“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER

ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE

REGARDING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS

AMONG MOTHERS AT PHC HALEKOTE AREA OF

HOLENARASIPURA.”

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR

DISSERTATION

Mr. MANJU.S

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING

HOLENARASIPURA, HASSAN, KARNATAKA

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT

FOR DISSERTATION

1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE

AND ADDRESS

MANJU.S

1ST YEAR M.SC NURSING

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING,

HOLENARASIPURA.

2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION GOERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING,

HOLENARASIPURA

3 COURSE OF THE STUDY AND

SUBJECT

1ST YEAR M.SC NURSING

COMMUNITY HEALTHNURSING

4 DATE OF ADMISSION 16.08.2012

5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER

ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING GROWTH

AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS

AMONG MOTHERS AT PHC HALEKOTE

AREA OF HOLENARASIPURA.”

6.0 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

INTRODUCTION

“Children allowed to develop at their own speed will usually win the race of life”

-- Fred O. Gosman

Health of the children has been considered as the vital importance to all societies

because children are the basic resource for the future of humankind.1Every child must be

ensured the best start in life their future, and indeed the future of their communities,

nations and the whole world depends on it.3

“Infant” is derived from the Latin word, “infants,” meaning “unable to speak.”

Thus, many define infancy as the period from birth to approximately 1 year of age, when

language begins to flourish. It is an exciting period of “firsts” first smile, first successful

grasp, first evidence of separation anxiety, first word, first step and first sentence. The

infant is a dynamic, ever changing being who undergoes an orderly and predictable

sequence of neuro developmental and physical growth. This sequence is influenced

continuously by intrinsic and extrinsic forces that produce individual variation and make

each infant’s developmental path unique.4

Every year, tens of millions of infants around the world begin an extraordinary

sprint from defenceless newborns to becoming proactive young children ready for school.

And every year, countless numbers of them are stopped in their tracks deprived, in one

way or another, of the love, care, nurturing, health, nutrition and protection that they need

to survive, grow and develop. Nearly 10 million children die before their fifth birthday

each year and over 200 million children are not developing to their full potential solely

because they and their caregivers lack the basic conditions needed for young children to

survive and thrive.3

The period of growth and development extends throughout the life cycle. Growth

refers to an increase in physical size of whole or any of its parts. It causes quantitative

changes in child’s body. Development refers to progressive increase in skill and capacity

to function. It causes qualitative changes in child’s functioning. There is several factors

influence the growth and development of children. Such as heredity, sex, race,

nationality, environment, cultural influences, socio-economic status of family, emotions,

chronic illness, nutritional status, hormonal influences etc.2

Infants grow at an amazingly fast rate during their first year of life. In addition to

physical growth in height and weight, babies also go through major achievement stages,

referred to as developmental milestones. Developmental milestones are easily identifiable

skills that the baby can perform, such as rolling over, sitting up, and walking. These

milestones are usually classified into three categories: motor development, language

development, and social/emotional development.5

Parental attitude towards the growth of children may be poorly formed because

they do not know children’s needs at various developmental stages. During the infantile

period the parents must learn from the cues what the infant is trying to tell them. They

must learn to observe their infant’s behavior and strive to fulfill the baby’s needs. Some

parents are not prepared to undergo the emotional development needed in relation to

child’s development. These parents particularly help in understanding usual steps in

infant’s development. 2

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Infant mortality is the death of an infant in the first year of life, often expressed as

the number of deaths per 1000 live births (Infant mortality rate). The total Infant

mortality rate (IMR) in India is 46.07 deaths per 1000 live births. In this the male infant

mortality rate is 44.71 deaths per 1000 live births and female infant mortality rate is

47.59 deaths per 1000 live births estimated in the year of 2012.6 In Karnataka, according

to official sources the Infant mortality rate was 38 per 1000 live births in the year of

