I Intent of Proposed Federal Cannabis Act

• • • • • • •

Restrict youth access Protect young people Deter and reduce criminal activity Strictly regulate Protect public health Enhance public aware,ness of health risks Provide for legal production of cannabis

(Current program for medical cannabis will continue)

CITY OF CALGARY RECEIVED

APR 05 2018

CITY CLERK'S DEPARTMENT

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I Public Health Approach

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Canadian Drug Policy Coalition, www,drulpplity,c'B. concept from John Marks. •• Albnr La Hoallfl $arylees

lARS Recommendations • Enhance the separation distances in

development & land use bylaws & the Cannabis Guidelines

• Incorporate good neighbour agreements formally and at the beginning of the development process

• Use the good neighbour agreement process to provide the development authority flexibility to reduce separation distances with consent of the local community and named facilities

• Monitor and adjust as needed

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I SEPARATION DISTANCE & DENSITY

•

•

•

Important harm reduction tool to reduce • Access

. • Exposure • , . Normalization

Research on alcohol and tobacco use highlight the need for stronger controls on density and minimum distance Density limits reduce neighborhood impacts and youth access (CCSA.2015)

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Separation distance comparison

f lJO Admin Edmonton P' opo,.1 p,oposal AHS 5 mlrn.iteVol'alk

From liquorsto,,, 1 I, , 1 1

Ad"'in prol/o,ol AHS.5 minute wRlk

Fromchildcar .. o-Iq--I--+--------+---It----+---I -+-1 ----41

PLiD pr"p"s~1 Admin ~roPQ'.1 AHS 5 minute walk

From postsecondary 1-1 ----+---1It-------- --tt------1 -+-', ----4

AV~I .. ge Admin Am&rltan

proposal E<lmontcn ,,,sulation AIlS 5 minute walk From school property lin .. 11-----__ -----1II----I-I--+-\ -----111----+---1 - 11---1

Edmonton

o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

metres

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I How far is ... (time to walk?)

10m? - Across an alleyway

150m? . - From the west property line of city hall to the

west side of Olympic Plaza

300m? - From entrance of the Saddledome to the

entrance of the Big Four - From the theatre at Chinook mall to the central

time capsule

Jack James

High School

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Sample of High Schools with retail just beyond 150m

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I Liquor Stores

AHS recommends 100m

• an effective harm reduction policy o help discourage co-use

o simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis doubles the odds of impaired driving, social consequences and harms to self.

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I Separation distances for Bylaw

from property Une of school

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I Cannabis Store Guidelines Amendment

• Add new objective #1 "To promote community engagement in the first stages of development by requiring applicants to provide good neighbour agreements at the initial application stage

• Only allow a variation of the setback distances recommended by AHS where a good neighbour agreement is reached with the affected designated facility and it is supported by the good neighbour agreement with the community_ This would not be applied to liquor stores to reduce the separation distance

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I Limit hours of operation

• to limit availability late at night and early morning hours

• International evidence on alcohol availability shows that longer hours of sale increase the amount of alcohol consumed & rates of alcohol related harms.

• Most US legalized states limit hours to 10pm or mid-night.

• Edmonton administration recommends 11 pm • AHS recommendation of 10pm close to

surrounding communities in consultations

Recommend 10pm close & consult with surrounding communities

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"There are more medical marijuana dispensaries in Denver than Starbucks and McDonald's

stores" The Denver Post

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•

• •

I Limit number of stores

•

•

•

Increased availability of medicinal dispensaries impacts current use and increases frequency of use (Morrisonet al.,2014)

Online sales are available Lessons learned from alcohol

600% increase in the number of liquor stores since privatization in AB Number & concentration of alcohol outlets likely have a significant effect on excessive consumption and alcohol-related harms Research is clear, that as alcohol availability increases, so does the social and health harms to community.

• AlberlB Hn~llh • Se~lctS

I Retail cannabis licensing objections

AGLC does not regulate The number of cannabis stores in a municipality The location of stores and space between stores Municipal responsibility

Highlights the need for outlet density; and location of stores to be part of the municipal licensing process

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05/04/2018

420 Party Parliament April 2016 Reuters

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I Consumption Second Hand Cannabis Exposure • Second-hand cannabis smoke is more mutagenic

and cytotoxic than tobacco smoke (Cone et aI., 2011; Maertens et aI., 2013; Health Technology Assessment Unit, 2017)

2017 Study • No universal threshold to determine smoker vs.

second:..hand smoke exposure • 5ng/ml blood & 10ng/ml urine common

measures of impairment

• Above levels found 4-8hrs after exposure to second-hand smoke

• Unventilated spaces (small room or vehicle) (Holitzki, Dowsett, Spackman, Noseworthy, & Clement, 2017).

