Upload
others
View
6
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval 1
CIRA icing codes and findings for the IPW benchmarks
F. Capizzano, P. Catalano , A. Carozza, D. Cinquegrana, F. Petrosino
CIRA – Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospazialie-mail: [email protected]
1st AIAA Ice Prediction WorkshopWorkshop in Conjunction with the AIAA AVIATION 2021 Forum
All Virtual/Remote Participation26-29 July 2021
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Motivations
CIRA solvers
Ice-accretion chain
Specific findings and conclusions
Future works
OUTLINE
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Challenge: the numerical prediction of in-flight ice accretion is becoming a valid mean to demonstrate the compliance with certification rules
Physics: ice accretion is a time-dependent multi-disciplinary field (aerodynamic, thermodynamic, multi-phase flow, geometry handling)
Expertise: CIRA has a solid background in icing, both numerically (MULTICE, ZEN-IMP3D, SIMBA-ICE, OpenFoam) and experimentally (IWT facility). Participation in EU-funded projects ICE-GENESIS (SLD) and MUSIC-HAIC (Ice-Cristals).
Goal: coupling different methodologies to exploit their respective benefits towards the fully automatic prediction of the ice accretion process
MOTIVATIONS
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Method Data manag. Turbulent Droplet Thermodynamic Surface deformation
SIMBA-ICEIB-RANS
3D Finite-VolumeFully Unstruct. k-w TNT Eulerian Messinger Multistep
Dynamic-IB
MultiIcePotential-BL
2D Finite Diff.Structured - Lagrangian Messinger Multistep
Lagrangian
ZEN-IMP3DRANS
3D Finite VolumeMulti-Block Structured k-w TNT Eulerian - Multistep
Lagrangian
OpenFoamRANS
3D Finite-VolumeOctree k-w SST Lagrangian - -
MESS3DSurface
Finite VolumeFully Unstruct. - - Messinger Multistep
Lagrangian
CIRA NUMERICAL CAPABILITIES
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Air and water phases
FV method, 2nd order skew-symmetric CDS scheme
Green-Gauss cell-center gradient reconstruction
Implicit 2nd order time-accurate integration
Standard k-ω TNT and Kalitzin k-g turbulence models
Wall modelling for medimum/high Reynolds number flows
Hybrid RANS-LES method: eXtra Large-Eddy Simulation
(X-LES) proposed by J.C. Kok.
( )TEwvu ρωρκρρρρρ ,,,,,,=Q( )Twvu αααα ,,,=Q
SIMBA FRAMEWORK
Mesh generation
CAD direct input (e.g. STL-format)
Can treat multi-body configurations
Unstructured data management
Anisotropic refinements
Cell tagging using a ray-tracing technique
Buffer Layers
Window refinement
Interface with the flow solver for adaptive refinements
based on the flow-field solution
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Software package for evaluating ice-accretion on 2D airfoils
Panel method for the air-phase or imported by a CFD external solver
Lagrangian approach for evaluating droplet trajectories
Ice-accretion is computed by using the classical Messinger model.
Different approaches are available: predictor, predictor-corrector or multi-step.
MULTI-ICE FRAMEWORK
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Aerodynamics by in-house ZEN code
Structured multi-block flow solver for EULER-RANS-
URANS equations
Finite-Volume, cell-centered
Jameson-like scheme
Dual-time stepping for time-accurate simulations
Several turbulence models
TNT κ-omega applied
Impingment by in-house IMP3D code
Eulerian method
Drag, gravity and buoyancy terms in momentum
equations
Pressure and viscous terms neglected for particle
phase
Finite-Volume, cell-centered
Same grid as aerodynamics
( )TEwvu ρωρκρρρρρ ,,,,,,=Q
( )Twvu αααα ,,,=Q
ZEN-IMP3D FRAMEWORK
Hybrid RANS-LES: Confluence of wake and bundary layerDrag-reduction devices
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
• OpenFOAM is free and open source framework
• OpenFOAM includes solvers for any application, including particles (Eulerian or Lagrangian approach)
• Capability to customize solvers and applications
• 2D and 3D geometries
OPENFOAM FRAMEWORK
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
I/O interface
MESS3D FRAMEWORK
ZEN flow IMP3D drop
SIMBA flow SIMBA dropMESS3D
Unstructured Advanced Messinger model for mixed phase accretion
Input converted in unstructured-data format for MESS3D (if needed)
Iterative Messinger model distributes runback-out flow based on surface skinfriction/Euler velocities
HTC computed internally in the MESS3D code
Grid vertices deformations by averaging neighbors freezing-cells’ thickness
Strucured data stream
Unstrucured data stream
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Aerodynamic flow field on clean geometry
Ice accretion modelling
Modified geometry
t=tfin
noyes
stop
Eulerian / Lagrangian approach
IB / Body fittedapproach
Aerodynamic flow field on iced geometry
Water impingement evaluation
Multilayer PDEs Mass, thermal balance - Messinger model
ICE ACCRETION CHAIN
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
11
GLAZE-ICEMVD = 20 µmLWC = 0.55 g/m3
Tp = 265.37°KSpray time = 7 min.Nsteps= 10
M = 0.33Re = 5.10*106
α = 3.5°c = 0.5334 m
NACA0012 NASA- RUN401
air-phase
air-phase
water-phaseice-accr.
