FIRST YEAR OF DR. JOSE RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD

1. HIS BIRTH

• June 19, 1861 midnight of Wednesday

• Calamba, Laguna

• baptized on June 22, 1861 by Rev. Rufino Collantes

• was names “Jose” by the mother of his godfather Rev. Pedro Casanas, in honor of St. Joseph

• Lieutant General Jose Lemery- Governor General of the Philippines

2. ANCESTORS

• Domingo Lameo

- the great great grand father of Rizal in his paternal side

- Chinese immigrant from Fukien city of Changchow

- change his family surname to “Mercado” which means “market in english and it also appealed to his business nature ; it also reminded him of his Chinchew ancestors who were mostly merchant

• Ines de la Rosa

- daughter of a Chinese merchant from Chuanchow

- Christian girl of Manila

- married to Domingo Lameo

2. ANCESTORS

• Francisco Mercado

- son of Ines and Domingo

- resided in Biñan and elected as gobernadorcillo

• Juan Mercado

- has also been elected as gobernadorcillo like his father

• Eugenio Ursua

- great-great grandfather of Rizal in maternal side

- descendant of Japanese settlers

- married a Filipina named Benigna

• Manuel de Quintos

- A Filipino-Chinese lawyer from Pangasinan

2. ANCESTORS

Paternal Side

Domingo Lamco

Francisco Mercado

Ines dela Rosa

Bernarcha Monicha

Juan Mercado Cirila Alejandro

Francisco Mercado Rizal

Maternal Side

Eugenio Ursua

Benigna

Manuel de Quintos

Regina Ochoa

Lorenzo Alberto Alonso

Teodora Alonso

Realonda

Brigida de Quintos

PARENTS

• Francisco Mercado

- born in Binan, Laguna

- May 11, 1818

- educated farmer

- studied Latin and Philosophy at College of San Jose in Manila

- moved to Calamba and became a tenant farmer of Dominicans

- died at the age of 80, January 5, 1898

- Rizal called him: “A model of Fathers”

PARENTS

• Dona Teodora

- born on November 8, 1826 in Manila

- studied at the College of Santa Rosa

- Remarkable woman

- Rizal said: “My mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture; ...”

- died at the age of 85, August 16, 1911

THE RIZAL CHILDREN

Saturnina (1850-1913), nicknamed Neneng was the eldest children. She married Manuel T. Hidalgo.

Paciano (1851-1930), Rizal’s only brother. Paciano became a second father to his sibling.

Narcisa (1852-1939), pet name was Sisa. She was a teacher and a musician by profession, and married Antonino Lopez who was a school teacher in Morong, Rizal.

Olimpia (1855-1887), pet name was Ypia. Was the fourth child of the brood who married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila.

THE RIZAL CHILDREN

Lucia (1857-1919) was the fifth child of the Rizal family who was married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba.

Maria (1859-1945), nickname was Biang. She was the sixth of the eleven children who married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.

Jose (1861-1896), nickname was Pepe

Concepcion (1862-1865), died of sickness at the age of 3.

THE RIZAL CHILDREN

Josefa (1865-1945) was the ninth child and affectionately called Panggoy. She remained a spinster throughout her life.

Trinidad ( 1868-1951) Trining was her pet name. Died an old maid.

Soledad (1870-1929), Choleng was her pet name. She was the youngest children. She married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba

3. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS

• Economic Conditions

- Middle-Class Family (Principalia) - Two-Storey building rectangular in shape built of adobe stones and hard wood and roofed with red tiles - poultry yard - big garden of tropical fruits - Owned a carriage and private library (largest in Calamba) - The children was sent to the colleges in Manila - Dona Teodora managd and operated a small flour mill and home made ham press

3. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS

• Social Conditions

- Participated prominently in all social and religious affairs in the community - Gracious hosts to all visitors and guest

• Political Conditions

- Francisco Mercado and Juan Mercado were elected as gobernadorcillo

4. INTENSE CARE FOR RIZAL

• Rizal was a frail, sickly, and undersized child

• An aya (nurse maid) was employed to look after Rizal’s comfort.

5. EXPERIENCES THAT MOLDED RIZAL AS A HERO

A. DEVOTION TO RELIGION

- Born and bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, Rizal grew up a good Catholic.

- At the age of three, he began to take part in the family prayers, his mother, who was a devout Catholic, taught him the Catholic prayers.

- At the age of five, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish family bible.

-Loved to go to church, pray, take part in novenas, and join the religious processions.

-It is said the he was so seriously devout that he was laughingly called ‘Manong Jose’ by the Hermanos and Hermanas Terceras.

- One of the men he esteemed and respected in Calamba during his boyhood was Fr. Leoncio Lopez, the town priest. He used to visit him and listened to his stimulating opinions on current events and sound philosophy of life.

B. FIRST MENTORS/ TEACHERS

• Dona Teodora – Rizal’s mother, who was a remarkable woman of good character and fine culture. On her lap, he learned at the age of 3 the alphabet and the prayers. As a tutor, Dona Teodora was patient, conscientious and understanding.

• Maestro Celestino  and Maestro Lucas Padua – they were the first private tutors who gave lessons to Rizal at home.

