CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS AND CELLS

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS AND CELLS

A) The life functions performed by a single-celled organism are different from the life functionsperformed by complex organisms.

B) Single-celled organisms carry out life functions that are essential for survival.C) Since single-celled organisms lack organs, they can survive only in moist environments.D) Single-celled organisms contain one organelle that performs all the life functions.

1. The activity of a single-celled organism is represented in the diagram below.

Which concept is best illustrated by this diagram?

A) contain genetic materialB) are single-celledC) lack cell organellesD) carry out autotrophic nutrition

2. Bacteria and humans are similar in that they both

A) nucleus B) chromosomeC) autotrophic cell D) heterotrophic cell

3. The diagram below shows a concept map.

Which label correctly identifies what X represents in the concept map?


A) crops grow differently in different climatesB) the corn plants all contained mutated genes that

made them growC) environmental conditions affect gene expressionD) the plants on one farm had different genes from

the plants on the other farm

4. Corn seeds with identical genetic information wereplanted on two adjacent farms. The cornplants on one farm were well fertilized and grewlarge, while the plants on the other farm were notgiven fertilizer and did not grow as large. The bestexplanation for these observations is that

A) Organism A contains organs, where as organism B lacks organs.

B) Organism A and organism B have the sameorgan systems.

C) Organism A and organism B both have structuresthat perform life processes.

D) Organism A lacks structures that help maintaindynamic equilibrium.

5. The diagram below represents two organisms.

Which statement concerning organism A andorganism B is correct?


A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

6. The dichotomous key below provides a way to classify some animals into groups according to theirphysical characteristics.

The key can he used to classify each of the four animals represented below.

Which row in the chart shows the correct classification group for each animal?

A) in different kingdoms.B) in the same kingdomC) have cell wallsD) have chloroplasts

7. Plants, animals, and bacteria are all

A) Giraffe and squirrelB) Human and dogC) Dog and bacteriaD) Grass and rosebush

8. Which of the following pairs of species are mostdistantly related?


A) asexual reproduction, herbivore, prey, aquatic,heterotrophic

B) sexual reproduction, predator, aquatic,heterotrophic, prey

C) asexual reproduction, autotrophic, predator,terrestrial, scavenger

D) sexual reproduction, carnivore, aquatic,autotrophic, prey

9. The daphnia shown below has produced three eggcells, eats live single-celled organisms, livesin freshwater, and is caught and eaten by animalsknown as hydra.

Which terms would most likely be used in adescription of this organism?

A) Certhidea B) Geospiza C) Camarhynchus D) Platyspiza

10. The dichotomous key shown below can be used to identify birds W, X, Y, and Z.

Bird X most likely falls under which classification?


A) A and B B) B and EC) C and D D) A and D

11. The table below gives both the common andscientific names of five New York State vertebrates.

Which two vertebrates are most closely related?

A) A and BB) B and CC) C and AD) Not enough information is given to answer the

question.

12. The chart below shows the classification of threeorganisms. Certain categories are not shown.

Which two organisms are the most closely related?

13. In the cartoon below, how would the organism on thecouch be classified?

A) tracheophyte B) arthropodC) fungus D) protist

A) dolphin B) songbirdC) lynx D) wolf

14. A classification scheme is shown below.

According to the classification scheme, what otheranimal is the house cat closest in relation to?


15. Which letter or letters in the chart below represent ananimal that could be a coelenterate?

A) A, only B) BC) C, only D) A and C

A) kingdom B) phylumC) genus D) species

16. Which classification category contains the greatestnumber of different types of organisms?

A) a coelenterate B) an annelidC) a chordate D) an arthropod

17. The remains of an organism are shown in thephotograph below.

This organism is classified as

A) bryophytes and tracheophytesB) coelenterates and annelidsC) protozoa and algaeD) bacteria and chordates

18. According to the five-kingdom classification system,which two groups of organisms are classified asprotists?

A) Miller – first to observe mitotic cell divisionB) Linnaeus – devised a binomial system for

naming organismsC) Darwin – invented the electron microscopeD) Watson – first to observe cells

19. Which scientist is correctly paired with hiscontribution to biological science?

A) monera B) protistaC) fungi D) plant

20. A scientist recently discovered a pond organism thatis unicellular, contains chloroplasts and othermembrane-bound organelles, and possesses aflagellum. In which kingdom is this organismclassified?

A) kingdom and phylumB) phylum and genusC) genus and speciesD) kingdom and species

21. In the cartoon below, Canus nipponicus refers to aproposed scientific name for an imaginary organism.

This proposed scientific name indicates the


A) kingdom and phylumB) phylum and speciesC) kingdom and genusD) genus and species

22. In the binomial system of nomenclature, which twoclassification groups provide the scientific name ofan organism?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

23. Which organism in the chart below is most distantly related to the other organisms?

24. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagrams below represent unicellular organisms. Inthe past, they were difficult to classify as eitherplants or animals.

A) coelenterates B) annelidsC) tracheophytes D) protists

Currently, these organisms are classified as

A) Living matter is unable to diffuse materials.B) Living matter is able to control chemical

activities with organic catalysts.C) Living matter is able to create energy.D) Living matter is unable to use energy for

metabolic activities.

25. What is a major distinction between living andnonliving matter?

A) coelenterates B) annelidsC) arthropods D) chordates

26. Which organisms are represented in the cartoonbelow?


27. Within which group would all members show the greatest similarity?

A) behavior B) structureC) size D) habitat

28. Organisms are classified into kingdoms primarily onthe basis of

A) the same genus and speciesB) the same genus but different speciesC) the same species but different generaD) different species and different genera

29. Two organisms, Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia, were observed in a drop ofpond water on a slide.These two organisms are members of


30. Base your answer to the following question on Inwhich kingdom are the organisms represented in thecartoon below classified?

