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Prokaryotic Cells (Pro = before Karyotic = nucleus) cells without membrane- bound structures No real nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm Examples: bacteria
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COMMON CELL TRAITSA cell is the basic unit of all living
organisms.
Prokaryotic Cells(Pro = before Karyotic = nucleus)
cells without membrane-bound structures
No real nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm
Examples: bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells(Eu= real karyotic = nucleus)
cells with membrane-bound structures
Has a real nucleusEX: animals,
plants, fungi
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells(Pro = Before Eu= real Karyotic = nucleus)
Eukaryotes are larger
3 types of Eukaryotes
AnimalsPlantsFungi
Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Plant Cells and Fungi Cells
Comparing CellsSize Cell Wall Nucleu
sChloroplasts
Vacuole
Bacteria
Small Made of Peptidoglycan
N0 No Some bacteria have a large vacuole
Fungi Big Made of Chitin Yes No Yes
Plant Big Made of Cellulose
Yes Yes Large
Animal
Big No Yes No Small or absent
COMPARING CELLS
The size & shape of a cell relates to its function.
Specialised CellsYou are expected to be able to recognise the following specialised cells
Root hair cells – absorptionXylem vessels – conduction (transport) and supportPalisade Mesophyll – PhotosynthesisCiliated cells – in respiratory tractMuscle cells – contractionRed blood cells – transportNerve Cells – Conduction of impulsesSperm & Egg cells - Reproduction
Root hair cell
Absorbs minerals and water from the soil
Large Surface area
Xylem Cells
Transports water and minerals from roots to rest of plant
Dead cells: cell walls form a tube
Palisade Mesophyll Cells
Boxy shape to pack as many cells as possible at the top of the leaf
Ciliated Cells
Found in the Airways
Cilia move out mucus
Muscle cells
Long CellsFunction is to
contractMany cells form
a regular pattern3 types (skeletal,
smooth, cardiac)
Red Blood Cells
Transports oxygen
Large surface area
No Nucleus
Nerve CellsLong Axon to
transport electrical signals
Sperm Cells
Sperm cells have a tail (flagellum) for swimming
Egg Cells
Egg Cells are large because they contain food for the developing embryo
White Blood Cells
White Blood Cell destroys germs
Brain Cells
Brain Cells control
Cell structuresYou are expected to be able to recognise the following parts of a cellCell surface membraneCytoplasmNucleusVacuole(Mitochondria)
Cell Wall (plant cells only)Chloroplast (plant cells only
Other structures are
Animal Cells
Cell (Surface) MembraneOuter covering,
protective layer
Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell
allows waste products out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like, inside cell membrane
constantly flows
Organelles
The Cytoplasm contains several specialized structures
They are called organelles
Nucleus
Controls all cell activities
Contains DNAUsually the largest
organelleIt is the ‘brain’ of
the cell
Mitochondria
Organelles where Respiration happens
They are the ‘Power Plant’ of the cell
Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria
1 Mitochondrion – 2 Mitochondria
VACUOLES
Used for Food Storage
Animal cells can have more than 1 small vacuole
Plant Cells have 1 big vacuole
PLANT CELLSPlant Cells
have all organelles animal cells have
And a few that are only found in plant cells
CELL WALLProtects the
plant cellGives shapeMade of
Cellulose
CHLOROPLASTSGreen make food by
Photosynthesisfound only in
plant cells
CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that
gives leaves & stems their color
Captures sunlight energy that for Photosynthesis to produce Glucose
Animal Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Plant Cell
1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles
7- ER
8- Cell Membrane
NAME THE ORGANELLE
d. Mitochondriab. Chloroplast
c. Golgi body a. Nucleus
FROM CELL TO ORGANISMCell
The basic unit of life
TissueGroup of cells working together
OrganGroup of tissues working together
OrganismAny living thing made of 1 or more cells
Organ SystemGroup of organs working together