Characteristics of Weekend Travelin the City of Calgary:Towards a Model of

Weekend Travel Demand

JD Hunt, University of CalgaryDM Atkins, City of Calgary

17th Annual EMME/2 User Conference

Calgary AB, Canada October 2003

• Introduction• Motivations• Background

• Weekend Travel Characteristics• Times• Generation, Modes• Purposes

• Model Form • Conclusions

OutlineProvide an Overview

Introduction;Motivations

• Need weekend coverage for complete coverage• total benefits• total emissions

• Acknowledge travel patterns different from weekdays

• Identify present and future conditions for weekend• some congestion on Saturdays in particular

• Develop transport policy for weekend• infrastructure development• transit service design

Time of Day Profile for Shaganappi Tr W South of 32 Ave N

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00

Time

Tra

ffic

Vo

lum

e

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Comparison of Weekday and Weekend Trip Purposes

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Home to Work and Workto Home

Home to School andSchool to Home

Home to Shopping andShopping to Home

Home to Other and Otherto Home

Non Home Based

Trip Purpose

Per

cen

t o

f T

ota

l D

aily

Tri

ps

(%)

Weekday

Weekend

Number of Trips on a Typical Weekday Split by Purpose and Person Type (Origin & Destination Combined)

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000

Non Home Based

Home to Other

Home to Shopping

Home to School

Home to Work

Tri

p P

urp

ose

Number of Trips

Adult

Grade-School

Post-Secondary

Pre-School

Senior

Weekday

Number of Trips on a Typical Saturday Split by Purpose and Person Type (Origin & Destination Combined)

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000

Non Home Based

Home to Other

Home to Shopping

Home to School

Home to Work

Tri

p P

urp

ose

Number of Trips

Adult

Grade-School

Post-Secondary

Pre-School

Senior

Saturday

Number of Trips on a Typical Weekday Split by Purpose and Person Type (Origin & Destination Combined)

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000

Non Home Based

Home to Other

Home to Shopping

Home to School

Home to Work

Tri

p P

urp

ose

Number of Trips

Adult

Grade-School

Post-Secondary

Pre-School

Senior

Sunday

Introduction;Background

• Have weekday travel model• aggregate, equilibrium approach• 25 segments• nested logit choice structure• EMME/2-based• consumer benefits for travellers

Segment Person Type Trip Purpose 1 Elementary / Junior High Student Home to School 2 Elementary / Junior High Student Home to Other Purpose 3 Elementary / Junior High Student School to Home 4 Elementary / Junior High Student Other Purpose to Home 5 Elementary / Junior High Student Non-Home-Based 6 Senior High Student Home to School 7 Senior High Student Home to Other Purpose 8 Senior High Student School to Home 9 Senior High Student Other Purpose to Home 10 Senior High Student Non-Home-Based 11 Post-Secondary Student Home to School 12 Post-Secondary Student Home to Other Purpose 13 Post-Secondary Student School to Home 14 Post-Secondary Student Other Purpose to Home 15 Post-Secondary Student Non-Home-Based 16 Adult Worker (Not need car at work) Home to Work 17 Adult Home to Other Purpose 18 Adult Worker (Not need car at work) Work to Home 19 Adult Other Purpose to Home 20 Adult Non-Home-Based 21 Senior Home to Other Purpose 22 Senior Other Purpose to Home 23 Senior Non-Home-Based 24 Adult Worker (Need car at work) Home to Work 25 Adult Worker (Need car at work) Work to Home

24 Hour Trip Generation:

10 trip 1 trip

person i

8 trips....

24 Hour Trip Destination Choice:

1

2 V destination zone j(1) j(2)

origin zone i

j(n)....