• Leon Monroy - former classmate of Rizal’s father, who also became the boy’s tutor. Unfortunately, he didn’t live long. He died five months later.

C. CLOSE RELATIVES

• Tio Jose Alberto

• Tio Manuel

• Tio Gregorio

D. DISCIPLINE AT HOME

“Spare the rod, Spoil the child.”

E. ARTISTIC WORKS

Sketches

E. ARTISTIC WORKS

Sketches Painting

Saturnina

E. ARTISTIC WORKS

Sculpture

Triumph of Science and Death

Clay Statue of a Wild Pig

E. ARTISTIC WORKS

Sculpture

Sacred Heart

Model Head of a Dapitan Girl

E. ARTISTIC WORKS

Sculpture

Prometheus Bound

Josephine while sleeping

E. ARTISTIC WORKS

He uses pencil in making sketches, and to mould it in clay and wax objects which attracted his fancy.

Jose had the soul of genuine artist. He enjoyed looking at the blooming flowers, the ripening fruits, the dancing waves of the lake, and the milky clouds in the sky, and listening to the singing of the birds, chirping of the cicadas, and murmuring of the breezes.

Rizal’s sculptures, sketches, drawings, mouldings and paintings of persons are fraught with deep thoughts and emotions.

He mastered putting into form the emotional expression of his human spirit with natural ease, gracefulness and competence.

“All right laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of me!”

F. IN HIS SOLITUDE

During the twilight hours of summertime, Rizal, with his pet dog, used to meditate at the shore of Laguna de Bay on the sad conditions of his oppressed people.

“In the moonlit, I remembered my hometown and I thought, with tears in my eyes, of my beloved father, my idolized mother, and my solicitous sister.”

G. DEATH OF HIS SISTER

• Concepcion (1862-1865) died of sickness at an age

of 3.

• Jose loved most Concepcion among his other sisters.

• Concepcion’s death was Rizal’s first sorrow.

• Rizal remembered having shed real tears for the first

time.

H. HIS BROTHER PACIANO

• Born on March 7, 1857 and died on April 13, 1930 at the

age of 79

• Studied at the College of San Jose

• Older brother and confidant of Rizal

• A Patriot in his own right

• More than a big brother

• The prize of being involved

• Joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat

general after his younger brother was executed

• He had two children by mistress Severina Decena

I. FIGHT FOR THE SAKE OF JUSTICE

• Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

January 20, 1872- 200 Filipino soldier and workmen of Cavite rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition of their privileges and exemption from polo and tribute

February 17, 1872- by the order of Governor General Izquierdo, the GOMBURZA were executed Paciano who was then a student of College of San Jose and was boarding with Father Burgos, quit college and he returned to Calamba

Rizal knowing it at nearly eleven years old was deeply affected by it

• Injustice to Rizal's Mother

Dona Teodora was arrested on malicious charge that she aided her brother, Jose Alberto in trying to poison Alberto's wife.

TO THE FILIPINO YOUTHBy: Dr. Jose Rizal

Unfold, oh timid flower!Lift up your radiant brow,This day, Youth of my native strand!Your abounding talents showResplendently and grand,Fair hope of my Motherland!

Soar high, oh genius great,And with noble thoughts fill their mind;The honor’s glorious seat,May their virgin mind fly and findMore rapidly than the wind.

Descend with the pleasing lightOf the arts and sciences to the plain,Oh Youth, and break forthrightThe links of the heavy chainThat your poetic genius enchain.

See that in the ardent zone,The Spaniard, where shadows stand,Doth offer a shining crown,With wise and merciful handTo the son of this Indian land.

You, who heavenward riseOn wings of your rich fantasy,Seek in the Olympian skiesThe tenderest poesy,More sweet than divine honey;

You of heavenly harmony,On a calm unperturbed night,Philomel’s match in melody,That in varied symphonyDissipate man’s sorrow’s blight;

You at th’impulse of your mindThe hard rock animateAnd your mind with great pow’r consignedTransformed into immortal stateThe pure mem’ry of genius great;

And you, who with magic brushOn canvas plain captureThe varied charm of Phoebus,Loved by the divine Apelles,And the mantle of Nature;

Run! For genius’ sacred flameAwaits the artist’s crowningSpreading far and wide the fameThroughout the sphere proclaimingWith trumpet the mortal’s nameOh, joyful, joyful day,The Almighty blessed beWho, with loving eagernessSends you luck and happiness.

TO THE FILIPINO YOUTHBy: Dr. Jose Rizal

Whenever people of a country truly love

The language which by heav'n they were taught to use

That country also surely liberty pursue

As does the bird which soars to freer space above.

For language is the final judge and referee

Upon the people in the land where it holds sway;

In truth our human race resembles in this way

The other living beings born in liberty.

Whoever knows not how to love his native tongue

Is worse than any best or evil smelling fish.

To make our language richer ought to be our wish

The same as any mother loves to feed her young.

Tagalog and the Latin language are the same

And English and Castilian and the angels' tongue;

And God, whose watchful care o'er all is flung,

Has given us His blessing in the speech we claim,

Our mother tongue, like all the highest that we know

Had alphabet and letters of its very own;

But these were lost -- by furious waves were overthrown

Like bancas in the stormy sea, long years ago.