2011.7 Major causes for Infant mortality rate are including  dehydration, malnutrition,

infection, congenital malformation and Sudden death infant syndrome (SIDS).8

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is one of the causes of infant mortality. Almost

40 per cent of Indian children are underweight, and 45 per cent are stunted due to

malnourishment, according to the National Family Health Survey-3. The survey also

reported that six out of every 10 children from the poorest households are stunted, and

almost as many are underweight. Children from the SC and ST communities are also

more likely to be malnourished, according to this report. The ministry of health and

family welfare states that more than 55% of the under-five mortality occurs from

complications resulting from malnutrition.10

Children are said to be developmentally delayed if they fail to reach

developmental milestones at the expected age. Individual children may be delayed in one

area or several areas of development. Developmental delay is considered as a disability,

which the child displays either due to biological or environmental factors. These factors

affect child’s speech, language, fine and gross motor skills and cognitive development.

So delay or abnormal development may affect individual areas of development or child’s

overall development.  A developmental delay occurs when child has the delayed

achievement of one or more of his milestones. . Approximately 3 per cent of all infants

and children are developmentally delayed (Fonald 1991).9

Failure to thrive (FTT) is the arrested physical growth associated with poor

developmental and emotional functioning. Psychosocial failure to thrive occurs in a child

who is usually younger than 2 years old. Psychological, social, or economic problems

within the family almost always play a role in the cause of failure to thrive. The mother

or primary caregiver may neglect proper feeding of the infant because of preoccupation

with the demands or care of others, her own emotional problems, substance abuse, lack of

knowledge about proper feeding, or lack of understanding of the infant's needs.

Encouraging parenting education courses in high school and educational and community

programs may help new parents enter parenthood with an increased knowledge of an

infant's needs. Early detection and intervention can reduce the severity of symptoms, and

enhance the process of growth and development.11

An understanding of infant growth and development patterns and concepts is

necessary for parents and caregivers to create a nurturing and caring environment which

will stimulate young children's learning. The growth and development of infants are

periods of rapid change in the child's size, senses, and organs. An infant's development in

motor coordination, forming concepts, learning and using language, having positive

feelings about self and others prepares them to build upon new abilities that will be

needed for each change in a new stage of development. Caregivers can provide activities

and opportunities for infants that encourage exploration and curiosity to enhance

children's overall development.12

A study revealed on knowledge of child growth and nutrition among 60 mothers

together with their 60 first-born full-term healthy infants aged 0-12 months. Mothers and

their infants were divided into a study and control group of equal size with the study

group being exposed to the education program. The effectiveness of the program was

evaluated by growth monitoring of infants at 6 and 12 months, and by comparing

mothers' knowledge and practice scores before and after the program and shows that

Infants in the study group had a significantly higher mean for weight, length, and mid-

arm circumference at 6 and 12 months than infants in the control group. These study

findings highlight the important potential benefits of teaching mothers about the

nutritional needs of infants during their first year of life.13

A study was conducted on mother’s knowledge of children’s growth charts.

Mothers who attended well baby clinic were interviewed to assess their understanding

and interpretation of the growth chart. The results showed that the outcome was

disappointing and recommendations were made.14

Though assessment of Growth and Development of infants is an important aspect

in child care, it is a neglected part by various parents. During community and PHC

postings, the student investigator found that many infants are malnourished with mild

developmental delay. The reason behind this was mainly the inadequate knowledge of

growth and development and its importance among mothers.

Considering the above facts the student investigator further need to assess the

knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers and enhance the

knowledge through computer assisted teaching programme.

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

A literature review provides a foundation on which to base new knowledge and it

is usually conducted well before any data are collected in studies. An intensive review of

literature relevant to the research study topic is done to gain information and insight to

build the foundation of the study. The word literature review is also used to designate

written summary of the state of the art on a research problem.