A) protista B) moneraC) fungi D) plant


31. The scientific name for the fruit fly is Drosophilamelanogaster. What classification group does theword Drosophila refers to?

32. Base your answer to the following question on Howshould the organism shown in the diagram below beclassified?

A) bacterium B) fungusC) moneran D) protist

A) coelenterates B) annelidsC) arthropods D) chordates

33. Animals with chitinous exoskeletons and jointedappendages are classified as

34. The photograph below shows the skeleton of anorganism.

A) annelids B) coelenteratesC) chordates D) bryophytes

This organism is classified as a member of whichphylum?

A) producerB) saprophyteC) predator of green algaeD) decomposer of inorganic compounds

35. A unicellular protist that carries out the process ofphotosynthesis would be classified as a

36. Which two organisms in the chart below havechromosomes that are most similar in geneticcomposition?

A) A and B B) A and DC) B and C D) C and D

A) sapiens B) animalC) homo D) chordate

37. Which is the most specific term used to classifyhumans?

A) yeast, mushroom, maple treeB) paramecium, ameba, spirogyraC) bacteria, ameba, spirogyraD) bacteria, moss, geranium

38. In which group do all the organisms belong to thesame kingdom?


A) only biochemical similarities between thekingdoms become evident

B) only metabolic similarities between themembers of a phylum become evident

C) the evolutionary relationships betweenorganisms become evident

D) the characteristic behaviors of all organismsbecome evident

39. A major advantage of using the five-kingdom systemof classification is that

A) Plant A has many characteristics in commonwith plant B.

B) Plant C cannot be the same species as plant D.C) Plants A and B belong to a different kingdom

than plants C and D.D) Plants A, B, C, and D must all belong to

different phyla.

40. Plants A and B are classified as members of thesame species. Plants C and D are classified in thesame genus as A and B, but not the same species as A and B. According to this information, whichstatement is correct?

41. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

A) species B) genusC) family D) phylum

The organism in the diagram is classified as Proteus vulgaris. The term "vulgaris" refers to thisorganism's

A) B)

C) D)

42. In the diagrams below, the circles labeled Felis represent all members of the genus Felis, and thecircles labeled domestica represent members of thespecies domestica. Which arrangement of circlesbest illustrates the relationship between the genusand species of Felis domestica, the common housecat?

A) cannot mate with each other and produce fertileoffspring

B) live in two different geographical areasC) mutate at different rates depending on their

environmentD) have genes drawn from the same gene pool

43. Two organisms can be considered to be of differentspecies if they

A) kingdom, genus, phylum, speciesB) phylum, kingdom, species, genusC) kingdom, phylum, genus, speciesD) phylum, genus, species, kingdom

44. Which groups are arranged in correct descendingorder according to a modern classification system?

A) All cells have genetic materialB) All cells have cell wallsC) All cells have plasma membranesD) All cells can divide to form new cells

45. All of the following are true regarding cells except?

A) All cells have a cell wallB) All cells are photosyntheticC) All cells divide to form new cellsD) All cells have a nucleus

46. What is common to all cells?


A) They both have a nucleusB) They are both composed of cellsC) They both have chloroplastsD) They both lack a cell wall

47. What is a similarity between all bacteria and plants?

A) Any cell produced from this skin cell will havethe same mutation.

B) All offspring of the individual will have a skincell mutation.

C) The mutation will spread into other types ofcells.

D) The gametes of this individual will have thesame mutation.

48. A deletion of a DNA segment alters a gene in asingle skin cell of an individual. Which statementbest describes a result of this mutation?

A) human B) tissueC) stomach D) chloroplast

49. The diagram below represents levels of organizationin living things.

Which term would best represent X?

A) cells ® tissues ® organs ® organ systemsB) tissues ® organisms ® cells ® organ systemsC) cells ® tissues ® organ systems ® organsD) organs ® organisms ® organ systems ® cells

50. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order fromsimplest to most complex?

A) Cells are the basic unit of structure of livingthings.

B) Cells are the basic unit of function of livingthings.

C) Cell parts such as chloroplasts areself-replicating.

D) Cells come from preexisting cells.

51. Which statement is not a part of the cell theory?

A) Each cell in the system is identical to the othercells in the system, and each cell worksindependently of the other cells.

B) Some cells in the system may be different fromthe other cells in the system, but all cells arecoordinated and work together.

C) Each cell in the system is different from theother cells in the system, and each cell worksindependently of the other cells.

D) All cells in the system are identical to eachother and work together.

52. Which statement describing the cells in a bodysystem is correct?

A) alga B) bacteriumC) virus D) moss

53. Which organism is considered an exception to thecell theory because it has a noncellular structure?

A) an alga B) a yeastC) a bacterium D) a virus

54. To what would the phrase "is not a cell but has theability to reproduce within a living cell" best describe?

A) They are made up of many specialized cells.B) They contain genetic material.C) They reproduce by mitosis.D) They contain chlorophyll.

55. Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but theyhave some characteristics of living things. What isone of these characteristics?


A) all cells have nuclei that contain geneticinformation

B) living organisms are composed of cells thatarise from preexisting cells

C) all cells regenerate and contain the same basicstructures

D) organisms that lack certain organellesreproduce by binary fission

56. The cell theory states that

A) cell theoryB) lock-and-key model of enzyme activityC) concept of natural selectionD) heterotroph hypothesis

57. Living things contain units of structure and functionthat arise from preexisting units. This statement bestdescribes the

A) Plants and animals are made up of structuralunits known as cells.

B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain geneticmaterial and can replicate.

C) All cells arise from preexisting cells.D) The cell is the basic functional unit of all living

things.

58. Which statement describes an exception to the celltheory?

A) Viruses contain genetic information but lackother cellular components.