Time of Day Choice:

2

3 Vam off

daily i-j

pm

Mode Choice:

4

5

6

7Vcar1 car2 car3

car p&r

transit auto

mechanical

cycle

metabolic

walk

time of day i-j 3

Peak Crown / Shoulder Choice:

7

8 Vpeak crown

car mode i-j

peak shoulder

Introduction;Background

• Have observations of travel behaviour on weekends• part of Household Activity Survey (HAS)• 8,400 households in total• 2,200 households concerning weekend travel• all trips over 100m

• Developing weekday commercial movements model

• Seeking to be consistent in treatment of weekends

develop spec for weekend modeldevelop spec for weekend model

Weekend Travel Characteristics;Weekday vs Saturday vs Sunday

• Excluding holiday periods

• At 13 permanent count stations combined• Saturday traffic volume 78% of AAWT• Sunday traffic volume 64% of AAWT

• Saturday and Sunday patterns over day very similar

• Consider a single typical weekend day in model?

2001 Daily Traffic Volume for 16 Ave West of Deerfoot Tr

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

01/01 01/31 03/02 04/01 05/01 05/31 06/30 07/30 08/29 09/28 10/28 11/27 12/27

Date

Dai

ly T

raff

ic V

olu

me

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Percents by Time of Day from all count stations combined

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00

Time

Per

cen

t o

f T

ota

l Vo

lum

e (%

)

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Percentage of Overall Weekend Trips by 15-Minute Period and Day (Smoothed)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00

Time

Per

cent

age

of T

otal

Trip

s (%

)

Saturday Trips

Sunday Trips

Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to Work Purposes

• Generation much lower on weekends

• Mode split on weekends:• less transit and P+R• more auto passenger and walk

Distribution of 0, 1, and 2+ trips in Home to Work Purpose

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

1000000

0 1 2+

Number of Home to Work Trips

Dis

trib

uti

on

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Work Trips

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Dis

trib

uti

on Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Work Trips

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Per

cen

t o

f M

od

e D

istr

ibu

tio

n

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to School Purposes

• Generation much lower on weekends

• Mode split on weekends:• Saturday and Sunday different

• Saturday:• less transit, school bus, P+R and auto passenger• more auto driver, walk and cycle

• Sunday:• less auto passenger and walk• no cycle, P+R and school bus• more auto driver and transit

Distribution of 0, 1, and 2+ trips in Home to School Purpose

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

0 1 2+

Number of Home to School Trips

Dis

trib

uti

on

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Distribution of Mode Use for Home to School Trips

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Auto Driver AutoPassenger

Transit School Bus Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Dis

trib

uti

on

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Home to School Trips

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Auto Driver AutoPassenger

Transit School Bus Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Per

cen

t o

f M

od

e D

istr

ibu

tio

n

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to Shopping Purposes

• Generation much greater on weekends

• Mode split on weekends:• less auto driver and transit• more auto passenger

Distribution of 0, 1, 2, and 3+ trips in Home to Shopping Purpose

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

0 1 2 3+

Number of Home to Shopping Trips

Dis

trib

uti

on

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Shopping Trips

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Dis

trib

uti

on Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Shopping Trips

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Per

cen

t o

f M

od

e D

istr

ibu

tio

n

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to Other Purposes

• ‘Other’ excludes work, school and shopping

• Generation somewhat greater on weekends

• Mode split on weekends:• less auto driver and transit• more auto passenger

Distribution of 0, 1, 2, and 3+ trips in Home to Other Purpose

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

0 1 2 3+

Number of Home to Other Trips

Dis

trib

uti

on

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Other Trips

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Dis

trib

uti

on Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Other Trips

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Per

cen

t o

f M

od

e D

istr

ibu

tio

n

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to Other Purposes

• 2 basic kinds of ‘Other’• Other-1 attracted to retail employment• Other-2 attracted to population

• Other-1 includes:• shopping• eating out• entertainment / leisure• medical / financial

• Other-2 includes:• school• religious / civic• exercise• social

Shopping ActivityLocations

Social ActivityLocations

Weekend Travel Characteristics;Non-Home-Based Trips

• Generation on weekends:• bit more on Saturdays• bit less on Sundays

• Mode split on weekends:• highly dominated by auto throughout• less walking (fewer weekday work lunch-time trips)

Distribution of 0, 1, 2, to 8+ trips in Non Home Based Purpose

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8+

Number of Non Home Based Trips

Dis

trib

uti

on

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Distribution of Mode Use for Non Home Based Trips