Review of literature is divided in to 3 parts: - Literature related to

6.2.1 Growth and development of infants.

6.2.2 Knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers.

6.2.3 Computer assisted teaching programme.

6.2.1 Literature related to Growth and development of infants.

Paul B, et al (2004-05) were conducted a longitudinal community based study in

an urban slum of Chetla, Kolkata among 126 singleton live born babies on catch up

growth among low birth weight infants in relation to the normal birth weight counterparts

in first six months of age. Growth pattern of these babies was followed up at 15±5 day’s

interval by house visit till six months of age. The results shown that incidence of low

birth weight babies was 28.6%. 86.1% LBW infants caught up in length at 3 rd month,

63.9% in chest circumference at 4th month, 66.7% in head circumference at 5th month,

while 72.2% in weight at 6th month and concludes that Regular growth monitoring is

essential for LBW babies to detect signs of growth faltering at the earliest.15

Zafar Meenai, Sheela Longia were conducted a prospective study to find the

prevalence of developmental delay in 200 apparently healthy children below 2 years of

age. Parents of the subjects were interviewed. The children were observed and assessed

for their milestones on Trivandrum Developmental Screening chart (TDSC). The length,

weight and head circumference of the children were measured and recorded. The results

showed that prevalence of developmental delay in 9.5% of apparently healthy children by

using a simple screening tool which can be administered in an office practice and

concludes that if one can diagnose developmental delay in early stages of development,

the early intervention can reduce a long term sequele.16

Amanda Sacker, et al (2000-01) were conducted a cohort study on relationship

between exclusive breast feeding and developmental delay among all term singleton

infants who weighed >2500 g at birth. The results showed almost half (47%) of the

infants initially were exclusively breastfed, but only 3.5% of these infants were still being

fed exclusively on breast milk after 4 months of age, and 34% of infants were not

breastfed at all; 9% of the infants were identified with delays in gross motor coordination

and 6% with fine motor coordination delays at age 9 months. This study suggests that the

protective effect of breastfeeding helps in the attainment of motor developmental

milestones.17

Meenakshi, et al were conducted a cross sectional study to find out the

association of postnatal growth and psychosocial development of the infants in an urban

slum of Delhi. 202 infants and their mothers were included in this study. Growth was

assessed using anthropometric measurements: weight & length for age and development

by psychosocial developmental scale developed by Indian council of medical research.

The results shown that the development was delayed in significantly higher percentage of

underweight (W/A<-2 S.D) than normal infants (p value<0.05): gross motor (15.3% and

4.5%), Vision &fine motor (21.1%, 4.6%) and social skills (27.6%, 12.1%). 18

6.2.2 Literature related to knowledge regarding growth and development of infants

among mothers.

Malathi.S was conducted a descriptive study regarding mother's

knowledge on growth and development of their children between 0-3years. The data

collected by the interview schedule among 114 mothers of under five children in the rural

area. Data was analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The present study revealed that the mothers had below average knowledge regarding

(47%) growth, average knowledge regarding development (71%) and factors affecting

growth and development (71%). Further the present study observed that mostly growth

and developmental delay occurs in 0-1 years of age group children than other children.19

Keng-Yen Huanga et al were conducted a study on maternal knowledge of child

development and quality of parenting among White, African-American and Hispanic

mothers at University of Maryland, Baltimore County, United States on 378 mother-

infant dyads. Mothers completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory

(KIDI) when the infant was 2–4 months, and mother–toddler dyads were videotaped in

their homes at 16–18 months. The Home Observation for Measurement of the

Environment Inventory (HOME), Parent/Caregiver Involvement Scale (P/CIS), and

Nursing Child Assessment by Satellite Training (NCAST) were used to measure quality

of mother–toddler interaction. The results revealed no significant main effect of maternal

correct estimation of child development on quality of parenting, but there was a

significant main effect of maternal underestimation of child development on quality of

parenting during a teaching task. There was also a significant interaction of maternal

knowledge and race in relation to quality of parenting behavior.20

Samuel B Nguah, et al (2009-10) were conducted a longitudinal study on

Perception and practice of Kangaroo Mother Care after discharge from hospital in

Kumasi, Ghana of 202 mothers and their inpatient Low birth weight neonates.