B) The cell is a complex "chemical factory."C) Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.D) Most bacteria are classified as heterotrophic

organisms.

59. Which statement illustrates an exception to theconcept that the cell is the unit of structure andfunction of all living things?

A) by binary fissionB) only in a host cellC) sexually by forming seedsD) asexually by forming spores

60. Viruses are considered an exception to the cell theorybecause they normally reproduce

A) the discovery of many new species during thelast century

B) the development of advanced techniques todetermine the chemical composition ofsubstances

C) the increase in knowledge concerning factorsinfluencing the rate of evolution

D) The improvement in microscopes andmicroscopic techniques during the last twocenturies

61. Which factor contributed most to the development ofthe cell theory?

A) always function independently of livingorganisms

B) are multinucleated cellsC) lack basic cellular organellesD) cannot be reproduced in a sterile culture

medium

62. Many scientists consider viruses nonliving. Evidencesupporting this consideration includes the fact thatviruses

A) Cells are the structural units in living things.B) Cells are the functional units in living things.C) New cells arise from preexisting cells.D) New cells have nuclei identical to those of

preexisting cells

63. Which statement is not part of the cell theory?

A) Cells are microscopic.B) Cells have definite boundaries.C) Cells require oxygen for metabolism.D) Cells come from preexisting cells.

64. Which statement is part of the cell theory?

A) With a microscopeB) With the naked eyeC) Using a magnifying glassD) You could not see the nucleus with any of this

instruments

65. During an experiment you want to view the nucleusof a cell. How would you most easily view thisorganelle?


A) a cellB) a virusC) a DNA sequenceD) the inner surface of a mitochondrion

66. Which structure is best observed using a compoundlight microscope?

A) dissecting microscopeB) electron microscopeC) ultracentrifugeD) microdissection instrument

67. Which piece of equipment would most likely beused to separate organelles from a mixture ofcrushed cells?

A) determine the number of atoms in a moleculeB) discover a basic similarity among organismsC) study the behavior of chordatesD) develop techniques for growing plants in a

laboratory

68. The invention of the compound light microscopeenabled scientists to observe cells, helping them to

A) genetic engineeringB) reproduction and developmentC) nutrition and replicationD) metabolic homeostasis

69. It was once thought that decaying meat turned intomaggots (fly larvae). Careful experimentation byscientists demonstrated that maggots actually comefrom fly eggs and not meat. These experimentsillustrate that new individuals result only from

A) discovery of the dissection microscopeB) invention of the 40× lensC) invention of the compound light microscopeD) development of the electron microscope

70. Most recently, biologists have increased theirknowledge of cell structure and organelles due to the

A) electron microscopeB) light microscopeC) microdissecting apparatusD) ultracentrifuge

71. Which instrument was used in the 18th and 19thcenturies and helped scientists develop the celltheory?

A) studies of the chemical activity of enzymesB) the development of wet-mount techniquesC) electron-microscope studiesD) detailed studies of chromosomes

72. The shape, size, and internal structure of themitochondrion have been revealed by

A) A compound light microscope was used toshow that the organelles in region 1 weigh lessthan those in region 2.

B) An electron microscope was used to show thatthe organelles in region 3 are the most complex.

C) Chromatography was used to determine that theorganelles in region 1 are more soluble thanthose in region 2.

D) An ultracentrifuge was used to separate theorganelles with varying densities into regions 1through 4.

73. The diagram below represents results obtained in astudy of a suspension containing both broken andwhole cells.

Which statement best describes the technique used toobtain these results?

A) a compound light microscopeB) an ultracentrifugeC) an electron microscopeD) a microdissection instrument

74. Cell organelles may be separated according to theirdensities by the use of

A) a dissecting microscopeB) a compound light microscopeC) an ultracentrifugeD) an electron microscope

75. To observe the internal structure of mitochondria in acell, a biologist would use


A) improvement of the microscope andmicroscopic techniques

B) use of a five-kingdom classification systemC) development of the gene-chromosome theoryD) discovery of bacteria and viruses

76. The development of the cell theory was most directlyrelated to the

A) electron microscopeB) microdissection instrumentC) dissecting microscopeD) ultracentrifuge

77. Which piece of equipment is used to obtainribosomes for biochemical analysis?

A) electron microscope cell theory compound light microscope

B) compound light microscope cell theory electron microscope

C) cell theory electron microscope compound light microscope

D) electron microscope compound lightmicroscope cell theory

78. Which is the correct sequence of historicaldevelopments leading to our present knowledge ofcells?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

79. The diagram below represents a cell that producesdigestive enzymes.

Which cellular structure would be the most likelylocation for the synthesis of these enzymes?


Base your answers to questions 80 and 81 on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology. The diagram represents a cell.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

80. Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

81. Which structure is responsible for the passage of materials into and out of the cell?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

82. Structures in an animal cell are represented in the diagram below.

Which row in the chart correctly identifies the functions of structures A, B, and C?

A) organs B) organellesC) tissues D) systems

83. An ameba, a one-celled organism, can move, ingest,and transport materials within the cell, because it has


Base your answers to questions 84 and 85 on thediagram and information below and on yourknowledge of biology. The diagram represents agerminating bean seed that has been split open.

