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Aristotle’s Classification Animals were classified by where they lived. – Land dwellers – Water dwellers – Air dwellers Plants were classified as: – Herbs – Shrubs – Trees
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Classification
What is Classification?
Biologists want to better understand organisms so they organize them.• Classification = the grouping of objects or
information based on similarities.• Taxonomy = the branch of biology that groups and
names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics.
Aristotle’s Classification
• Animals were classified by where they lived.– Land dwellers– Water dwellers– Air dwellers
• Plants were classified as:– Herbs– Shrubs– Trees
Carolus Linnaeus
• Swedish naturalist formulated a system called Binomial Nomenclature.– Two word naming system (all organisms given
scientific names)– Consists of the genus & species– Latin Words / Italicized– Ex:• Man = Homo (genus) sapien (species)• Bobcat = Lynx (genus) rufus (species)
How Living Things are Classified Today
• The smallest taxon is species.– Organisms that look alike and successfully
interbreed belong to the same species.
• The next largest taxon is a genus.– A group of similar species that have similar
features and are closely related.
Taxonomy
• Domain– Consists of one or more kingdoms
• Kingdom– Taxon of similar phyla
• Phylum– Taxon of similar classes
• Class– Taxon of similar orders
• Order– Taxon of similar families
• Family– Consists of a group of similar genera
• Genus• Species
Most Broad Taxon
Most Specific Taxon
Example: Man• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata (backbone-like structure)
• Class: Mammalia (female produce milk for their young)
• Order: Primate (stand upright)
• Family: Hominidae (manlike structure)
• Genus: Homo (true man)
• Species: sapien (wise)
Remainder of Class
• Be on task!! The information you record today will be used (tentative) to build a cladogram (future topic)
• Make sure to research thoroughly to get the best information
You’ll be using this in the future!