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FMC pioneerand continuous leaderFMC was the originator of theinnovating metal system for thetransfer of liquid cargo. Since then,FMC has remained the market leaderthroughout the world for thedevelopment of these systems forliquid and gas transfer at ambient,elevated and cryogenic temperatures.

Constant research and developmentefforts have been the key elements inthe success of these products andtheir worldwide acceptance as thestandards of the industry.

FMC/Chiksan marine loading systemsare the modern answer to fluid loadingrequirements where the operationalreliability of the equipment has a highimpact on the cost and smoothoperation of the portside installation.

The following points have been thebases of the evolution of thisspecialised and high performanceequipment:• long life / reliability• operation under controlled security

conditions• low maintenance cost and minimal

downtime• proven design• emphasis on development to meet

customer needs• worldwide permanent servicing and

technical aid facilities

FMC has manufacturing and designfacilities capable of handling from thesimplest of manual arms to the mostsophisticated multi-arm installation.

FMC also offers systems for offshoreloading from floating platforms, ship-mounted arm installations and multi-product swivel assemblies.

FMC is ready to meet the demandsand challenges of the ever developingfluid transfer requirement of to-morrow.

FMC "Firsts"• First MLA in the world designed

and installed by FMC in LongBeach (California) in 1956

• The largest diameter swivel jointever supplied (65" ID -1975)

• Innovating swivel joint designincorporated snap in ball races

• First 24" arm for 500.000 DWT(1971)

First LNG arm supplied (Algeria -1963)First powered emergency releasecoupler - Perc - (1967)First position monitoring systempatented in 1980 and underoperation since 1984First cryogenic swivel jointwithstanding more than 3 millioncycles (1985)

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Description of a marine loading arm

A marine loading arm is an articulatedpipe system for the transfer of liquidsor gases. This may be manoeuvredmanually or hydraulically.

A marine loading arm is comprisingseveral components namely :• base riser• inboard arm• outboard arm

The articulation is assured by swivelarrangements. These arrangements (orstyles) allow for complete movementin all planes.

All the swivels incorporated in thestyles have patented replaceable raceways. This exclusive feature ensuresthe long life of the swivel. This resultsin lower maintenance costs anddowntime whereas conventionalswivels showing signs of wear need tobe completely replaced.

Style 50

Basic models Loading/Unl

RCMAThe Rotary Counterweighted MarineArm is fully balanced in all positions,the counterweights being combinedinto one rotating assembly to balanceboth inboard and outboard arms.(Shown in manual version).

Removable ElbiApex Swivel (Style 41

Outboard Ai

Outboard Swi(Style 80)

Tanker——Connection

Pantograph Sheave

tograph Cable

iboard Arm

non Swivel(Style 50)

Combined Inboardand Outboard

CounterweightAssembly

RCMA"S"The RCMA"S" is designed to separatethe product carrying line from themechanical structure.(Shown in fully powered version).

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DCMA"S"The Double Counterveighted MarineArm is fully balanced in all positions.Separated counterweights are used tobalance the inboard and outboardsections of the arm. The "S" versionshown is designed to separate theproduct carrying line from themechanical structure.(Shown in fully powered version).

FBMAThe Fully Balanced Marine Arm is fullybalanced in all positions with twoseparate counterweights.(Shown in manual version).

Other design configurations are alsoavailable to suit specific applications.

24" x 100' fully powered DCMA at Antifer - France

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ding of crude oil, petroleum products

FMC offers from the simplest to themost sophisticated loading armswithout limitation on diameter.

8" and 6" manual RCMA at Lagos - Nigeria(doc Bouygues)

10"x9,5 m manual FBMA at Zen Noh -Japan

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16"x75' fully powered DCMA at Cap Lopez-Gabon

Loading/Unloading for cryogenic service

FMC is the undoubted leader in the The major breakthrough was the

16" x 66' yard erected fully powered DCMA "S" beforeshipment to Pyong Taek LNG terminal - Korea

field of transferring liquefied gases atcryogenic temperatures (LNG/Ethylene...).

The world's first LNG export terminalwas equipped with Chiksan marineloading arms. FMC has gone on tosupply all the major terminals withtheir marine loading arm requirements.

In an endeavour to give addedassurance in handling such hazardousproducts FMC has devoted great timeand effort to develop the most reliableand security conscious equipmentavailable on the market today.

concept of the Chiksan cryogenicswivel joint with its patented snap-inraces and its unique sealingarrangement.

Snap ring

Ball plug

16"x66' fully powered RCMA at Montoir de Bretagne LNG terminal-France

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Loading/Unloading of LPG, ammonia

One bank of 16" fully powered RCMA in Middle East

The ever increasing demand for LPGand ammonia has demonstrated theneed for specialized arms equippedwith the latest emergency releasesystems and monitoring devices.

FMC has been in the forefront of theseinnovations.

16"x66' fully powered RCMA in Middle East

6 "x54 ' manual RCMA at Lavera - France (doc Rh6ne Poulenc)

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Other applications

Marine loading arms for specialapplicationsHigh temperature transfer of productssuch as tar, bitumen, liquid sulphur...can be successfully carried out byusing special jacketed arms/swivelsusing steam/oil/hot water to assurethe required viscosity of the product.

Corrosive product transfer such assulfuric and phosphoric acids etc...requires compatible contact materials.FMC has considered this whendesigning arms for such applications.

