Combining Sentences

Chapter 6, pg 96

Why not write like this? See Spot run. Spot chases Mitten. See Mittens run. Mittens runs fast. See Mittens climb a tree.

Why combine sentences?

Two Ways to Combine Sentences Coordination- the pairing of similar

elements – words, phrases, or clauses – to give equal weight to each.

Subordination- Method of combining two clauses that contain ideas that are not equally important

Use Coordination when you have two sentences that contain ideas

of equal importance. The clauses are independent (simple

sentences).

Combining SentencesUsing Co-ordination

You can combine sentences by using punctuation and/or connecting words called conjunctions.

What is co-ordination? Co-ordination can link two independent clauses

to form a compound sentence. There are three ways to combine sentences.

How to combine sentences to produce a compound sentence

1.Use a comma & a coordinating conjunction

Everyone needs what the farmers produce, so

we should be concerned about their problems.

A conjunction is a connecting or joining word. What is the conjunction in this sentence? Name the seven co-ordinating conjunctions.

Comma + Coordinating Conjunction Name the seven coordinating conjunctions.

And but yet

for so nor

or

Do I have to have a comma? You can leave it out in a short

compound sentence but it is never wrong to include it

Caution When using a comma in this type of

compound sentence, be sure it truly is a compound sentence.

IC , conjunction IC

I left early, for the bus is often late.

Caution Don’t use a comma if the second part of

the sentence is not an independent clause.

I left early, for work. WRONG

I left early for work . RIGHT

Identifying co-ordinating conjunctionsIdentify the subject and verb for each independent clause.Then circle the comma and coordinating conjunction.

Pg 98, “Practice”The speaker rose to his feet, and the room became quiet.

1. The audience was packed, for this was a man with an international reputation.

Option 2: Semicolon + 2. Use a semicolon, an adverbial conjunction,

and a comma (Pg 101)

I worked hard; therefore, I expected results.

What is the adverbial conjunction in this sentence?

How to combine sentences Name some other common adverbial

conjunctions.

Pg 102

In addition however insteadaccordingly likewise indeed meanwhile

Identifying adverbial conjunctionsIdentify the subject and verb for each independent

clause. Then circle the semicolon, adverbial conjunction, and comma.

The jet was the fastest way to get there; moreover, it was the most comfortable.

The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented.

Caution Don’t use a comma instead of a semicolon.

The land was not for sale, however, the house could be rented. WRONG

The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented. RIGHT

Caution The land was not for sale; however the

house could be rented. WRONG

The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented. RIGHT

Option 3: Use a Semicolon3. Use a semicolon

I used to watch the Toronto Blue Jays play

baseball at Exhibition Stadium; tonight I’m

going to watch them play in the Skydome.

Here the semicolon takes the place of a conjunction.

Semicolons (continued) Use a semicolon only when the content of two clauses is

closely related. When sentences are combined using a semicolon, the

grammatical structure of each sentence should be similar (parallel).

The women pitched the tents; the men cooked dinner.

Exercise 7 on pg 105

Review As a writer, why would you want to use

co-ordination? When do you use co-ordination? Name the three ways to combine sentences

using co-ordination.

Combining Sentences using Subordination

Chapter 7, pg 113

Subordination Combines an INDEPENDENT clause

and a DEPENDENT clause.

IC: I drank the water DC: When I drank the water…

1. Before the show began

2. While Betty bought the tickets

3. I played some video games

4. The line at the concession stand was too long

IC or DC??

Using Subordinating Conjunctions Pg 123 After in order that unless

Although once until

As, as ifprovided that when, whenever

rather than As long as where,wherever

Becausesince whereas

so that Even though whether

Before though while

Subordinating Conjunctions (124) To introduce a condition

I will go as long as you go with me To introduce a contrast

I will go even though you wont go with me To introduce a cause

I will go because the meeting is important To show time, place or purpose

when, until, wherever, so that

Exercise 4: Pg. 1261. He was eating breakfast. The results of the

election came over the radio. 1. While he was eating breakfast, the results

of the election came over the radio.

2. The town council voted against the plan. They believed the project was too expensive.

2. The town council voted against the plan because they believed the project was too expensive.

Subordination using Relative Pronouns Sentences can be combined using a relative

pronoun.

The researcher had a breakthrough. He was studying diabetes.

The researcher who was studying diabetes had a breakthrough. Incorrect would be: The researcher had a breakthrough who was studying diabetes.

Exercise 8 pg 1321. Stress can do a great deal of harm.

We experience stress every day. 1. Stress, which we experience every day, can

do a great deal of harm.

2. People often use food to help them cope.Some people’s jobs are demanding.

2. People whose jobs are demanding often use food to help them cope.