I Proposed Cannabis Consumption Bylaw

• AI!Jerte Heallh Sar-..l tlll

• We strongly support restriction on smoking, vaping and consuming cannabis in public spaces

• Consistent with public health approach until we can understand the full health harms

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i Proposed Changes to Consumption Bylaw

Delete Section 5 that allows for medical cannabis smoking and vaping in public places • Health Canada advises against smoking

& vaping of medical cannabis • Alternative products are available • Exemption for medical cannabis creates

needless complexity in enforcement • Creates confusion in social norms about

whether smoking or vaping is allowed in particular setting

...

Conwl ltlUon on Ibw rutU(O of Tobacco Control in tenade

WHAT we HEARD

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I Tobacco related diseases kill 10 Albertans Every Day

• With an estimated 45,000 deaths attributable to smoking in Canada in 2012, leading to nearly 600,000 potential years of life lost for premature mortality, tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of disease and premature death in Canada

Conference Board of Canada 2017

I

I Proposed Smoking & Vaping Bylaw

• Adjust smoking definitions to include new products such as heat not burn

• Amend Section 3b to include Public Parks & Outdoor Public Events under areas where smoking & vaping is prohibited

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I Public Health Approach

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Heroin Cocaine Methamphetamine

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Canadian Drug Policy Coalition, WWw,druRpollty,ca concept from John Marks.

I Thank you

Questions

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I RESPONSIBLE, LOWER-RISK USE MEANS:

• Cannabis may be legal for 18+ but there are negative health effects. Be informed, be cautious.

• Delay using cannabis until later in life. o The brain continues to develop until the mid-20s o Cannabis can hamper brain development o Evidence suggests l!sing cannabis in early adolescence can cause

adverse effects to the developing brain and increases risk of long­term cognitive impairments

• If you choose to use cannabis, choose lower-risk products such as low THC and avoid smoking it.

• Limit and reduce your use of cannabis. o Frequent use is linked to higher health/social problems. o Limit to occasional use such as on weekends, or one day a week at

most.

I RES~ONSIBLE, LOWER-RISK USE MEANS:

• Avoid mixing cannabis with alcohol, tobacco or prescription drugs o Using alcohol and cannabis together may result in greater impairment

so it is not a good idea to combine them. o Tobacco and cannabis together increases risks of addiction to nicotine

and problematic use. o Prescription drugs can be affected by cannabis so avoid combining

unless supervised by your doctor. • Don't use and drive.

o Cannabis affects reaction time, coordination and concentration. o Cannabis use increases chances of being in a motor vehicle collision .

• Don't use if you have your own or a family history of psychosis, substance use disorders or other mental health problems.

• Don't use if you are pregnant/nursing or think you might be.

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. I RESPONSIBLE, LOWER-RISK USE MEANS:

• Avoid smoking cannabis. o like cigarettes, smoking cannabis can harm your lungs. o If you do choose to smoke cannabis, avoid inhaling deeply or

holding breath to decrease toxic substances going into your lungs and body.

• Don't use synthetic cannabinoids (e.g. K2" Spice). It can be more toxic and potent and create a greater risk for overdose.

• Be aware of bad reactions o Symptoms of using too much cannabis include: paranoia,

panic, increased HR, confusion, nausea/vomiting. o If you, or someone you know, is having trouble breathing, has

gone pale, or is unresponsive, call 911.

Health risks

• Brain development • Consumption - early use, location,

dependence • Vulnerable populations • Mental health • Driving • Chronic disease

University of Calgary Evidence Series: httos:/lopen,alberta.C8fdataseU023ge5c2-5b48-4e93-9bcc-77f72f7bdc5e/resource/021 d8f84-5d8b-4e21 -bObb-81340d407944/downloadIAHTDP­Cannabls-Evidence-Serles-2017.pdf

• Albarta Heall1l S6nHoat

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I Potency

• Potency today is much greater than in pre-2000 • Due to growing methods and selective plant

breeding

• THe consumption • Pre-2000 4.Smg/day

Today in WA 2S0mg/day = SOx increase in daily THe consumption

I Public health priorities

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I Cannabis Use

Prevalence of cannabis use - Canadian youth ~ r-----~-----------------------.0

35 +----,

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10

Ever U$E! Past 12-month Past 3D-day use DailV use

I Research challenges

A review of 10,000 studies by McCormick et al. 2017 found:

"Conclusive evidence regarding the short-and long­term impacts of cannabis use remains elusive"

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