of control!
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Slide 7
7
Engineering Controls
If . . .
The work environment can be physicallychanged to prevent
employee exposure tothe potential hazard,
Then . . .The hazard can be eliminated with anengineering
control
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Slide 8
8
Engineering Controls
Initial design specificationsSubstitute less harmful
materialChange processEnclose processIsolate processEliminate the
hazard where possible
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Slide 9
9
Work Practice Controls
If . . .
Employees can change the way they do their jobs and the exposure
to the potential hazard isremoved,
Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with a workpractice control
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Slide 10
10
Work Practice Controls --Examples
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Slide 11
11
Responsibilities
Employer Assess workplace for hazardsProvide PPEDetermine when
to useProvide PPE training for employees and instruction inproper
use
EmployeeUse PPE in accordance with training received and
otherinstructionsInspect daily and maintain in a clean and reliable
condition
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Slide 12
12
Examples of PPE
Body Part Protections
Eye Safety glasses, goggles
Face Face shields
Head Hard hats
Feet Safety shoes
Hands and Arms Gloves
Body Vests
Hearing Ear plugs, muffs
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Slide 16
16
Selecting the Right Hard HatClass C
Construction (building construction, shipbuilding,lumbering)Good
impact protection but limited voltage protection
Class EElectrical / Utility workProtects against falling objects
and high-voltage shockand burns
Class GGeneral use. Of fers limited protectionProtects against
bumps from fixed objects, but does notprotect against falling
objects or electrical shock
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17
Hearing Protection
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18
Hearing ProtectionWhen its notfeasible toreduce thenoise or
itsduration useear protectivedevicesEar protectivedevices must
befitted
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19
Respiratory Protection-SilicaSilica:
Basic component of soil,sand, granite, and mostother types of
rock
Effects:Lung cancer BronchitisTuberculosisScleroderma
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20
Respiratory Protection-SilicaSources of Exposure:
SandblastingDrilling rock & concreteMasonryMining
Preventing Silicosis:Wet methods for cutting,chipping, drilling,
sawing,grindingRespirators
Do not eat, drink orsmoke near silica dustWash hands and
facebefore eating, drinkingor smoking (away from exposurearea)
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Slide 21
21
When Must Foot Protection beProvided?
When any of these are present:Heavy objects such as barrels or
tools thatmight roll onto or fall on employees feetSharp objects
such as nails or spikes thatmight pierce ordinary shoesMolten metal
that might splash on feetHot or wet surfacesSlippery surfaces
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Rubber InsulatingGloves and Sleeves
Use, Care and Inspection
Movie clip courtesy of theW.H. Salisbury Company
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Slide 23
23
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Slide 24
24
Inspection Methods
RollingGently roll betweenhandsOutside and insidesurfaces
InflationManual or mechanicalListen for leaks
Lighting
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25
Common Problems to Look For Age cracksDielectric test
failureCutsTearsHard spotsOzone cracks
Punctures
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Slide 26
26
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Slide 27
27
Electrical ArcProtection
Flame Resistant Clothing
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At Risk Employees
Line WorkersUnderground Cable WorkersElectriciansSubstation
Operators
Switching OperatorsPower Generation WorkersMeter Reader /
Service People
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Slide 29
29
Electric Arc Facts
Typically LastsLess Than 1SecondExtremely HighRadiant
EnergyExplosive inNatureCan Ignite and/orMelt EverydayClothing
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30
OSHA 1910.269 (l) (6) (iii)"The employer shall ensure that each
employeewho is exposed to the hazards of flames orelectric arcs
does not wear clothing that, whenexposed to flames or electric
arcs, couldincrease the extent of injury that would besustained by
the employee." A following notefurther requires:"Note: Clothing
made from the following types of fabrics, eitheralone or in blends,
is prohibited by this paragraph, unless theemployer can demonstrate
that the fabric has been treated towithstand the conditions that
may be encountered or that theclothing is worn in such a manner as
to eliminate the hazardinvolved: acetate, nylon, polyester,
rayon.