Mothers were interviewed at recruitment to ascertain their knowledge of Kangaroo

mother care, and then oriented on its practice. After discharge, the mothers reported

at weekly intervals for four follow up visits where data about their perceptions,

attitudes and practices of Kangaroo mother mare were recorded. This study concludes

that maternal knowledge of Kangaroo mother care was low at outset.21

Ertem I. O, et al were conducted a study on Caregiver Knowledge of Child

Development Inventory (CKCDI) and this study consisted of questions on when children

begin to demonstrate developmental skills and when caregivers should provide

opportunities for developmental stimulation. In total, 1200 mothers of children aged

≤3 years chosen by random population-based sampling were administered the caregiver

knowledge of child development inventory in their homes. Of the 1055 mothers with

complete data (88%), 64% had at most secondary school education and 11% were

employed. The median caregiver knowledge of child development inventory

questionnaire score was 19 (highest possible score 40). Mothers believed that most

developmental skills and activities should occur at later than normative ages and most

mothers did not know that sight (52%), vocalization (79%), social smiling (59%) and

overall brain development (68%) begins in the early months of life. These results

illustrate the degree to which caregivers from Turkey may be lacking information on

early childhood development and that caregiver knowledge needs to be further

investigated so that culture-specific and effective interventions can be planned.22

Ivonne Kleinfeld Mansbach, Charles W. Greenbaum were conducted a study

on developmental maturity expectations in children among 380 Israeli Jewish fathers and

mothers of 6-month-old infants. Subjects were administered a questionnaire which

included items reflecting three developmental domains: Cognitive maturity, biosocial

maturity, and social autonomy. The results shown that the cognitive maturity mothers had

earlier expectations than fathers, intermediate and higher educated parents had earlier

expectations than lower educated and nonreligious parents and moderately religious

parents had earlier maturity expectations than religiously strict parents. A reverse pattern

could be observed for Biosocial Maturity: On Social Autonomy mothers had earlier

maturity expectations than fathers.23

Dominic F. Gullo  was conducted a comparative study on knowledge of infant

development among adolescent mothers, older mothers, never pregnant teenagers. It has

been reported that children of adolescents are at risk for development delays primarily

because of their mother’s lack of understanding of infant development. In this present

study a comparison of never pregnant teenagers, adolescent and older mothers was

undertaken in order to determine if there were differences among the three groups: (a) on

an overall test of infant development; (b) on a test of motor, cognitive, social and

language infant abilities; and (c) on a test of first and second year infant abilities. Eighty

females (20 adolescent mothers, 20 older mothers, 40 never pregnant teenagers) were

given a 56 item test to determine their understanding of the emergence of specific infant

behaviors.24

6.2.3 Literatures related to computer assisted teaching programme.

Yusuf and Afolabi (2010) found that the computer assisted instruction is an

effective mode of instruction for teaching Biology to secondary school students both in

individualized and cooperative settings. Roblyer (1988) also found that students who

received science instruction through computer assisted instruction simulations achieved

more than those who studied in a conventional learning environment.26

Shubhangna Sharma and Shipra Nagar were conducted a study aimed at

providing educational intervention to mothers regarding knowledge on childcare and

nutrition. The study adopted a pretest-posttest research design. Total samples of 150

mothers were selected from two villages, one of which served as experimental group and

the other acted as control group. The tool consisted of a self-structured questionnaire

schedule. All mothers were first pre-tested regarding their knowledge on nursing,

neonatal and infant care, health, child’s growth, behavior and nutritional aspects. All the

mothers were then post-tested on the above aspects. The results shown that there were

significant differences in all the aspects of childcare and nutrition between experimental

and control group mothers during post testing.25

6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER

ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS AMONG MOTHERS AT PHC

HALEKOTE AREA OF HOLENARASIPURA.”