A) develop roots to absorb starch from theenvironment

B) grow leaves, which use light energy for cellrespiration

C) have chloroplasts and use light energy to makemore food

D) produce more seeds, which contain additionalfood reserves

84. Plants are able to continue to grow and develop oncethe starch supply in the seed is gone, because they

A) ribosomes B) nucleiC) mitochondria D) vacuoles

85. When water is available and growth begins, the plantembryo inside the seed secretes enzymes to digestthe starch stored in the seed. The enzymes in cells ofthe plant embryo are produced directly by the

A) A B) B C) C D) D

86. A cell is represented in the diagram below.

The coded information that the cell uses tosynthesize many different proteins is stored instructure

A) ribosome B) chloroplastC) cell membrane D) mitochondrion

87. Which cell structure is mainly responsible forreleasing energy from food molecules in somesingle-celled organisms?

A) carbon dioxide and sugarB) oxygen and ATPC) ATP and carbon dioxideD) oxygen and sugar

88. The diagram below represents a cell structureinvolved in converting energy stored in organicmolecules into a form used by animal cells.

The arrows represent the movement of whichsubstances?


A) The organelles in B perform similar functionsto the organ systems in A.

B) The transport system in B is more complex thanthe transport system in A.

C) Both A and B take in oxygen from the water.D) Only A can pass on traits to offspring.

89. A land-dwelling organism, A, and an aquaticsingle-celled organism, B, are represented below.

Which statement best explains how A and B are ableto survive in their environments?

A) mitochondrion that synthesizes food for the cellB) nucleus that is the site of food storageC) mitochondrion that absorbs energy from the

SunD) nucleus that is responsible for the storage of

information

90. A photograph of human cells as seen with acompound light microscope is shown below. A cellstructure is labeled A.

Structure A is most likely a

A) All organelles are involved directly withcommunication between cells.

B) Organelles must work together and theiractivities must be coordinated.

C) Organelles function only when there is adisruption in homeostasis.

D) Each organelle must function independently ofthe others in order to maintain homeostasis.

91. Which statement best describes the organelles in acell?


A) similar to those performed by the tissues and organs in group BB) similar to those performed by the cell organelles in group BC) different from those performed by the tissues and organs in group BD) identical to those performed by the cell organelles in group B

92. The chart below shows examples from two groups of organisms, multicellular and one-celled.

The tissues and organs in group A perform functions that are

A) The mitochondria produce enzymes, andribosomes transport them.

B) The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleusstores genetic information.

C) The cell membrane make enzymes, andcytoplasm transports them.

D) The vacuole stores genetic information, andchloroplasts make proteins.

93. Which cell structures are correctly paired with theirfunctions?

A) tissues B) organellesC) organ systems D) organs

94. In a multicellular organism, organs carry out avariety of life functions. In a single-celled organism,these functions are performed by


A) maintain homeostasis by controlling water lossB) store excess heat during the day and remove the heat at nightC) absorb light energy necessary for cellular respirationD) detect changes in the biotic factors present in the environment

95. The diagram below represents changes in the sizes of openings present in leaves as a result of theactions of cells X and Y.

The actions of cells X and Y help the plant to

A) A B) B C) C D) D

96. The letters in the diagram below indicate some partsof a cell.

The function of which cell part is most similar tothat of the human excretory system?

A) nucleus and chloroplastB) ribosome and vacuoleC) nucleus and ribosomeD) mitochondrion and cell membrane

97. Which two cell structures work together in theprocess of protein synthesis?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

98. The cell represented below produces oxygen.

Which structure allows the passage of this oxygen tothe environment?

A) a window is to a buildingB) a solar cell is to a buildingC) a room is to a buildingD) the roof is to a building

99. The chloroplast is to a plant as


A) the motor is to a carB) the windshield is to a carC) the door is to a carD) the seatbelt is to a car

100. The mitochondria is to the cell as

A) rocks are to the oceanB) fish are to the oceanC) water is to the oceanD) the coral reef is to the ocean

101. The cytoplasm is to the cell as

A) the bones are to a humanB) the heart is to humanC) the muscles are to a humanD) the brain is to a human

102. The nucleus is the cell as

A) the ocean is to the EarthB) the atmosphere is to the EarthC) a house is to the EarthD) a forest is to the Earth

103. The cell membrane is to the cell as

A) The nucleusB) The cytoplasmC) The plasma membraneD) The cell wall

104. What cellular structure must oxygen cross to getfrom the outside to the inside of an animal cell?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

105. In the diagram below, which letter indicates the partof the cell that carries out a function most similar toa function of the human excretory system?

A) vacuole B) cell membraneC) nucleus D) ribosome

106. Within which structure of an animal cell does DNAreplication take place?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

107. The diagram below represents a cell of a greenplant.

Solar energy is used to produce energy-richcompounds in structure


A) ribosome–protein synthesisB) mitochondrion–movementC) vacuole–cell divisionD) nucleus–storage of nutrients

108. Which cell structure is correctly paired with itsprimary function?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

109. Which row in the chart below contains a cell structure paired with its primary function?

A) nuclei B) chloroplastsC) chromosomes D) mitochondria

110. The swordfish contains a heat generating organ thatwarms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above thesurrounding ocean water temperature. Whichstructures are most likely to be found at relativelyhigh concentrations within the cells of this heatgenerating organ?

A) storageB) coordinationC) synthesis of moleculesD) release of energy

111.What is the main function of a vacuole in a cell?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

112. In the cell shown below, which lettered structure isresponsible for the excretion of most cellularwastes?


A) cellular respirationB) photosynthesisC) digestion of fatsD) protein synthesis

113. The diagram below represents a plant cell.

Which process takes place in structure A?

A) It would stimulate mitotic cell division.B) The cell would be unable to synthesize

proteins.C) Development of abnormal hereditary features

would occur in the cell.D) Increased protein absorption would occur

through the cell membrane.

114. If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, whateffect would this most likely have on the cell?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

115. Within which structure shown in the diagram beloware energy-rich organic compounds used to produceATP?

A) tissues B) organ systemsC) organelles D) organs

116. Which structures carry out life functions withincells?

A) The absorption of ATP occurs at structure A.B) The synthesis of ATP occurs within structure B

.C) ATP is produced most efficiently by structure

C.D) The template for ATP is found in structure D.