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Electric Arc Hazards
ElectrocutionClothing Igniting or MeltingClothing Breaking
OpenHeat from the Electric Arc
Secondary Fire or Explosion
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32
Understanding ElectricalHazards
Electric ShockWidely recognized hazardInvolves current flow
through or on the body
Burn Injury from Electric ArcNot as well recognizedNo contact
requiredCan be severe if clothing ignites or melt
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Slide 33
33
Consequences of Electric Arcs
Worker InjurySecond- and third-degree burnsPotentially fatal
burns
Equipment DamageCost
Medical treatmentLost productivityWorkers' compensation
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34
Factors Affecting Worker InjuryElectric Arc intensity
Amperage, voltage, electrode gap, focused arc(arc in box)
Electric Arc DurationDistance of the Worker from the Electric
ArcType and Fit of Clothing Worn
Percentage of Body BurnPersonal Factors
AgeMedical Condition
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Slide 35
35
Burn Injury Principles
Burn Depth Is a Measureof Severity
First-degreeSecond-degreeThird-degree
Exposure to an Electric Arcor Flame Can RapidlyExceed Human
Tissue HeatTolerance and CauseSecond- or Third-DegreeBurns
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Slide 36
36
Chance of Survival
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Electrical Transmission & Distribution Partnership 10
Hour
OSHA Training Course
Job Briefings
Objectives
The OSHA Strategic Partnership (OSP) developed this training
module with the intent that all employees have an understanding of
the OSHA regulations and best practices that apply to conducting
pre job briefings and other
work activities they may perform. Upon successful completion of
this training module, the attendee should be able to:
Explain when pre job briefings should be conducted
i) At the beginning of each job
ii) If the crew make up changes iii) If crew leadership
changes
iv) If the scope of the work changes v) If any change occurs
that effects the safety of the workers and or the public
Explain the items to be discussed in the job briefing
i) The work location
ii) Emergency facilities and their location iii) The task
iv) The steps to complete the task v) Roles of the individuals
in completing the task
vi) Hazards associated with the steps vii) Energy source
controls viii) Protective measures
Explain employer responsibilities regarding job briefings
i) Conducted by the employee in charge ii) Requires a discussion
take place
iii) Discuss company/customer/site specific issues
Explain employee responsibilities regarding job briefings
i) Must participate
ii) If unsure, ask questions iii) Adhere to the
rules/standards/policies/safe work practices
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Slide 1
JOB BRIEFING
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Slide 2
Accident Prevention.
Introduce the Pre-Job briefing process andexplain the need
Identify Basic Concepts and Techniques ofConducting a Pre-Job
Briefing.
Provide Tools for Personnel Who May Conductand Deliver a Pre-Job
Briefing.
Objectives
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Slide 3
Hazard Awareness Results in Accident Reduction
Elimination of Workplace Injuries & Illnesses
WherePossible
Development of Efficient Pre-Job Briefing Techniques
Purpose
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Slide 4
Job Briefings
Beginning of each jobWhen a new employee
joins the jobWhen significantchanges occur duringcourse of
workDocument on Companyform
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Slide 5
Three Basic Steps
What are you going to do? List the task(s)
What can get you whenyou do it? List the hazards
How do we keep it fromgetting us? List the protective
measures
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Slide 6
Employer Requirements
Ensure that the employee in charge conducta job briefing with
the employees involvedbefore they start each job. The briefing
shallcover at least the following subjects: Hazards associated with
the job Work procedures involved Special precautions Energy source
controls Personal protective equipment requirements
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Slide 7
Employee Requirements
5(b) Rule from the OSH Act Each employee shall comply with
occupational safety and health standards andall rules,
regulations, and orders issuedpursuant to this Act which are
applicable tohis own actions and conduct.
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Slide 8
How Many?
