Communication Communication TechnologyTechnology

UAMG 3053UAMG 3053

Week 2Week 2

Development of the Development of the “New Media”“New Media”

Computer - HardwareComputer - HardwareHardware - electronic and mechanical elementsHardware - electronic and mechanical elementsMemory – Internal storage system and workplace. Memory – Internal storage system and workplace. Random Access Memory (RAM) – for rapid information storage and Random Access Memory (RAM) – for rapid information storage and

retrieval. retrieval. Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Microprocessor, the brain of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Microprocessor, the brain of a

computercomputer

Expansion Boards – for internal expansion cardsExpansion Boards – for internal expansion cardsData Storage – floppy disk, Zip disk, hard and removable disk drivers, Data Storage – floppy disk, Zip disk, hard and removable disk drivers,

CD, CD-ROMs, DVD.CD, CD-ROMs, DVD.

Monitor – Display componentMonitor – Display component VGA (640 x 480 resolution) and Super VGA (800 x 600+ resolution)VGA (640 x 480 resolution) and Super VGA (800 x 600+ resolution) CRT Monitor – Cathode-ray tube where rays of electrons are CRT Monitor – Cathode-ray tube where rays of electrons are

beamed onto a phosphorescent screen to produce image. beamed onto a phosphorescent screen to produce image. LCD Monitor - Liquid Crystal Display: a display technology that LCD Monitor - Liquid Crystal Display: a display technology that

relies on polarising filters and liquid crystal cells rather than relies on polarising filters and liquid crystal cells rather than phosphors illuminated by electron beams to produce an on-screen phosphors illuminated by electron beams to produce an on-screen image. image.

Computer- SoftwareComputer- Software

Software –Software –1. Operating System (OS) – software that manages 1. Operating System (OS) – software that manages

the fundamental operation of the hardware. the fundamental operation of the hardware. E.g. Windows XP by Microsoft, Mac OS by E.g. Windows XP by Microsoft, Mac OS by Macintosh Macintosh

2. Database and Spreadsheet programs2. Database and Spreadsheet programs3. Word Processing Programs3. Word Processing Programs4. Web Browsers4. Web Browsers5. Programming Languages5. Programming Languages6. Graphics Programs 6. Graphics Programs 7. Image Editing Programs – 7. Image Editing Programs – Final Cut Professional,Final Cut Professional, i-Moviei-Movie

8. Presentation Programs - 8. Presentation Programs - PowerpointPowerpoint

Computer Cont.Computer Cont.

Local Area Networks (LAN)Local Area Networks (LAN) an information and communication system that can tie an information and communication system that can tie

together a group of offices or other defined physical area. together a group of offices or other defined physical area. Enable to share system resourcesEnable to share system resources

Conceptual Model of a Computer Conceptual Model of a Computer SystemSystem

Basic Communication ModelBasic Communication Model

Operating

SystemApplication UserUserHardware

Sender Message Receiver

Computer Development TimelineComputer Development Timeline 1945 - John von Neumann wrote "First Draft of a 1945 - John von Neumann wrote "First Draft of a

Report on the EDVAC" in which he outlined the Report on the EDVAC" in which he outlined the architecture of a stored-program computer. architecture of a stored-program computer.

ENIAC, a machine built by John Mauchly and J. ENIAC, a machine built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.Presper Eckert.

1981 - IBM introduced its PC, igniting a fast 1981 - IBM introduced its PC, igniting a fast growth of the personal computer market. The first growth of the personal computer market. The first PC ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor PC ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsoft´s MS-DOS operating system. and used Microsoft´s MS-DOS operating system.

1981 - Adam Osborne completed the first 1981 - Adam Osborne completed the first portable computer, the Osborne I, which weighed portable computer, the Osborne I, which weighed 24 pounds and cost $1,795. 24 pounds and cost $1,795.

Computer ….Computer ….

1983 - Apple introduced its Lisa. The first 1983 - Apple introduced its Lisa. The first personal computer with a graphical user personal computer with a graphical user interface, its development was central in the interface, its development was central in the move to such systems for personal computers. move to such systems for personal computers.

1984 - Apple Computer launched the Macintosh, 1984 - Apple Computer launched the Macintosh, the first successful mouse-driven computer with a the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphic user interface, with a single $1.5 million graphic user interface, with a single $1.5 million commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl. Based commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl. Based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, the on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, the Macintosh included many of the Lisa´s features at Macintosh included many of the Lisa´s features at a much more affordable price: $2,500.a much more affordable price: $2,500.

Computer ….Computer …. 1984 - In his novel "Neuromancer," William 1984 - In his novel "Neuromancer," William

Gibson coined the term "cyberspace." He also Gibson coined the term "cyberspace." He also spawned a genre of fiction known as "cyberpunk" spawned a genre of fiction known as "cyberpunk" in his book, which described a dark, complex in his book, which described a dark, complex future filled with intelligent machines, computer future filled with intelligent machines, computer viruses, and paranoia viruses, and paranoia

2002 – Apple introduced a new version of iMac 2002 – Apple introduced a new version of iMac multimedia computer and iBook multimedia multimedia computer and iBook multimedia computer. computer.