117. The diagram below represents a cell.

Which statement concerning ATP and activitywithin the cell is correct?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

118. Which cell structure contains information neededfor protein synthesis?


A) B)

C) D)

119. Which diagram represents the relative sizes of the structures listed below?

A) within cytoplasm and outside of the cellmembrane

B) both inside and outside of the nucleusC) only within energy-releasing structuresD) within cell vacuoles

120. The data table below shows the presence orabsence of DNA in four different cell organelles.

Information in the table suggests that DNAfunctions

A) chloroplast B) ribosomeC) mitochondrion D) vacuole

121. What organelle releases energy for metabolicactivity in cells?


A) It aids in the removal of metabolic wastes inboth cell X and cell Y.

B) It is involved in cell communication in cell X,but not in cell Y.

C) It prevents the absorption of CO2 in cell X and02 in cell Y.

D) It represents the cell wall in cell X and the cellmembrane in cell Y.

122. The diagram below represents two cells, X and Y.

Which statement is correct concerning the structurelabeled A?

A) B) C) D)

123. Which diagram best represents the relative locations of the structures in the list below?A–chromosomeB–nucleusC–cellD–gene

A) store informationB) build proteinsC) release energy from nutrientsD) dispose of metabolic wastes

124. Certain poisons are toxic to organisms because theyinterfere with the function of enzymes inmitochondria. This results directly in the inabilityof the cell to A) take in material from the blood

B) release hormones to the bloodC) pass through artery wallsD) carry out cell division

125. As a human red blood cell matures, it loses itsnucleus. As a result of this loss, a mature red bloodcell lacks the ability to


A) organelles B) insulinC) guard cells D) antibodies

126. What has to be properly functioning in a unicellularorganism for homeostasis to be maintained?

A) cell membrane—storage of hereditaryinformation

B) chloroplast—transport of materialsC) ribosome—synthesis of proteinsD) vacuole—production of ATP

127. Which organelle is correctly paired with its specificfunction?

A) ribosomes, which have chromosomes thatcontain many genes

B) ribosomes, which have genes that containmany chromosomes

C) nucleus, which has chromosomes that containmany genes

D) nucleus, which has genes that contain manychromosomes

128. Hereditary information is stored inside the

129. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below of a cell associated withcoordination and on your knowledge of biology.

A) storage of digestive enzymesB) absorption of energy from the SunC) development of pathogensD) synthesis of proteins

Structure X would be involved in the

A) a nucleusB) a chromosomeC) a protein moleculeD) an enzyme molecule

130. The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell iscontained in

A) nucleus ® gene ® chromosomeB) gene ® nucleus ® chromosomeC) gene ® chromosome ® nucleusD) chromosome ® gene ® nucleus

131. Which sequence of terms represents a decreasefrom the greatest number to the least number ofstructures present in a cell?

A) only those cells of an individual produced bymeiosis

B) the nuclei of body cells of an individualC) certain genes in the vacuoles of body cellsD) the numerous ribosomes in certain cells

132. Where is most of the hereditary information thatdetermines the traits of an organism located?

A) have a smaller demand for cell proteins thanthe muscle cells of nonathletes

B) reproduce less frequently than the muscle cellsof nonathletes

C) have nuclei containing more DNA than nucleiin the muscle cells of nonathletes

D) have a greater demand for energy than themuscle cells of nonathletes

133. Muscle cells in athletes often have moremitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes.Based on this observation, it can be inferred thatthe muscle cells in athletes

A) cell membrane B) chloroplastsC) mitochondria D) ribosomes

134. In a cell, information that controls the production ofproteins must pass from the nucleus to whichorganelle?


A) tissues B) organellesC) systems D) organs

135. The diagram below represents two single-celledorganisms.

These organisms carry out the activities needed tomaintain homeostasis by using specialized internal

A) it does not require energyB) it has energy requirements equal to those of

thyroid tissueC) it requires less energy than thyroid tissueD) it requires more energy than thyroid tissue

136. Studies of fat cells and thyroid cells show that fatcells have fewer mitochondria than thyroid cells.What would a biologist most likely infer about fattissue?

A) Q B) R C) S D) T

137. Which letter indicates a cell structure that directlycontrols the movement of molecules into and out ofthe cell?

A) vacuoles B) ribosomesC) chloroplasts D) mitochondria

138. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving spermcells, a student concludes that these cells require alarge amount of energy to maintain their activity.The organelles that most directly provide thisenergy are known as

A) diffusionB) active transportC) information storageD) metabolic processes

139. In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out

A) mitochondrionB) endoplasmic reticulumC) cell wallD) ribosome

140. Which cell organelle is most directly involved withthe bonding of amino acids?

A) a nucleus B) chloroplastsC) a cell membrane D) centrioles

141. One difference between plant and animal cells isthat animal cells do not have

A) A B) B C) C D) D

142. Which organelle in the diagram below representsan exception to the cell theory because it containsgenetic material and can reproduce within the cell?


A) A B) B C) C D) D

143. Which letter in the diagram below indicates thestructure that is most closely associated withexcretion?

A) a tissue B) an organelleC) an organ D) a system

144. A structure that performs a specialized functionwithin a cell is known as

A) Structure A synthesizes and secretes cellularproducts.

B) Structure B contains nucleotides involved intransmitting genetic information.

C) Structure C utilizes carbon dioxide in theprocess of photosynthesis.

D) Structure D is the site of aerobic respiration.

145. A cell is represented in the diagram shown below.

Which statement about the cell is correct?

A) endoplasmic reticulumB) mitochondriaC) ribosomesD) chloroplast function

146. Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration?

