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Coal to Liquids PlantSite Selection in WV
Douglas G. Patchen
October 25, 2007
WV Energy Goal
• To displace 1.3 billion gallons of imported oil by the year 2030 through use of indigenous fuels
• Fuels developed in WV using WV resources
1.3 B gal Goal
• Amounts to 60% of WV’s current use
• Equals the % of US oil use that is imported
Proposed Solution: CTL
• Support the Governor’s CTL initiative by developing site selection screening criteria
• Assess the potential impact of CTL technology to meet the State’s goal
CTL Plants: Large Contributors
• 20,000 b/d output CTL plant could produce 300MM gallons of clean diesel and other transportation fuel each year
• 5 such plants would meet WV’s 1.3B gallons/yr goal
Why CTL? WV has…
• Substantial coal reserves
• Abundant water resources
• Established energy infrastructure
• Trained workforce
Increased Coal Production
• 20,000 b/d CTL plant requires 4 million tons of coal each year
• Coal for 5 plants would increase WV coal production by 15% each year
Reality…
• CO2 emissions from CTL plant are
significantly higher than from a petroleum refinery producing an equivalent amount of liquid fuel
Therefore, Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) system may be a necessary component of all CTL plants
CCS Potential
• CTL Plant capturing 85% of CO2 emissions would emit 3.7% more than a petroleum refinery with equal output
What do we need for CCS?
• To develop an adequate surface infrastructure
• To identify subsurface reservoirs capable of storing the anticipated amount of CO2
Value-Added CCS Options
• Benefits include reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing oil and gas production from…
• EOR projects in old oil fields
• ECBM projects in unmineable coal beds
Infrastructure Needs Significant
• RR or barge access to minimize coal transportation costs
• Access to enough water to meet plant processing and cooling requirements
• Proximity to electric transportation lines, natural gas pipelines, suitable reservoir
Bottom Line
• Compilation & availability of the proposed
data will provide a stimulus for
entrepreneurs and investors to explore
CTL opportunities in WV
Research Proposed
• Develop site-selection screening criteria
• Create a database of site-specific information
T-1: Develop Site Criteria
• Physical
• Environmental
• Geologic
• Workforce issues
Physical Characteristics
• Size and topography of available land
• Proximity to necessary infrastructure (water, coal, electric transmission lines, natural gas pipelines)
Environmental Criteria
• Potential impact on water quality or threatened and endangered species
• Sensitive sites such as wetlands and floodplains
• Establish environmental compliance thresholds CTL plants must meet
Geologic Criteria
• Geologic stability at the surface
• Critical subsurface reservoir quality parameters
• Ability to store the necessary volume of CO2 expected to be produced
Screening Weights
• Weights will be assigned to each criterion reflecting relative importance to CTL site
• Sites will be screened using this process; potential sites ranked
T-2: Create Database
• Database will be developed for all potential sites that pass the screening process
• DB will be restricted to sites capable of accommodating a 10,000 b/d CTL plant
• However, 20,000 b/d CTL plant necessary to meet economics
Nominating Sites
• Industrial, commercial, energy, business, government & economic leaders to be contacted by letter
• They can nominate a site; must submit all available data for the site to be screened
• Sites will be screened and ranked
Database Maintenance
• It is envisioned that WVDOE will continue to maintain this database after the proposed project ends
• Other sites will be evaluated and added/dropped as nominated
CTL – Wide Range of Products
• Liquid fuels
• Electricity
• Pipeline-quality gas
• Feedstocks for chemical industry
• Nitrates for fertilizer production
Site Visits
• Will be made – as time and budget permit – to more promising sites for further examination
Deliverables
• Final report that lists the site criteria, nomination and evaluation process, and lists the sites selected for inclusion in the CTL ranked-site database