6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding growth and development of infants

among mothers.

2. To develop and implement computer assisted teaching programme regarding

growth and development of infants among mothers.

3. To assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching programme regarding

growth and development of infants among mothers.

4. To find out the association between level of knowledge with selected

demographic variables.

6.5 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY:

H1: There will be significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge

regarding growth and development of infants among mothers.

H2: There will be significant association between the selected demographic

variables with knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among

mothers.

6.6 ASSUMPTIONS:

1. The mother may have some knowledge regarding growth and development of

infants.

2. The study may enhance the knowledge regarding growth and development of

infants among mothers.

3. The Demographic variables like education, occupation and socio-economic

status will have influence in their knowledge regarding growth and

development of infants.

6.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:

ASSESS: It is the process of evaluating the importance or quality of study

regarding growth and development of infants before and after the implementation

of computer assisted teaching programme.

EFFECTIVENESS: It refers to the degree to which the computer assisted

teaching programme has achieved the desired effect as measured by mothers gain

in knowledge.

COMPUTER ASSISTED TEACHING: It refers to a teaching process that uses

a computer in the presentation of instructional materials regarding general

information on growth and development, biologic growth, fine motor, gross

motor, emotion, language and sensory development of infants.

KNOWLEDGE: It refers to the fact or condition of knowing information

regarding growth and development of infants such as general information on

growth and development, biologic growth, fine motor, gross motor, emotion,

language and sensory development.

GROWTH: It refers to a process of increasing in physical size.

DEVELPOMENT: It refers to a progressive increase in skills and capacity to

function.

INFANT: It refers to a child from 1 month to 1 year of age.

MOTHER: It refers to a woman in relation to a child or children to whom she

has given birth and having at least one infant.

PHC: Primary health center (PHC) is the basic structural and functional unit of

public health services situated at rural area which provides accessible, affordable

and available primary health care to people.

6.8 VARIABLES:

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:-

Computer assisted teaching programme regarding growth and development

of infants.

DEPENDENT VARIABLES:-

Knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers.

6.9 DELIMITATION:

1. The study is delimited to PHC Halekote area of Holenarasipura.

2. The sample size is delimited to 50.

3. Data collection period is delimited to 4-6 weeks

4. The computer assisted teaching programme is delimited to selected aspects of

growth and development of infants.

7.0 MATERIALS & METHOD:

7.1. SOURCE OF DATA:

Data will be collected from the mothers of infants at PHC Halekote area of

Holenarasipura.

7.2. METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA:

7.2.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:

Pre experimental, one group pre test and post test design.

Group Pre-test Intervention Post-test

A group of 50

mothers of infants

(one group) at PHC

Halekote area of

Holenarasipura

O1

X O2

Key;-

O1: Pre test knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among

mothers.

X: Computer assisted teaching programme regarding growth and development of

infants among mothers.

O2: Post test knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among

mothers.

7.2.2 RESEARCH APPROCH:

Pre experimental evaluative approach.

7.2.3 RESEARCH SETTING:

Study will be conducted at PHC Halekote area of Holenarasipura.

7.2.4 POPULATION:

Mothers of infants at PHC Halekote area of Holenarasipura.

7.2.5 SAMPLE SIZE:

50 mothers of infants.

7.2.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Non-Probability, Convenient sampling technique.

7.2.7 SAMPLING CRITERIA:

INCLUSION CRITERIA

1. Mothers who are having infants.

2. Mothers who are willing to participate in the study.

3. Mothers who are present at the time of the data collection.

4. Mothers who are residing at PHC Halekote area of Holenaraspura.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

1. Mothers of infants who are critically ill.

2. Mothers who are not willing to participate.

7.2.8 TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION:

Structured interview schedule consists of two sections.

Section A: Socio-demographic data.

Section B: Structured interview schedule regarding growth and development of

infants.