Software Development TimelineSoftware Development Timeline 1948 - Claude Shannon´s "The Mathematical Theory of 1948 - Claude Shannon´s "The Mathematical Theory of

Communication" showed engineers how to code data so Communication" showed engineers how to code data so they could check for accuracy after transmission between they could check for accuracy after transmission between computers. Shannon identified the bit as the fundamental computers. Shannon identified the bit as the fundamental unit of data and, coincidentally, the basic unit of unit of data and, coincidentally, the basic unit of computation.computation.

1953 - John Backus completed speedcoding for IBM´s 701 1953 - John Backus completed speedcoding for IBM´s 701 computer. Although speedcoding demanded more memory computer. Although speedcoding demanded more memory and compute time, it trimmed weeks off of the and compute time, it trimmed weeks off of the programming schedule.programming schedule.

1956 - At MIT, researchers began experimentation on direct 1956 - At MIT, researchers began experimentation on direct keyboard input on computers, a precursor to today´s keyboard input on computers, a precursor to today´s normal mode of operation. normal mode of operation.

Software Development Timeline Software Development Timeline Cont.Cont.

1990 - Microsoft shipped Windows 3.0 on May 22. 1990 - Microsoft shipped Windows 3.0 on May 22. Compatible with DOS programs, the first Compatible with DOS programs, the first successful version of Windows finally offered successful version of Windows finally offered good enough performance to satisfy PC users. good enough performance to satisfy PC users.

1990 - Microsoft released Windows amid a $10 1990 - Microsoft released Windows amid a $10 million publicity blitz. In addition to making sure million publicity blitz. In addition to making sure consumers knew about the product, Microsoft consumers knew about the product, Microsoft lined up a number of other applications ahead of lined up a number of other applications ahead of time that ran under Windows 3.0, including time that ran under Windows 3.0, including versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. As versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. As a result, PCs moved toward the user-friendly a result, PCs moved toward the user-friendly concepts of the Macintosh, making IBM and IBM-concepts of the Macintosh, making IBM and IBM-compatible computers more popular.compatible computers more popular.

The InternetThe Internet A worldwide network of computer that grew out of A worldwide network of computer that grew out of

ARPANET, a defense-related communication ARPANET, a defense-related communication system developed in the 1960s (Severin).system developed in the 1960s (Severin).

An almost worldwide network of computers An almost worldwide network of computers enabling the transfer of data and creating a enabling the transfer of data and creating a technological system which in turn supports a technological system which in turn supports a number of other technologies (sub-system) such number of other technologies (sub-system) such as email, bulletin boards, internet relay chat and as email, bulletin boards, internet relay chat and the web (Thurlow). the web (Thurlow).

A worldwide system of interconnected network, A worldwide system of interconnected network, using the telecommunication infrastructure that using the telecommunication infrastructure that now supports a large number of types computer-now supports a large number of types computer-based communication exchanges (McQuail).based communication exchanges (McQuail).

The Characteristic of the Internet The Characteristic of the Internet and World Wide Weband World Wide Web

1. An evolving network1. An evolving network- new information pools become available as additional - new information pools become available as additional computers are linked to it. computers are linked to it.

2. Virtually eliminated geographical and time-based 2. Virtually eliminated geographical and time-based constraints.constraints.- information are available anytime, anywhere.- information are available anytime, anywhere.

3. Decentralization entity.3. Decentralization entity.

- a collection of independent computer system - a collection of independent computer system that no individual or organization own.that no individual or organization own.

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web Developed initially as a means of scientific Developed initially as a means of scientific

information exchange in the 1990s. information exchange in the 1990s.

A vast system of computer sites that can be visited A vast system of computer sites that can be visited by anyone with a browser program and a computer by anyone with a browser program and a computer hooked up to the Internet (Severin).hooked up to the Internet (Severin).

A system of computer servers connected through the A system of computer servers connected through the Internet, and which supports the exchange of files (or Internet, and which supports the exchange of files (or web-pages) formatted mostly in a simple web-pages) formatted mostly in a simple programming language known as HTML (HyperText programming language known as HTML (HyperText Markup Language). Markup Language).

The Web is a technology within a technology- it is just The Web is a technology within a technology- it is just one part of the Internet.one part of the Internet.

WWW ….WWW …. Web address are known as URL – Uniform Web address are known as URL – Uniform

Resource Locators.Resource Locators. Convergences in cyberspace – Fewer things done Convergences in cyberspace – Fewer things done

on the Internet are not hosted in the Web – email, on the Internet are not hosted in the Web – email, bulletin boards.bulletin boards.

Web

Web

Internet

Internet

Previously Currently

WWW….WWW….

The web has provided users with a familiar and The web has provided users with a familiar and intuitive interface. PC owners are already familiar intuitive interface. PC owners are already familiar with GUIs and graphical browsers extend this with GUIs and graphical browsers extend this metaphor to the Internet.metaphor to the Internet.

The web’s real-time interaction can save time.The web’s real-time interaction can save time.