A) nucleus — provides carbohydrates forfermentation

B) chloroplast — serves as a site forphotosynthesis

C) centriole — synthesizes digestive enzymesD) lysosome — packages cellular products

147. Which organelle is correctly paired with itsfunction?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

148. Which letter in the diagram below indicates anorganelle that functions primarily in the synthesisof long chains of amino acids?

A) intracellular transportB) protein synthesisC) aerobic respirationD) excretion of metabolic wastes

149. After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, theribosomes stopped functioning. Which cell activitywas immediately affected by this change inribosome function?

A) lysosomes and cell wallsB) chloroplasts and mitochondriaC) endoplasmic reticula and cell membranesD) vacuoles and Golgi complex

150. Which organelles outside the cell nucleus containgenetic material?

A) starch grains B) centriolesC) chloroplasts D) large vacuoles

151. Microscopic examination of an animal cell revealsthe presence of a plasma membrane but no cellwall. Which additional structures would normallybe present within this cell?


A) cell membrane, ribosomes, vacuoleB) cell wall, vacuole, chloroplastC) nucleolus, chloroplast, ribosomesD) mitochondria, nucleus, centrioles

152. Which unstained cellular organelles can be seenwith a compound light microscope that has a totalmagnification of 400×?

A) lysosomeB) chloroplastC) cell wallD) endoplasmic reticulum

153. Which cell organelle is composed of a series ofchannels throughout the cytoplasm that functions inthe transport of molecules?

A) The cell would undergo uncontrolled mitoticcell division.

B) The synthesis of enzymes would stop.C) The cell would produce antibodies.D) The rate of transport of glucose in the

cytoplasm would increase.

154. What would most likely happen if the ribosomes ina cell were not functioning?

A) cell walls and chloroplastsB) ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulaC) lysosomes and genesD) nucleotides and mitochondria

155. Which structures could most likely be observed incells in the low-power field of a compound lightmicroscope?

A) cell wall and lysosomeB) mitochondrion and chloroplastC) centrosome and nucleusD) endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome

156. Which organelles must be present within a cell of ageranium leaf for respiration and photosynthesis tooccur?

A) mitochondria and chloroplastsB) mitochondria and cell wallsC) cell walls and chloroplastsD) vacuoles and chloroplasts

157. Examples of self-duplicating cellular structures arethe

A) ribosomes B) centriolesC) chloroplasts D) nuclei

158. An intestinal cell that secretes an enzyme wouldmost likely contain many

A) cell wall B) plasma membraneC) ribosomes D) nucleus

159. Within a cell, where is the DNA chiefly found?

A) ribosome B) centrioleC) Golgi complex D) cell membrane

160. A structure involved in regulating the movement ofmaterials into a cell is the

Base your answers to questions 161 and 162 on thediagram below which represents a typical green plantcell and on your knowledge of biology.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

161. Which structure is chiefly composed of a nonlivingmaterial known as cellulose?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

162. The chemical reactions involved in the synthesis ofATP occur in structure

A) A B) B C) C D) D

163. Which cell organelle indicated in the diagrambelow controls the synthesis of enzymes?


A) nuclei B) chromosomesC) vacuoles D) ribosomes

164. What is the site of protein synthesis in plant cells?

A) centrioles B) lysosomesC) ribosomes D) mitochondria

165. A white blood cell ingests, then digests, a numberof bacteria. Which cell organelles were directlyresponsible for the digestion of the bacteria?

166. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a plant cell.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which cell structure functions as a storage site fororganic acid wastes?

A) lysosomeB) centrioleC) cell membraneD) endoplasmic reticulum

167. A cylindrical structure that appears to function inthe division of certain cells is the

A) intracellular digestionB) aerobic respirationC) synthesis of glycogenD) hydrolysis of lipids

168. Which metabolic process is most closely associatedwith the organelle represented in the diagrambelow?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

169. The micrograph below shows part of a cellcontaining a portion of a chloroplast.

The highest concentration of chlorophyll exists inthe region indicated by letter

A) contractile vacuolesB) food vacuolesC) pseudopodiaD) cilia

170. Which structures are used by a paramecium formaintaining water balance?

A) Golgi bodies B) chloroplastsC) mitochondria D) lysosomes

171. Which organelles' activity contributes most directlyto muscle contraction in an earthworm?

A) release energyB) store waste productsC) control nuclear divisionD) manufacture proteins

172. In the diagram of a cell below, the structure labeled X enables the cell to


A) cell wall B) moleculesC) plasma membrane D) protein

173. Which cellular organelle is represented by thediagram below?

A) a plasma membrane and cytoplasmB) chloroplasts and mitochondriaC) a cell wall and nucleusD) centrioles and chromosomes

174. Which structures are found in every living cell?

Base your answers to questions 175 and 176 on thediagrams below which represent two different cells.

A) secretionB) starch synthesisC) aerobic respirationD) food storage

175. In both cells, the organelles labeled E are the sitesof

A) A B) B C) E D) F

176. Cell II most likely represents a plant cell due to thepresence of

A) It selectively regulates the passage ofsubstances into and out of the cell.

B) It is composed of proteins and carbohydratesonly.

C) It has the same permeability to all substancesfound inside or outside the cell.

D) It is a double protein layer with floating lipidmolecules.

177. Which statement best describes the plasmamembrane of a living plant cell?

A) A and B B) B and CC) A and C D) B and D

178. Which structures in the diagram below enable theobserver to identify it as a plant cell?

A) cell divisionB) storage of fatsC) enzyme productionD) cellular respiration

179. Centrioles are cell structures involved primarily in


Base your answers to questions 180 through 182 on the diagrams below and on your knowledge ofbiology. The diagrams represent a single-celled organism and a multicellular organism.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

180. Rotenone is an insecticide that is toxic to humans as well as to insects. Rotenone interferes with theprocess of ATP production in the cell. Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the structurewhere ATP is produced and the reason it is affected by rotenone?