If the work or operation to be preformedduring the work day or
shift are repetitiveand similar one job briefing shall beconducted
before the start of the first jobof each day of shift
Additionally job briefings shall be held ifsignificant changes,
which might affectthe safety of the employee, occur duringthe
course of the work
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Slide 9
Routine Briefing
A briefing discussion is satisfactory if thework involved is
routine and if theemployee, by virtue of training andexperience,
can reasonably be expectedto recognize and avoid the
hazardsinvolved in the job place
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Slide 10
More Extensive Briefing
A more extensive discussion shall beconducted: If the work is
complicated or particularly
hazardous, or
If the employee cannot be expected torecognize and avoid the
hazards involved inthe job
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Slide 11
Other Issues
Are employees dressed properly? Are there hazard
communicationsstandards issues?
Are the structures capable of handlingthe stress?
Are there any hazardous energysources?Is traffic an issue?
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Slide 12
Personal Protective Equipment
What PPE isneeded?Is it (PPE) in goodworking order?Does every
oneunderstand how tous it?Did you do the dailycheck?
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Slide 13
Working Alone
An employee workingalone need notconduct a job briefing.However,
theemployer shall ensure
that the tasks to beperformed areplanned as if abriefing were
required.
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Slide 14
Emergency Procedures
Where is the closest hospital Does everyone know directionsWhat
are the emergency procedures Does everyone know themWhere is the
emergency equipmentlocated Has it been inspected lately
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Slide 15
Another NameT TalkA AssignI IdentifyL LetB BewareO ObserveA
AllowR ReviewD Determine
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Electrical Transmission & Distribution Partnership 10
Hour
OSHA Training Course
Trenching & Excavations
Objectives
The OSHA Strategic Partnership (OSP) developed this training
module with the intent that all employees have an understanding of
the OSHA regulations and safe work practices that apply to trench
and excavation safety and
work activities they may perform. Upon successful completion of
this training module, the attendee should be able to:
Define a trenching and excavation competent person along the his
or her duties and responsibilities
i) The OSHA Construction Standard defines a competent person as
someone who is: a. Capable of identifying existing and predictable
hazards in the surroundings, or b. Working conditions which are
unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and c. Who has
authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate
them
ii) Duties: Protective Systems or Equipment a. Monitoring water
removal equipment and operations Inspecting excavations subject to
runoff from
heavy rains to determine need for diversion ditches, dikes, or
other suitable protection b. Determining cave in potential to
assess need for shoring or other protective system c. Examining
damaged material or equipment used for protective systems to
determine its suitability for
continued use Classifying soil and rock deposits, by both visual
analysis and by testing, to determine appropriate protection; re
classifying, if necessary, based on changing conditions
d. Determining the appropriate slope of an excavation to prevent
collapse due to surcharge loads from stored material or equipment,
operating equipment, adjacent structures, or traffic, and assuring
that such slope is achieved
iii) Duties: Inspecting Trench and Protective Systems a.
Authorizing immediate removal of employees from the hazardous area
where evidence of possible
cave in, failure of protective systems, hazardous atmospheres,
or other hazardous conditions exists iv) Duties: Unsafe
Access/Egress
a. Design structural ramps that are used solely by employees as
a means of access or egress. Structural ramps used for access or
egress of equipment must be designed by a competent person
qualified in structural design
Define the hazards associated with working in an unprotected
trench or excavation
i) Death or serious injury from a. Cave in and/or entrapment b.
