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More than 2 million! Tremendous diversity Scientists estimate between 2 and 100 million species yet to be discovered
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Classification of
Organisms
How many different types of organisms are there on Earth?
More than 2 million!
• Tremendous diversity
• Scientists estimate between 2 and 100 million species yet to be discovered
What is classification?• Classification
– a systematic arrangement of organisms into groups or categories according to specific scientific criteria
• Taxonomy – science of classifying organisms
Why Classify?• Set up an organized
system so scientists can communicate
• Study similarities and propose relationships between organisms
• Show evolutionary linkages between organisms
Common Names• One species can have many different
names– Example:
Mountain lion, puma, cougar, or panther?•Vary among languages and
regions
Early Efforts at Naming Organisms
• Described the PHYSICAL characteristics– Example: Oak with deeply divided
leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges
• Different scientists described different characteristics
• Swedish botanist• Based his system on
STRUCTURAL similarities• Developed a ranking
system that went from broadest to most specific
• The father of modern taxonomy
Carlos Linnaeus
Binomial Nomenclature• The system used to
identify all organisms using a two part Latin name
• Each SPECIES is assigned a two-part name– Population of organisms
that share common characteristics and breed to produce fertile offspring
Keys to Binomial Nomenclature
Felis domesticus• Name has 2 part – Genus & species• Must be in italics or underlined• Genus (1st word) must be
capitalized• Species must be lowercase
Correct or Incorrect?•Triticum Aestivum - wheat •Felis domesticus - cat •canis lupus - wolf •Canis familiaris - dog •Populus deltoides -
cottonwood
Hierarchy of Classification• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
• King• Philip • Came• Over• For • Good• Soup
Linneaeus’s Hierarchy of Classification
• Kingdom• Phylum• Class • Order• Family• Genus• Species
• King • Phillip• Came • Over • For• Good • Soup
Classification Example
• Kingdom – Animalia– Multicellular– Heterotrophic
Classification Example
• Phylum – Chordata– Nerve cord
Classification Example
• Class – Mammalia– Mammary glands– Breathes air– Four-chambered hearts– Endotherms (generate
internal body heat)
Classification Example
• Order – Perissodactyla– Hooves– Odd number of toes on
each foot– Herbivore
Classification Example
• Family – Equidae– Long heads and necks– Mane– Long slender tails
Classification Example
• Genus – Equus– Three toes
Classification Example
• Species – grevi– Distinctive striping pattern,
with black stripes separated by narrow white bands
– Stripes continue down the legs to the hooves.
– There is a distinctive pattern on the hind quarters
Who am I?Equus grevi
How do scientists classify new organisms?
• They study their characteristics
• They try to see if they are similar to other already known organisms
• They group a new organism with others that have similar characteristics
Summary• Scientists use Linnaean classification
system to group organisms• Organisms are grouped based on
structural characteristics and information from all scientific fields
• Levels of classification start in large non-specific groups and end in small specific groups