Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650

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I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500

II. The Religious-Political Fusion

III. Wars of Religions: 1556–98

IV. Eastern Europe

V. The Austrian Habsburgs and the Thirty

Years’ War

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Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650

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I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500

A. Western Europe

England and France100 Years’ War (1337–1453)Joan of Arc

1429 — OrléansImpact

England> Wars of the Roses (1455–85)> Tudor DynastyHenry VII (1485–1509)

FranceDivision > nationalismLouis XI (1461–83)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

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I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500(A. Western Europe)Spain: Ferdinand and Isabella

1479 Castile and Aragon joinedInquisition

> persecution of converses> Sephardim

Reconquistaachieved, 1492

PortugalAvis dynastyPrince Henry the Navigator (1394–1460)

Ceuta, 1411

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650

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I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500

B. Central Europe, 1300–1521

Holy Roman Empire1273, Habsburgs

Golden Bull, 1356autonomy of nobles

MarriagesMaximilian I and Maria of

Burgundy> Philip I

Philip I and Juana > Charles

Charles (1516–56)

Switzerland1305, Independence

Italycondottieri, mercenariesTreaty of Lodi, 1454

C. Catholic FrontierPoland — Piasts (895–1306)Bohemia — Premyslids (895–1306)Hungary — Arpads (896–1310)

Universities: Prague, Krakow, Pecs

14th Century, dynasties endthreatened from all sides

PrussiaTeutonic knights, 1225Prus killedKaliningrad founded

Bohemia, 1356, king > elector

Czech leader John Zizka

HungaryJános Hunyadi, Mathias CorvinusMohacs, 1526, defeated by

Ottomans

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Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650

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II. The Religious-Political Fusion

A. Protestant PoliticsScmalkaldic League — Lutherans

B. England’s Break with RomeHenry VIII (1509–47)

C. CalvinistsJohn Calvin, Geneva

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III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598

A. Motivesreligionkings v. nobles

B. Spanish Habsburg Dominance

Division of Empire:Philip II (1556–1598)

Naples, Sicily, Netherlands, Spain, Empire

Ferdinand: Austria, Bohemia, Hungary

Cortes

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650

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III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598

C. Revolt in the Netherlands(= Belgium, Luxembourg,

Holland)Margaret of Parma (1522–86)

regent for Philip

1566 — “Calvinist Fury”

Duke of Alvato Netherlands

William of Orange (1533–84)

Pacification of Ghent, 1579unite against Philip

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

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III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598

D. Religious Wars in France

1559, Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis

Charles (1560–74)Catherine de Medici

1561–1593 — Religious wars

1572— Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s

Eve

Henry of Navarre, king, 1589Edict of Nantes

III. Wars of Religion, 1556–98

E. Elizabethan England, 1588–1603Lollards

Mary Stuart

John Knox (1505–72)1579, revolt

IrelandJames Maurice, 1569 — revolts

F. Philip IIAlliance with Pope > Holy League

Lepanto — victory over Ottomans, 1571

1581— Dutch declaration of independence

1588 — Armada to Flanders

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IV. Orthodox Europe: Russian Consolidation and Ottoman Expansion

A. Russian Autocracy

Ivan III

Ivan IV (1533–84)reformszemski soborboyars — noblesoprichniki

FedorBoris Godunov, boyardies, 1598 — end of Ruriks> Godunov acclaimed

RomanovsCode of 1649 — serfdom

B. The Balkans

from 1345, Ottomans into Europe1389 — Kosovo

Murad I v. Serbians, Bosnians

1453— ConstantinopleMillet system

Devshirme system

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V. The Austrian Habsburgs & The Thirty Years’ War

Thirty Years’ War (1618–48)

A. Thirty Years’ War — First PhasesBohemian Phase (1618–25)

Ferdinand II CBohemians Nobles — P

Defenestration of Prague, 1618attack on Ferdinand’s

councilors> Battle of the White Mountain,

1620

Danish Phase (1625–29)Christian IV (1588–1648) — P

1624 — invades GermanyAlbert von Wallenstein v.

Protestantsvictory by 1629

1629 — Edict of Restitution

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650

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V. The Austrian Habsburgs & The Thirty

Years’ War

B. Later Phases

Swedish Phase (1630–35)Gustavus Adolphus (1611–

32)—P1630— invasion of Germany1635 — Peace of Prague

French Phase (1635–48)1643 — Rocroi

French defeat Spanish 1648 — Treaty of

Westphalia

C. The Peace of Westphalia

Edict of Restitution nullified