A) have the same structure and functionB) contain the same genetic materialC) are identical in structure, but different in functionD) contain only the genetic information needed for their specific job

181. Cells from structure E and cells from structure G are similar in that they

A) A and B are tissues; E and G are organs.B) A and B are organs; E and G are systems.C) A and B are tissues; E and G are organelles.D) A and B are organelles; E and G are organs.

182. Which statement correctly identifies the levels of organization for the structures indicated?

A) chloroplast guard cell leaf oak treeB) guard cell chloroplast leaf oak treeC) oak tree guard cell leaf chloroplastD) oak tree leaf guard cell chloroplast

183. Which sequence represents structures organizedfrom most complex to least complex?


A) nerve cell nucleus nervous system brain

B) nucleus nerve cell brain nervoussystem

C) brain nervous system nucleus nervecell

D) nervous system brain nerve cell nucleus

184. Which sequence represents structures organizedfrom least complex to most complex?

A) B)

C) D)

185. Which diagram best illustrates the relationship between the number of cells, tissues, and organs in acomplex multicellular organism?

A) tissues cells organelles organsB) cells organelles organs organismC) organelles cells tissues organsD) organism cells tissues organelle

186. Which sequence best represents increasingcomplexity?

A) occupy the same niche in most food websB) are composed of organ systemsC) have the same DNA sequencesD) carry out autotrophic nutrition

187. A similarity between humans and many othermulticellular animals is that they


A) "cells " between organelles and tissuesB) "proteins " between tissues and organsC) "populations " between organs and organ systemsD) "molecules " between organ systems and organisms

188. The diagram below represents an incomplete sequence of levels of organization.

organelles tissues organs organ systems organism

This sequence can be completed correctly by inserting

A) an organ system B) an organC) a tissue D) an organism

189. A brick is to house as a cell is to

A) fewer cells are in direct contact with theexternal environment

B) all cells are in direct contact with the externalenvironment

C) a body type evolved that relied on fewer bodycells

D) a body type evolved that required larger sizedcells

190. Specialized cells and organs are necessary inmulticellular organisms because in these organisms

191. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

A) cells, onlyB) cells and tissues, onlyC) an organ with cells and tissuesD) a complete system with organs, tissues, and

cells

Structure B represents


A) organism cell tissue organelle organ system organB) organ system organ organism cell tissue organelleC) organelle organ system cell organism tissue organD) organelle cell tissue organ organ system organism

192. Which sequence represents the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

A) digest large, complex moleculesB) contain more DNA than heart cellsC) use different genes than the heart cells useD) remove carbon dioxide from blood

193. A liver cell can make enzymes that a heart cell can not make because liver cells

A) Structure X is composed of many differentamino acids that determine the type of cell itwill become in the organism.

B) Structure X has the same base sequence in allthe body cells of the organism.

C) Structure X is a folded chain arrangement ofcarbohydrate found in all the body cells of theorganism.

D) Structure X contains 20 different kinds ofsubunits that are present in all the cells of theorganism.

194. The diagram below represents levels oforganization within a cell of a multicellularorganism.

Which statement is correct regarding the structurerepresented by X?

A) produce their own chemical messagesB) not respond with appropriate actionsC) develop different receptorsD) no longer be produced in the organism

195. The diagram below shows how a chemical messageproduced by one cell is received by other cells.

If these chemical messages are destroyed, the targetcells will

A) produce a hormone involved in respirationB) have the same genetic information but

perform different specialized functionsC) use one part of the genetic code to synthesize

all enzymes needed by the cellD) contain different numbers of DNA molecule

196. The human heart and lungs contain cells that


A) equal amounts of ATPB) identical genetic informationC) proteins that are all identicalD) organelles for the synthesis of glucose

197. Several structures are labeled in the diagram of apuppy shown below.

Every cell in each of these structures contains

A) These cells have different DNA than the cellsin other body systems.

B) These cells have specific types of receptors ontheir membranes.

C) Reproductive system cells could be harmed ifthey made contact with hormones from otherbody systems.

D) Cells associated with the female reproductivesystem only respond to the hormonetestosterone.

198. Which statement best explains why some cells inthe reproductive system only respond to certainhormones?

A) DNA codes in their nucleiB) enzymes in their mitochondriaC) amounts of water in their cytoplasmD) receptor molecules on their membranes

199. The virus that causes bird flu can attach to the cellsof the lower part of the respiratory system inhumans, but not to the cells of the upper part of therespiratory system. The most likely reason for thisis that these two groups of cells have different

A) plant cell, leaf, chloroplast, rose bushB) chloroplast, plant cell, leaf, rose bushC) chloroplast, leaf, plant cell, rose bushD) rose bush, leaf, plant cell, chloroplast

200. Which structures are listed in order from the least complex to the most complex?

A)

B)

C)

D)

201. Which model best represents the relationshipbetween a cell, a nucleus, a gene, and achromosome?

A) life span B) colorC) structure D) movement

202. The function of a cell depends primarily on its

A) a tissue B) an organC) an cell membrane D) an organ system

203. The respiratory system includes a layer of cells inthe air passages that clean the air before it gets tothe lungs. This layer of cells is best classified as


A) has more dominant traits than the skin cellB) can reproduce but the skin cell cannotC) carries out respiration but the skin cell does

notD) uses different genes than the skin cell

204. A human liver cell and a human skin cell in thesame person have the same genetic sequences.However, these cells are different because the livercell

A) organs organism cells tissuesB) organism cells organs tissuesC) cells tissues organs organismD) organism organs tissues cells

205. Which sequence shows a decreasing level ofcomplexity?

A) human organ systems lack the organellesfound in single-celled organisms

B) a human cell is more efficient than the cell ofa single-celled organism

C) it is not necessary for single-celled organismsto maintain homeostasis

D) organelles present in single-celled organismsact in a manner similar to organ systems

206. Humans require organ systems to carry out lifeprocesses. Single-celled organisms do not haveorgan systems and yet they are able to carry out lifeprocesses. This is because

A) Functions are carried out more efficiently byorgans than by organelles.