Mobile installationsStandard systems and jumperassemblies may be supplied mountedon road or rail trailers to provideloading speed and efficiency atterminals with limited dock space orwhere dock space is used more oftenfor other than liquid cargo.

Barge-mounted steam jacketed marine arm for liquid sulphur

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Trailer mounted marine arm at La Pallice - France

12"x 12.5 m trolley mounted marine arm at Toyama -Japan

Marine loading arm accessories

Manual QuikconThe manual Quikcon makes manualflanging operations faster than everbefore without the use of special tools

Hydraulic quick connect/disconnectcouplerFor even quicker flanging operations,the hydraulic quick connect/disconnect coupler allows forconnecting to three different manifolddiameters without the use of adaptors.

Powered emergency releasecoupling systemThis allows for almost instantaneoudisconnect of the arms from thevessel in the case of an emergencyThe system may incorporate varioutypes of single or double valvearrangements to prevent productspillage.

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Remote control unit / Radio remotecontrolSmall lightweight control unit whichpermits the arm selection andmovement control from any desiredpoint including the tanker deckmanifold area.

Control console/Power unitThe control console displayspermanent information relative to thestatus of the arms and controls theoverall movement of the arms. All thepower unit generates the requiredhydraulic flow. Electrical componentsare grouped within.

Position monitoring systemAn innovating microprocessor systemwhich gives a permanent read out/print out of the position of the flangewithin a predetermined area.

The system computes all parametersto ensure that in the event of anemergency the disconnection wouldoccur at a precise and predefinedstage. This surveillance can be carriedout from any point of the terminal.

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Special offshore loading applications

GeneralOver recent years most offshoretransfer systems were developed tocope with the size of crude tankersand the limited number of harboursthat could accommodate them.

Other motivations, either technical oreconomical, slowly emerge nowadaysin favour of offshore transfer systems,either directly on the producingoffshore fields or off the coasts of theproducing or receiving countries.

The new challenge is to conceive anddevelop systems even moredependable than those onshore.Offshore systems may be subject toalmost continuous motion due to tides,currents and winds. Ships may beincorrectly moored and the supervisionmay be restricted.

From storage barges/ProcessingbargesBarge to tanker loading arm (BTLA)While arms on canal barges can beconsidered as a classical application,barge-born arms in open seas dateback from 1978 when two giantRCMA'S (16 inches 110 feet) wereinstalled. The concept has since beenrefined to cope with rougher seaconditions. The BTLA design features,specially intended for barge to bargeor barge to tanker connection are :• a low profile in stored condition• improved ease of connection• minimum space required on deck• counterweights travel vertically on a

beam below deck.

LNG transfer system at Brune

16'x110' ship-mounted RCMA for "ship to ship" transfer

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From buoysSubmerged or semi-submergedswivel jointsSince 1967 FMC have specialised inthe design and manufacture ofswivels for SPM. Sizes range from4 inches to 65 inches diameter, anddesign pressures may be as high as1000 psi. Special designs areavailable for pressures in the order of5000 psi (for diameters up to10 inches), and for constant motion.

A new generation of cryogenic swiveljoints have been developed for use infuture offshore cryogenic facilities.

In open sea(Boom to tanker loading arm)More specially developed for platformto tanker connection, the BIT systemis designed for minimum tankermooring (single point with bow orstern thrusters pull).

The multi-position articulated pipingcopes with the fast motions of theship, whereas the boom systemfollows the slow side drift motion withthe help of microprocessor.

Safe connections and disconnectionshave been particularly considered witha complete review of the concept ofemergency disconnection.

Main applications are for crude andLNG with medium flow rates.

General considerations/Scope of service:

Engineering capabilitiesThe engineering department isorganized to respond to market andcustomer demand for all types oftransfer systems for gas, petroleum,petrochemical and chemicalproducts :

R & D activity is focused on threemajor points :• Improvement in the existing marine

loading arm technology, primarilywith respect to control, alarm andemergency systems, using the latestdevelopments in microprocessorsand programmable controllers.

• High pressure transfer systems foroffshore service, where constantmotion requirements are specified.

• Offshore cryogenic transfer systemsfor the LNG schemes where naturalgas is liquefied and transferredoffshore or off the coasts.

Application engineering activityinvolves all aspects of engineering theinterface between ship and shore :marine loading arms, their controlsystems (hydraulics, flameproof andintrinsically safe electrics), theiremergency systems. This activity is

supported by a comprehensive stressanalysis, carried out on a job per jobbasis, for the most critical attitudes ofthe loading systems.

Computerized contract processingactivity : design and manufacturingdrawings prepared through anIntergraph CADD system (ComputerAided Design and Drafting), bills ofmaterials, spare parts lists, routingsprocessed through MAPICS packagerun on an IBM system 38 ; stressanalysis presently performed on aCDC 7600 through a Tektronixterminal.

CAD/CAM workstations

Quality assurance capabilitiesFMC is committed to a qualityassurance program which integratesthe traditional quality control functionsof inspection and testing into acomplete organization. All our effortsare focused on emphasizing

prevention and corrective actionsduring the different administrative andmanufacturing steps throughsophisticated procedures to deliverproduct quality and meet customerrequirements.

Inspector checking the calibration of a gauge

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-NETHERLANDSW-GERMANY

. ITALY

.SAUDI ARABIA

HONG KONG