7.2.9 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION:

Data collection is the gathering of information needed to address a research

problem. The permission will be obtained from the concerned authorities before the data

collection. Pre test will be conducted with the demographic Performa and structured

interview schedule followed by administration of Computer assisted teaching programme

regarding growth and development of infants. Post test will be conducted after 7 days

with the same structured interview schedule.

7.2.10 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD:

Data analysis will be carried out through appropriate Descriptive and Inferential

characteristics.

7.3. DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED

ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMALS?

No,

7.4. HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR

INSTITUTION IN CASE OF ABOVE?

Yes, relevant copy is enclosed.

8.0 LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Parul Datta. Pediatric Nursing. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers medical publishers

(p) Ltd; 2007. p.12.

2. Dorothy R.Marlow, Barbara A Redding. Text book of pediatric nursing. 6th ed. New

Delhi: Elsevier publisher; 2001.p.163-94,546.

3. UNICEF. Early childhood. Available from http://www.unicef.org

4. Chris Plauche Johnson, Peter A Blasco. Infant Growth and Development. Pediatrics in

Review. July 1997. vol. 18. No. 7. P.224-42.

5. David perlstein. Infant milestones. In: William C. Shiel, editors. p.1. Available from

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/infant_milestones/article_em.htm

6. Infant mortality rate. Index mundi. Available from

http://www.indexmundi.com/india/infant_mortality_rate.html

7. Venkatesh M. Infant. Maternal mortality rates dip in state. April 2012. Available from

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/infant-maternal-mortality-rates-dip-in-state/249083-60-

115.html

8. Simkin, Penny, et al. Pregnancy, childbirth and the newborn. Meadowbook

Press. ISBN 0-88166-177-5. Available from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/infant

9. Dr. Manjula G. Kadapatti, Dr. P.B. Khadi. Prevalence of developmental delays among

infant. Indian stream research journal. July 2011. Vol.1. Issue – 6. Available from

http://www.isrj.net/July/2011/Home_Science_PREVALENCE_OF_DEVELOPMENT

AL_DELAYS%20.htm

10. Malnutrition in India. Health issue India. Available from

http://www.healthissuesindia.com/malnutrition/

11. Failure to thrive. Available from

http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/growth/thrive.html

12. Novella J .Ruffin. Understanding growth and development of infants. Available from

http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-055/350-055.net

13. Youssef N, Saker R, Mourad E, Mohamed E. Utilization of growth monitoring to

evaluate the effectiveness of teaching programme given to mothers of infants about

nutrition. New Egyptian journal of medicine. 1993 Jan. 8(1):313-9. Available from

http://www.popline.org /node/339020

14. Nombe.E. An investigation into the knowledge of mothers have about children’s

growth charts. Curations 1992 April:15(1); 26-28

15. Paul B, I Saha, A Dasgupta, RN Chaudhuri. A study on catch up growth among Low

birth weight infants in an urban slum of Kolkata, Indian journal of medical research.

2008. vol. 52. Issue: 1. p.16-20. Available from http://www.ijph.in

16. Zafar Meenai, Sheela Longia. A study on prevalence & antecedents of developmental

delay among children less than 2 years attending well baby clinic. People’s journal of

scientific research. Jan 2009. Vol.2 (1). Available from http://www.pjsr.org

17. Amanda Sacker, Maria A. Quigley, Yvonne J. Kelly. Breast feeding and

developmental delay. Official journal of the American academy of pediatrics.

Pediatrics vol.118.No.3. September1.2006. p.682-89. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-3141.

Available from http://www.pediatricsdigest.mobi /content/118/3/e682.ful

18. Meenakshi, SK Pradhan, JG Prasuna. A cross-sectional study of the association of

postnatal growth and psychosocial development of the infants in an urban slum of

Delhi, Indian journal of public health. 2007. vol. 32. Issue: 1. p.46-48. Available from

http://nipccd.nic.in PMID: 18700716.