Asphyxiation c. Being struck by falling/swinging loads from above
d. Vehicles/equipment entering the trench or excavation
e. Fire/explosion
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Describe different types of protective systems
i) Sloping, Shoring, Shielding, Benching
Describe means of assess and egress
i) Ladders, Ramps, Stairways
Describe One Call requirements
i) Notify owners of utilities a minimum of 24 hours prior to
digging
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Slide 1
1
Trenching & Excavations
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Slide 2
2
Objectives
Discuss:
The greatest risk of work in and aroundexcavations
How to protect employees from cave-ins Factors that pose a
hazard to employees
working in excavations The role of a competent person at an
excavation site
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Slide 3
3
Protection of Employees
Employees shouldbe protected fromcave-ins by using anadequately
designedprotective systemProtective systemsmust be able toresist
all expectedloads to the system
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Slide 7
7
Inspections of Excavations
If the competent person finds evidence of a possiblecave-in,
indications of failure of protective systems,hazardous atmospheres,
or other hazardousconditions: Exposed employees
must be removed from the
hazardous area Employees may not returnuntil the
necessaryprecautions have beentaken
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Slide 8
8
Excavation Hazards
Cave-ins AsphyxiationToxic materialsFireEquipmentUnderground
utilities
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Slide 9
9
Injury and Death
Excavating is one ofthe most hazardousconstructionoperationsMost
accidents occurin trenches 5-15 feetdeepThere is usually nowarning
before acave-in
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Soil Weight
One cubic footof soil weighsapproximately100 pounds.Thats
2700pounds percubic yard
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Slide 11
11
Types of Protection
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Slide 12
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Definitions
Excavation a man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression
formed by earth removal.
Trench a narrow excavation. The depth is greater
than the width, but not wider than 15 feet.
Shield a structure able to withstand a cave-in and
protect employees
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Stacked Trench Boxes
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Slide 14
14
Trench Shield
A trench shield isutilized in this worklocation to
provideemployee protectionfrom cave in hazards
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Slide 15
15
Definitions
Shoring A structure that supports the sides of an
excavation and protects against cave-ins
Sloping A technique that employs a specific angle of
incline on the sides of the excavation. Theangle varies based on
assessment ofimpacting site factors
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Shoring
General Provides a framework to work in Uses wales, cross braces
and uprights Supports excavation walls
OSHA tables provide shoring data Must know soil type Must know
depth and width of excavation Must be familiar with the OSHA
Tables
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Slide 17
17
Hydraulic Trench Support
Ease of useHydraulicpressure keepsforms in
placeLightweightPortable
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Slide 18
SPACEDSHEETING
CLEAT
SCAB
WALE
BRACE
WALE ORSTRINGER
BRACE OR
STRUT
UPRIGHTOR SHEET
CLEAT
TIGHTSHEETING
Components of aShoring System
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Timber Shoring
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Simple Slope by Soil Types
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Design of Protective Systems
Soil classificationDepth of cutWater content of soilChanges due
toweather and climateOther operations inthe vicinity
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Slide 23
23
Design of Protective Systems
An employer must select and construct : Slopes and
configurations of sloping and
benching systems Support systems, shield systems, and other
protective systems
Shield Can be permanent or portable Also known as trench box or
trench shield
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Slide 24
24
Design of Protective Systems
An employer must select and construct :Shoring Such as metal
hydraulic, mechanical or timber
shoring system that supports the sides
Sloping Form sides of an excavation that are inclined
away from the excavation
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Cave-in Protection
Slope or bench thesides of theexcavation,Support the sides ofthe
excavation, orPlace a shieldbetween the side ofthe excavation
andthe work area
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Slide 26
26
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Slide 27
27
Adequate Protective System
Must not onlyprotect the sidesof the trench butthe end of
thetrench as well
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This excavationhas inadequatesupport posts and
egress access
Cave-in Hazard
Example ofan inadequateshoring
system
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Slide 29
29
At Risk?