Connectivity, Interactivity, and Connectivity, Interactivity, and Digital ConvergenceDigital Convergence

ConnectivityConnectivity = the ability to connect = the ability to connect computers, telephones, and other devices to computers, telephones, and other devices to other computers, devices, and sources of other computers, devices, and sources of information.information.

Connectivity has made possible many kinds of Connectivity has made possible many kinds of activities:activities:1. Email – electronic mail1. Email – electronic mail2. Telecommuting (work at home or home office)2. Telecommuting (work at home or home office)3. Online shopping/ e-commerce3. Online shopping/ e-commerce4. Databases – A collection of electronically 4. Databases – A collection of electronically stored data. stored data. 5. Online service, networks, and the Internet.5. Online service, networks, and the Internet.

Connectivity, Interactivity….Connectivity, Interactivity….

Interactivity = Interactivity = the user is able to make an the user is able to make an immediate response to what is going on and immediate response to what is going on and modify the process.modify the process.

It allows users to be active rather than passive It allows users to be active rather than passive participant.participant.

Example of interactive devicesExample of interactive devices

1. Multimedia computers – text, graphic, 1. Multimedia computers – text, graphic, animation, video, music, and voice.animation, video, music, and voice.

2. Internet appliances - WebTV, user can explore 2. Internet appliances - WebTV, user can explore the web, send and receive email, and watch the web, send and receive email, and watch regular TV on the same time.regular TV on the same time.

Connectivity, Interactivity…Connectivity, Interactivity… Digital Convergence = the technological merger Digital Convergence = the technological merger

of several industries (computers, of several industries (computers, communications, consumer electronics, communications, consumer electronics, entertainment, and mass media) through various entertainment, and mass media) through various devices that exchange information in the digital devices that exchange information in the digital format used by computers.format used by computers.E.g. WebTV, WinTVE.g. WebTV, WinTV

Technological convergence means that Technological convergence means that information can be communicated and shared information can be communicated and shared among traditional (newspaper, television,…)and among traditional (newspaper, television,…)and new media (satellite, cable, Internet, cellular new media (satellite, cable, Internet, cellular phone).phone).

ReadingReading

1. Mirabito, M. M. & Morgenstern, B. L. (2004). 1. Mirabito, M. M. & Morgenstern, B. L. (2004). Chapter 3 and Chapter 17.Chapter 3 and Chapter 17.

2. Thurlow, C., Lengel, L., & Tomic, A. (2004). Unit 2. Thurlow, C., Lengel, L., & Tomic, A. (2004). Unit 2, page 25-342, page 25-34

3. McLuhan’s and computer hand outs.3. McLuhan’s and computer hand outs.

ReferencesReferences1.1. Computer History and Timeline Computer History and Timeline

http://www.computerhistory.org/http://www.computerhistory.org/2.2. Hutchinson S. & Sawyer, S. (2001). Hutchinson S. & Sawyer, S. (2001). Computers, Computers,

communications, information: A user’s introduction. communications, information: A user’s introduction. New New York: McGraw-Hill.York: McGraw-Hill.

3.3. McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail’s Mass Communication McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. Theory. London: Sage.London: Sage.

4.4. McLuhan, M. (1994). McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding Media: The Understanding Media: The extensions of man. extensions of man. London: The MIT Press.London: The MIT Press.

5.5. Mirabito, M. M. & Morgenstern, B. L. (2004). Mirabito, M. M. & Morgenstern, B. L. (2004). The new The new communication technologies (5th ed). communication technologies (5th ed). New York: Focal New York: Focal Press.Press.

6.6. Severin, W. J. & Tankard, J. W. (2000). Severin, W. J. & Tankard, J. W. (2000). Communication Communication Theories: Origins, methods, and uses in the mass media. Theories: Origins, methods, and uses in the mass media. New York: Longman.New York: Longman.

7.7. Thurlow, C., Lengel, L., & Tomic, A. (2004). Thurlow, C., Lengel, L., & Tomic, A. (2004). Computer Computer Mediated Communication: Social interaction and the Mediated Communication: Social interaction and the internet. internet. London: Sage.London: Sage.

Tutorial Questions ~ Week 4Tutorial Questions ~ Week 4

1. What form of old medium or media does the computer 1. What form of old medium or media does the computer resembles to? Why?resembles to? Why?

2. According to McLuhan, what is the characteristics if a hot 2. According to McLuhan, what is the characteristics if a hot medium and cool medium? Do you agree with it? medium and cool medium? Do you agree with it?

3. (a) Explain and give example of the characteristic of the 3. (a) Explain and give example of the characteristic of the Internet and the WWW. Internet and the WWW. (b) Using the characteristic of the Internet and the WWW, (b) Using the characteristic of the Internet and the WWW, explain the differences of the Internet from traditional explain the differences of the Internet from traditional mass media.mass media.

4. Using Marshall McLuhan’s concept of “the medium is the 4. Using Marshall McLuhan’s concept of “the medium is the message” to explain a particular new media technology in message” to explain a particular new media technology in communication. For example, the Internet.communication. For example, the Internet.