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Colonization of America
The student will describe how early European exploration and colonization resulted in cultural interactions among
Europeans, Africans and Native Americans
SOL Questions
1. Why did Europeans come to America?
2. What were the consequences of the interactions of the American, European, and African nations?
3. Who were the VA Cavaliers?
3 Worlds Collide The greatness of early American civilizations made
them a target of the greedy Spanish. These conquistadores came in search of the gold and silver and other riches of the area. This collision of cultures led to the destruction of most early civilizations. Those that did not die from warfare; fell to diseases brought by the Europeans. Why did Europeans come to America? What made them interested in exploration? (Religious Freedom & Economic Opportunity)
EUROPE AFRICA AMERICA
The Lost Colony: Sir Walter Raleigh
In 1587, the Virginia Company, financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, sponsored the first permanent English settlement in the New World. One hundred men and 17 women landed on Roanoke island, off of the Virginia coast.
John White returned to England to obtain additional supplies. When he returned, nearly three years later, he found a deserted colony. The only clue as to the whereabouts of the colonists was the word "CROATOAN." To this day, the fate of these colonists remains a mystery.
1587 The Lost ColonySir Walter Raleigh
Entire Colony Disappeared
The Ferry (to Jamestown) at Scotland Wharf
1607-The first permanent English settlement in North America.
• Jamestown is founded by the VA Company of London as a Joint-Stock Venture
Why did they come to VA?• Was settled for economic gains
by the Virginia Company.
CavaliersWere the English nobility who received large land grants in VA from the King of England and helped settle the colony.
4. The settlers did not always get along---fights, struggles for power.
5. Conflict with the Powhatan Indians.
1609 THE STARVING TIMESJohn Smith leaves and relations with the Indians go sour.
The Colonists were on their own to find food.
1612
• John Rolfe introduces Tobacco.
• It becomes a cash crop.
1618
• The Head right system begins in Jamestown.
Advertisement urging people to come to VA
1619
•1st Africans arrive in 1619
Jamestown Important Dates
• 1612-Tobacco is developed• 1619
* VA House of Burgesses
* 1st women come to the colony
What was the first elected assembly (lawmaking body)
in the New World?
The VA House of Burgesses (1619)
1624
• Jamestown becomes a royal colony. It is placed under the direct control of the King.
3 Types of Colonies
1. Charter Colonies2. Proprietary Colonies3. Royal Colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion1676
I will burn Jamestown if it will not treat all
people equal.
The colonists of the Virginia colony were not always happy with their situation. Nathaniel Bacon led a revolt against the plantation owners of Jamestown because he felt poor people were being ignored.
The Southern Colonies.• Huge plantations
that grew cash crops dominated the southern lands.
Shirley Plantation
RICE TOBACCO
INDIGO
VirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia
What was the major reason for the settlement of Virginia
and the other Southern colonies?
Economic Opportunity
SOL 1 Vocabulary
• Cavaliers• Indentured Servants• VA House of Burgesses • Middle Passage• Cash Crops• CHARTER-The King grants
permission to colonists to
establish a Settlement.
SOL Notebook Questions5. Why was the VA House of Burgesses
important?6. Difference between Slave & Indentured Servant7.Why did Bacon’s Rebellion occur?
8. Importance of the Mayflower Compact9. How were the Puritans & Pilgrims different?
What was themajor reasonfor the settlement
of New England?
RELIGIOUS
FREEDOM
Who settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620?
The Separatists, who were commonly called thePilgrims.
The Puritan Way of Life
• The Puritans form a “covenant community” based on the Mayflower Compact.
• They were very INTOLERANT of other religions.
• They practice Direct Democracy through TOWN MEETINGS.
Plan of Government
The Mayflower Compact
The Pilgrim male settlers at Plymouth signed an agreement that helped establish the notion of self-government in the Americas.
The Mayflower
The Mayflower brought the first group of Pilgrims toNorth America in 1620.The ship sailed from Plymouth, England, on September 16, 1620, with102 passengers. The ship was headed for Virginia, where the colonists had been authorized to settle.
Squanto lived with the Pilgrims for 18 months. He died of a fever in1622.
http://www.scholastic.com/scholastic_thanksgiving/
Who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
THE PURITANS
Their leader was John Winthrop.
The New England Colonies• New England was
settled by the Puritans.We are seeking
Religious Freedom!Massachusetts
ConnecticutRhode IslandNew Hampshire
Rhode Island-Roger WilliamsRhode Island was founded by dissentersfleeing persecution from the Puritans in Massachusetts.
• Practiced freedom of religion.
• Anne Hutchinson fled to Rhode Island.
Salem Witch Trials The Salem witch trials occurred in
colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft.
20 were executed. Eventually, the colony admitted the
trials were a mistake.
Economy of New England
• Based of Shipbuilding. Fishing, lumbering, subsistence farming.
Middle Colonies
• DIVERSITY• Quakers in Penn.• Catholics in
Maryland• Dutch in New York• Generally believed
in more religious tolerance than New England.
• Mostly small farmers and business owners
New York Pennsylvania New JerseyDelaware Maryland
The Dutch settle in New York (New Netherlands).
1664 the Dutch are forced out of New York by the English.
Pennsylvania is established as a place for QUAKERS to worship.
What two groups of colonists generally believed in religious
tolerance?
1. Quakers-Pennsylvania
2. Roman Catholics-Maryland
Economy of the Middle Colonies
• Based of Shipbuilding. Trading, subsistence farming.
• Major Ports: Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia
• Known as the “bread basket” because of the fields of wheat, oats, barley
Why was slavery introduced in the South?
• The African slave trade and the development of a slave labor system resulted from plantation economies and labor shortages.
Journey to America for
slaves.
The Triangular Trade Route brought Africans to the English colonies.
Define indentured servant?
A person who agreed to worka certain number of years in exchange for payment of his passage to America.
James Oglethorpe establishes Georgia as a colony for debtors.
What about the Indians?
• Violent confrontations between the Europeans & the Native American led to the downfall of Native Tribes.
• Disease also killed thousands of Indians.• However the French & Indians forged a
cooperative alliance.
As the 3 worlds collided, things would change forever.
I knew I should have burned that Fort down.
Religious movement of themid-1700s that preached “fire and brimstone”sermons to encourage spiritual rebirth.
• Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield were two key figures.