This worker is in atrench with noprotective system Slope Bench
Shore Shield
No means of egressSpoil pile to close
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Slide 30
30
Materials and Equipment
Inspected by acompetent personFree of damage ordefects that
impairfunction
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Protection from Vehicles
Install barricadesHand/mechanicalsignalsStop logsGrade soil away
from
excavationFence or barricadetrenches leftovernight
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Slide 32
32
Hazardous Conditions
No Cave-in ProtectionClose proximity ofequipmentSpoil pile too
closeNo ladder Unsupported utilitiesNo head protectionSuspended
loadFall Hazard
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Slide 33
33
Spoils
Dont place spoils within 2 feet from edge of excavationMeasure
from nearest part of the spoil to the excavationedgePlace spoils so
rainwater runs away from the excavation
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Other Excavation Hazards
Water accumulationOxygen deficiencyToxic fumes
Access/Egress
Falls
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Slide 35
35
Water is Hazardous
When water ispresent in anexcavation it isextremely hazardousto
enter
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Slide 36
36
Hazardous Atmosphere
Test excavationsmore than 4 feetbefore an employeeenters
theexcavation for: Oxygen deficiency High combustible gas
concentration High levels of other
hazardous substances
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Means of Egress
A stairway, ladder, orramp must bepresent inexcavations that
are4 or more feet deep,
and within 25 feet ofthe employees
This ladder does not meet therequirements of the standard
The ladder should extend 3feet above the excavation
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Slide 38
38
Access and Egress
These two lashedtogether ladders arenot an adequatemeans of
egressThe ladder shouldextend 3 feet abovethe top of
theexcavation
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Slide 39
39
Protection from Falls, FallingLoads, and Mobile Equipment
Install barricadesUse hand / mechanical signalsGrade soil away
from excavationFence or barricade trenches leftovernightUse a flag
person when signs, signalsand barricades are not
enoughprotection
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Slide 40
40
Dig Safe
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Slide 41
41
Summary
The greatest risk in an excavation is a cave-in.Employees can be
protected through sloping,shielding, and shoring the
excavation.
A competent person is responsible to inspect theexcavation.Other
excavation hazards include wateraccumulation, oxygen deficiency,
toxic fumes, falls,and mobile equipment.DO NOT WORK IN AN
UNPROTECTED TRENCH
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Slide 42
42
Questions for Review
1. What is the greatest risk in anexcavation?
2. What are the three main methods forprotecting employees in
excavations?
3. What is the role of the competentperson with respect to
excavations?
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Electrical Transmission & Distribution Partnership 10
Hour
OSHA Training Course
Confined and Enclosed Spaces
Objectives
The OSHA Strategic Partnership (OSP) developed this training
module with the intent that all employees have an understanding of
the OSHA regulations and safe work practices that apply to
confined/enclosed space work and
other work activities they may perform. Upon successful
completion of this training module, the attendee should be able
to:
Define a confined and an enclosed space
i) A confined space has limited or restricted means for entry or
exit, and it is not designed for
continuous employee occupancy. Confined spaces include, but are
not limited to underground vaults, tanks, storage bins, manholes,
pits, silos, process vessels, and pipelines.
ii) An enclosed space is similar to a confined space as to
having limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and it is not
designed for continuous employee occupancy. The prime difference is
that an enclosed space contains only electrical hazards. Review
1910.269(e)
Explain the pre entry requirements
i) Use flow chart to determine space type ii) Test air
iii) Test for flammables iv) Look for electrical hazards v) Look
for entrapment/engulfment hazards vi) Look for cave in hazards
Explain training requirements
i) Entrant duties
ii) P.P.E. requirements iii) Permit requirements iv)
Responsibilities
v) Procedures vi) Hazards
vii) Emergency plan summoning help viii) Communication ix)
Rescue x) Removal of non qualified entrants
xi) Maintaining accurate count of entrants
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Explain the roles of the Qualified employee, the Attendant, and
the Entry Supervisor
i) Attendants
a. First aid training b. Immediately available outside the
enclosed space
ii)
Entry supervisor
a. Determine if acceptable entry conditions are present entry is
planned b. Authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations c.
Terminating entry
iii) Qualified Worker a. Employees that are trained in and
familiar with the safety related work practices, safety
procedures, and other safety requirements that pertain to their
respective job assignments b. Employees that are trained in and
familiar with any other safety practices, including
applicable emergency procedures (such as pole top and manhole
rescue), that are not
specifically addressed the OSHA standards but that are related
to their work and are necessary for their safety
iv) Qualified employees are also trained and competent in: a.
The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed live
parts from other parts of
electric equipment b. The skills and techniques necessary to
determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts c. The minimum
approach distances specified in this section corresponding to the
voltages to
which the
