A. Characteristics of Young Learners1. Based on Scott and Ytreberg (1990)5-7 Years Old They can: talk about what they are doing talk about what they have done or heard plan activities argue for something and tell you why they think what they think use logical reasoning use their vivid imagination use a wide range of intonation patterns in their mother tongue understand direct human interaction They know that the world is governed by rules They understand situations more quickly than they understand the language used They use skills long before they aware of it Their own understanding some through hands and eyes and ears. Their physical world is dominant at all times. Young children love to play, and learn best when they are enjoying themselves Young learners have very short attention and concentration span8-10 Years Old They ask questions all the time They rely on the spoken word as well as the physical world to convey meaning They are able to work with others and learn from others

2. Based on Halliwell (1992) Children are already very good at interpreting meaning without necessarily understanding the individual words Children have great skill in using limited language creatively Children frequently learn indirectly rather than directly Children take great pleasure in finding and creating fun in what they do Children have a ready imagination Children take great delight in interacting and talking

3. Based on Piaget (1970) Children are active learner and thinker4. Based on Vygotsky (1962) Children learn through social interaction.5. Based on Bruner (1983) Children learn effectively through scaffolding by adults.6. Based on M. Slatterly and J. Wilis (English for Primary Teachers)Under 7 Years Old They acquire through hearing and experiencing lots of English, in much the same way they acquire L1 They learn things through playing; they are not consciously trying to learn new words or phrases for them its incidental They love playing with language sounds, imitating, and making funny noises They are not able to organize their learning They are not able to read or write in L1; important to recycle language through talk and play Their grammar will develop gradually on its own when exposed to lots of English in context7-12 Years Old They are learning to read and write in L1 They are developing as thinkers They understand the difference between the real and the imaginary They can plan and organize how best to carry out an activity They can work with others and learn from others They can be reliable and take responsibility for class activities and routines7. Based on Samuel Lefever, Iceland University of Education ReykjavikYoung learners at the transition level (ages 58) generally have the following characteristics.They are: keen and enthusiastic curious and inquisitive outspoken outdoor instruction and active learning imaginative and creative active and like to move around interested in exploration learn by doing/hands-on experience holistic, natural learners searching for meaningful messages.8. Based on Pinter (2006) Young children are sensitive to the sounds and the rhythm of new languages and they enjoy copying new sounds and patterns of intonation Younger learners are usually less anxious and less inhibited than older learners9. Based on Fachrurrazy, M.A., Ph.D. (Teaching English as a Foreign Language for Teachers in Indonesia)6-13 Years Old They have a first language and they can read and write already They like activities/movements They have short time concentration They like asking They have some world of knowledge (they are not blank-state, and possibly, unconsciously, they have mastered some English words, for example radio, television, yes-no, and apple) They can work in groups They are naturally ready to learn a foreign language

B. Characteristics of Good Teacher1. Being a good communicator He should be comfortable explaining things and enjoy doing the same.2. Having a good emotional management At times, a teacher might feel like yelling or shouting at students, but a good teacher is one who knows how to keep the temper in check and act calmly in such situations.3. Having a good sense of humor4. Being able to be wise in the utilization of time. A good teacher must have good time management skills and always value the importance of time. 5. Adopting a fair attitude He should be fair to his profession and assess students on their performance, instead of personal rapports and likings.6. Being dedicated towards his work.7. Being meticulous and having an eye for detail. Well thought-out plans and programs for teaching will assist the productivity of a teacher.8. Being a good leader and a good friend. He should also be a disciplinarian and the students must look up to him. However, this should not stop him from acting like an ally under certain situations.