B) Organs maintain homeostasis while organellesdo not.

C) Organelles carry out functions similar to thoseof organs.

D) Organelles function in multicellular organismswhile organs function in single-celledorganisms

207. The table below provides some informationconcerning organelles and organs.

Based on this information, which statementaccurately compares organelles to organs?

A) chemicals made by blood cells and simplesugars

B) hormones and carbohydratesC) enzymes and starchesD) hormones and chemicals made by nerve cells

208. Two primary agents of cellular communication are

A) having two types of cells, one type from eachparent

B) rapid mitosis causing mutations in embryocells

C) new combinations of cells resulting frommeiosis

D) certain genes being expressed in some cellsand not in others

209. All cells in an embryo have the same DNA.However, the embryonic cells form organs, such asthe brain and the kidneys, which have verydifferent structures and functions. What are thesedifferences the result of?

A) (1) B) (2) C) (3) D) (4)

210. The diagram below represents three human bodysystems.

Which row in the chart below correctly shows whatsystems A, B, and C provide for the human body?


A) mutations usually occur in genes when musclecells divide

B) liver tissue develops before muscle tissueC) liver cells produce more oxygen than muscle

cellsD) liver cells use different genes than muscle

cells

211. Even though each body cell in an individualcontains the same DNA, the functions of musclecells and liver cells are not the same because

A)

B)

C)

D)

212. "Which diagram best represents the levels oforganization in the human body?"

A) tissues organs systems cellsB) organs tissues systems cellsC) systems organs cells tissuesD) cells tissues organs systems

213. Which sequence represents the correct order oforganization in complex organisms?

A) The cells produced by a zygote usually havedifferent genes.

B) As an embryo develops, various tissues andorgans are produced.

C) Replicated chromosomes separate duringgamete formation.

D) Offspring have a combination of genes fromboth parents.

214. Which statement indicates that different parts of thegenetic information are used in different kinds ofcells, even in the same organism?

A) A multicellular organism has organ systemsthat interact to carry out life functions, while asingle-celled organism carries out lifefunctions without using organ systems.

B) A single-celled organism carries out fewer lifefunctions than each cell of a multicellularorganism.

C) A multicellular organism always obtainsenergy through a process that is different fromthat used by a single-celled organism.

D) The cell of a single-celled organism is alwaysmuch larger than an individual cell of amulticellular organism.

215. Which statement best compares a multicellularorganism to a single-celled organism?

A) systems organs tissues cellsB) cells organs tissues systemsC) tissues systems cells organsD) cells tissues organs systems

216. The levels of organization for structure andfunction in the human body from least complex tomost complex are


A) cell A to cell B because cell B is able torecognize signal 1

B) cell A to cell B because cell A is able torecognize signal 2

C) cell B to cell A because cell A is able torecognize signal 1

D) cell B to cell A because cell B is able torecognize signal 2

217. Cellular communication is illustrated in thediagram below.

Information can be sent from

A) digestion absorption circulationB) absorption circulation digestionC) digestion circulation absorptionD) absorption digestion circulation

218. Which order of metabolic processes describes hownutrients are processed in the body?

A) different genes function in each type of cellB) liver cells can reproduce while the nerve cells

cannotC) liver cells contain fewer chromosomes than

nerve cellsD) different DNA is present in each type of cell

219. A human liver cell is very different in structure andfunction from a nerve cell in the same person. Thisis best explained by the fact that

A) organelle cell tissue organ organsystem organism

B) cell organelle tissue organ organsystem organism

C) organelle tissue cell organ organsystem organism

D) cell organism organ system organ tissue organelle

220. Which sequence illustrates the increasingcomplexity of levels of organization inmulticellular organisms?

221. Base your answer to the following question on "Some human body cells are shown in the diagramsbelow.

"

A) tissues in which similar cells function togetherB) organs that help to carry out a specific life

activityC) systems that are responsible for a specific life

activityD) organelles that carry out different functions

These groups of cells represent different

A) cells organelles organs organ systems tissues

B) tissues organs organ systems organelles cells

C) organelles cells tissues organs organ systems

D) organs organ systems cells tissues organelles

222. Which sequence represents the correct order oflevels of organization found in a complexorganism?


A) receptor molecules in the cell membraneB) proteins in the cytoplasm of the cellC) amount of DNA in the cellD) concentration of salts outside the cell

223. What determines the ability of certain hormones toattach to a cell?

A) digestive enzymes and gametesB) antibodies and chloroplastsC) hormones and nerve impulsesD) antibiotics and guard cells

224. A decreased ability to produce which of the belowwould affect communication between cells?

A) nerve signals and respiratory gasesB) respiratory gases and hormonesC) bones and musclesD) nerve signals and hormones

225. What do many multicellular animals use tocommunicate between cells?

Earth Science

Name _________________ Class _________________ Date _________

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.

36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.

71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.86.87.88.89.90.91.92.93.94.95.96.97.98.99.100.101.102.103.104.105.

106.107.108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.

Earth Science

Name _________________ Class _________________ Date _________

141.142.143.144.145.146.147.148.149.150.151.152.153.154.155.156.157.158.159.160.161.162.163.164.165.166.167.168.169.170.171.172.173.174.175.

176.177.178.179.180.181.182.183.184.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.195.196.197.198.199.200.201.202.203.204.205.206.207.208.209.210.

211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.

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CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS AND CELLS