19. Malathi S. Mother’s knowledge on growth and development of their children between

0-3 years in selected rural area. July 2012. vol.1. Issue-1. Available from

http://www.healthhubhamlets.org

20. Keng-Yen Huanga, Margaret O’Brien Caughyb, Janice L. Genevroc, Therese L.

Millerc. Maternal knowledge of child development and quality of parenting

among White, African-American and Hispanic mothers. Journal of applied

developmental psychology. March-April 2005. 149–170. Available from

http://www.sciencedirect.com

21. Samuel B Nguah et al. Perception and practice of Kangaroo mother care. BMC

pregnancy and child birth. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-11-99. Available from

http://www.biomedcentral.com

22. Ertem I O, G. Atay, D.G.Dogan, A.Bayhan, B.E.Bingoler, S.Ozbar, et al. Mothers

knowledge of young child development in a developing country. Child: care, health

and development. 23 Mar 2007.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00751.x. 33:728–737.

Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com

23. Ivonne Kleinfeld Mansbach, Charles W. Greenbaum. Developmental maturity

expectations of Israeli fathers and mothers: Effects of education, ethnic origin, and

religiosity. International journal of behavioral development. September 1999.vol. 23.

No.3. p.771-797. doi: 10.1080/016502599383793.Available from jbd.sagepub.com

24. Dominic F. Gullo. Knowledge of infant development. Early child development

care. 03 Aug 2006. p. 259-273. doi: 10.1080/0300443850220402. Available from

http://www.tandfonline.com

25. Shubhangna Sharma and Shipra Nagar. Impact of educational intervention on

knowledge of mothers regarding childcare and nutrition. Journal of social science.

2006. 12(2): 139-142. Available from http://www.krepublishers.com

26. Muhammad Khalid Mahmood. Effectiveness of computer assisted instruction in Urdu

language for secondary school students’ achievement in science. 2 February 2012.

vol. 12. ISSN: 1930-2940. Available from www.languageindia.com

ETHICAL CLEARENCE CERTIFICATE(Under Ethical Clearance Certificate)

We are hereby granting the permission to Mr. Mr. MANJU.S

1st year M.Sc. (N), Govt. College of Nursing, Holenarasipura, to conduct the study on

“A study to assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers at PHC Halekote area of Holenarasipura.”

Ethical committee members have gone through the study methodology and have opinioned that the study has been not ethical encumbrance, hence ethical clearance is given to the above prepared study.

MEMBERS OF ETHICAL COMMITTEE

1.Smt. R Sarojini Devi M.Sc. NursingPrincipal cum H.O.D. of Medical Surgical NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura

Chairperson

2.

Smt. M.B. Seethamma M.Sc. NursingVice PrincipalDept. of Community Health NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura

Member

3.Smt. Shilaja K.G. M.Sc. NursingAssociate professorH.O.D. Of Obstetrics and Gynaecological NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura

Member

4.

Sri. H.N. Patil M.Sc. NursingAssociate professorHOD of Community Health Nursing (I/C).Govt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura

Member

5.

Sri. Chandrashekar S.H. M.Sc. NursingAssociate professorDept of Medical Surgical NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura

Member

6.Sri. H.S. Arunkumar M.Com., L.L.B.AdvocateJ.M.F.C. Holenarasipura

Member

9 Signature of the Candidate

10 Remarks of the Guide

The topic is more appropriate and helpful for the mothers to improve their knowledge regarding growth and development of infants as it is more useful for them in caring of children.

11 Name and the Designation (in block letters)

11.1 Name of the Guide

Mr. H.N. PATILAssociate professorDepartment of Community Health NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura

11.2 Signature

11.3 Name of the Co-Guide (if any)

11.4 Signature

11.5 Head of the Department

Mrs. M.B. Seethamma H.O.D of Community Health NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura

11.6 Signature

12 12.1 Remarks of the Principal

The study will be very helpful to bring changes in knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers.

12.2 Signature