mesh adapt.
water-phase
SIMBA-ICE: VALIDATING MULTI-STEP ACCRETION
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Free-streamM = 0.23Re = 5.03*106
α = 6°T = 291.2 °KPstatic = 83025 Pa
y/b = 0.5 y/b = 0.9
Note: wing placed in WT with AOA applied and slip-BCs at side-walls
SIMBA-ICE: CASES 111 AND 112
NACA 64A008 HTAIL
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Free-streamM = 0.23Re = 5.03*106
α = 6°T = 291.2 °KPstatic = 83025 Pa
Note: wing placed in WT with AOA applied and slip-BCs at side-walls
CASES 111 AND 112
Case-111: MVD=21µm Case-112: MVD=92µm
NACA 64A008 HTAIL
No SLD modelling!
SIMBA OpenFoam
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Free-streamM = 0.23Re = 4.9*106
α = 4°T = 291.2 °KPstatic = 84850 Pa
Slat
air-phase water-phase water-phase
Note: far-field domain-boundarieswith free-stream AOA
CASES 121 AND 122
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
CASES 121 AND 122
Slat Main FlapCase-121: MVD=21µm
Slat Main FlapCase-112: MVD=92µm
No SLD modelling!
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
CASE-241 (rime)M = 0.35Re = 3.8*106
α = 2°MVD = 30 µmT = 250.15 °KPstatic = 92528 PaLWC = 0.42 g/m3
Spray time = 5 min.
SIMBA-ICE: CASE-241
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
CASE-242 (glaze)M = 0.31Re = 3.4*106
α = 2°MVD = 30 µmT = 266.05 °KPstatic = 92941 PaLWC = 0.81 g/m3
Spray time = 5 min.Nsteps= 10
air-phase water-phase
air-phase
SIMBA-ICE: CASE-242
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
18 in NACA 23012 - Test case n. 242 MultiIce (Panel/Lagrangian)
MULTI-ICE: CASE-242
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
72 in NACA 23012 - Test case n. 252 MultiIce (Panel/Lagrangian)
MULTI-ICE: CASE-252
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
CASE-361 (rime)M = 0.32Re = 7.2*106
α = 0°MVD = 34.7 µmT = 257 °KPstatic = 92321 PaLWC = 0.50 g/m3
Spray time = 20 min.
Note: wing placed into WT with slip-BCs at side-walls
SIMBA-ICE: CASE-361
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
CASE-361 (rime)M = 0.32Re = 7.2*106
α = 0°MVD = 34.7 µmT = 257 °KPstatic = 92321 PaLWC = 0.50 g/m3
Spray time = 20 min.
SIMBA-ICE AND ZEN-IMP3D-MESS3D: CASE-361
One-shot ice-accretion
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval Date
In general, the finite-volume Eulerian solvers SIMBA-ICE and ZEN-IMP3Dproved superior to the Lagrangian Multi-Ice and OpenFoam solvers when appliedto compute water droplet impingement for the IPW benchmarks.
Roughness, convective heat transfer, runback, water film formation, etc. have keyroles for the “glaze-ice” accretion (e.g. the NACA23012 case-241).
On the whole, the developed multi-step FV methods could be good candidates forfuture developments towards complete 3D ice-accretion estimation.
The flexible treatment of Cartesian meshing around complex geometries, likethose encountered in icing, makes the IB-method particularly attractive.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval Date
CIRA is developing a multi-step and multiphase approach for ice-accretion:
• Remeshing technique for the multi-block structured solver ZEN-IMP3D.
• Remeshing/refining technique for the IB-solver SIMBA.
In parallel, CIRA is developing an ice-accretion method based on a modifiedMessinger 3D model.
CIRA is implementing new/improved SLD models into the in-house Eulerian 2D and 3D solvers.
FUTURE WORKS
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval 24
Questions