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Dis

trib

uti

on Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Non Home Based Trips

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other

Travel Mode

Per

cen

t o

f M

od

e D

istr

ibu

tio

n

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Weekend Travel Characteristics;Activities

• Shift on weekends:• away from work and school• to leisure, shopping and other activities

• Less regular on weekends – less transit

• More family groups on weekends – more auto passenger

• About as much time spent travelling on Saturday as a weekday, bit less on Sunday

Average Hours Spent on Different Activities for all Person Types Combined

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Activities

Ave

rag

e N

um

ber

of

Ho

urs

Sp

ent

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Average Number of Hours Spent of Different Activities by Adults

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Activities

Ave

rag

e N

um

ber

of

Ho

urs

Sp

ent

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Average Hours Spent on Different Activities by Grade-School Students

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Activities

Ave

rag

e N

um

ber

of

Ho

urs

Sp

ent

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Average Hours Spent on Different Activities by Senior High Students

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Activities

Ave

rag

e N

um

ber

of

Ho

urs

Sp

ent

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Average Hours Spent on Different Activities by Post Secondary Students

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Activities

Ave

rag

e N

um

ber

of

Ho

urs

Sp

ent

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Average Hours Spent on Different Activities by Seniors

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Activities

Ave

rag

e N

um

ber

of

Ho

urs

Sp

ent

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

Model FormConsistency with Weekday Model

• Aggregate, equilibrium approach

• Range of segments – about 25 or so

• Nested logit choice structure for each segment

• EMME/2-based

Model FormSegments

• Separate person types based on• transit fares• driving opportunities• equity considerations

• Separate purposes based on• regularity• compulsory / discretionary• behaviour

• Combine ‘Adult Worker’, ‘Adult Worker need car at work’, and ‘Adult Other’ categories used in weekday model

• work distinction less important as work less prevalent• mode choice dominated by auto

Segment Person Type Trip Purpose 1 Elementary / Junior High Student Home to Other-1 2 Elementary / Junior High Student Home to Other-2 3 Elementary / Junior High Student Other-1 to Home 4 Elementary / Junior High Student Other-2 to Home 5 Elementary / Junior High Student Non-Home-Based 6 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Home to Other-1 7 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Home to Other-2 8 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Other-1 to Home 9 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Other-2 to Home 10 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Non-Home-Based 11 Adult Home to Work 12 Adult Home to Other-1 13 Adult Home to Other-2 14 Adult Work to Home 15 Adult Other-1 to Home 16 Adult Other-2 to Home 17 Adult Non-Home-Based 18 Senior Home to Other-1 19 Senior Home to Other-2 20 Senior Other-1 to Home 21 Senior Other-2 to Home 22 Senior Non-Home-Based

Model FormTimes of Day

• Represent peak and off-peak conditions

• Several options• one peak: 12:00-16:00• peak spreading: 2 shoulders either side along with peak

• Expect greater elasticity in time of day choice• less compulsory in time

• Still undecided, need to trade-off between• representation of conditions near large retail areas• number of time periods

24 Hour Trip Generation:

10 trip 1 trip

person i

8 trips....

24 Hour Trip Destination Choice:

1

2 V destination zone j(1) j(2)

origin zone i

j(n)....

Time of Day Choice:

Mode Choice:

4

5

6

7Vcar1 car2 car3

car p&r

transit auto

mechanical

cycle

metabolic

walk

time of day i-j 3

Peak Crown / Shoulder Choice:

7

8 Vpeak crown

car mode i-j

peak shoulder

2

3 V off

daily i-j

peak

Conclusions

• Travel behaviour different on weekends• appropriate to have different model

• One day for Saturday and Sunday combined• not as accurate• not more complex than weekday model

• Segmentation:• 2 Categories of ‘Other’ Purposes

• based on attractors at destination end• 1 Category of Adult Person Type

• reduced role of work and need car at work

Conclusions

• Exciting times• ‘unknown territory’, still lots of questions• a way ahead• much more comprehensive modelling provided

• Look forward to reporting in future