Chapter 7

Cellular respiration

REVIEW

Process/Procedures2a) Why are plants called producers?2b) How does photosynthesis connect sunlight to energy needs of plants and animals? Answer using a paragraph or labeled diagram.3) Why did we show you the burning of food?4a) What do burning foods give off?4b) How is burning the food similar to what happens in cellular respiration?4c) Why do you think burning different foods produces different results?5) Energy Budget in figure 7.16 shows what?6a) What do you notice about the amount of energy transferred from one organism to another?6b) Can you think of another example where energy budget might be used? Describe how this energy budget might look. (Example: household)

Process/Procedures2a) Plants called producers: produce their own food2b) Plants meet their energy needs by making sugars (photosynthesis). Animals meet their energy needs by eating plants and animals that eat plants3) Burning food helps determine amount of kilocalories in food items4a) Burning foods give off heat energy4b)Similar to Cell Resp. because both process and release energy stored in food4c) Different food store different amounts of Energy5) 7.16 shows how much energy is transferred from one group to another6a) Notice amount of energy between organisms is progressively less from one source to another6b)Household: Energy comes in electrical/gas. From the power company and light energy this energy would be given off as light or heat

Reflect and Connect 1. Complete the following tasks to show your understanding of

the biosynthesis and breakdown processa) Use a T-table to list examples of the biosynthesis and

breakdown processes. List three examples of each.b) Describe in a few sentences why biosynthesis and

breakdown processes are important for all organismsBiosynthesis BreakdownPhotosynthesis cell respirationFormation starch digestionFrom glucose

Formation of proteins breakdown of glucose from glycogenFrom amino acids

Formation of muscles breakdown of fatty acids from fats into From proteins food

1b. Biosynthesis and breakdown reactions important: provide energy and organic molecules that organisms need for maintenance and growth

Reflect and Connect 2a.Sketch a similar diagram for an herbivore (7.20). Include organic molecules, energy, and biosynthesis and breakdown processes such as digestion and cellular respiration.

2b.Write a caption for your diagram. Your caption should be one or more sentences long and briefly describe important parts of your diagram

herbivoreSugar (glucose)Amino acidsFatty acids

ATP

Organic molecules

plants

digestion

Breakdown of plants

Cell respiration

breakdown

herbivorebiosynthesis

Used for maintenance and growth

Reflect and Connect 3. Why can food be considered a fuel?

4. Is it possible for animals to survive without plants? Why or why not?

Food can be considered a fuel because it contains Chemical Energy

Animals cannot survive without plants because animals cannot make their own chemical energy. They get their energy by eating other organisms

REVIEW TIME

Cellular Respiration Occurs in the cytosol/ cytoplasm and the mitochondria

http://lifeofplant.blogspot.com/2011/05/cytosol.html

MitochondriaCytosol: jelly like substance in the cytoplasm

Mitochondria: "cellular power house“, they generate most of the cell's supply of (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy

AEROBIC AND ANEROBIC RESPIRATIONAerobic Respiration• Requires Oxygen• Has three cycles

• Glycolysis• Krebs's Cycle• Electron Transport

Chain• Produces up to 38 ATP• Takes place: in

Cytosol/cytoplasm and mitochondria

• Outputs: carbon dioxide, oxygen, ATP, water

Anaerobic Respiration• Requires NO Oxygen• Has ONE cycle

• Glycolysis• Fermentation/lactic

acid• Produces up to 2 ATP• Takes place: in

Cytosol/cytoplasm • Outputs: ATP

Cellular respiration• Occurs within all living things plants and animals• Is essential for survival • Is the process of breaking down glucose for energy

• Photosynthesis uses light energy and carbon dioxide and produces glucose

• Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water and releases energy

• Reactants are: water and glucose

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

Photosynthesis equation.

Cellular Respiration Equation

Cellular respirationStages of Cellular Respiration:

1. Glycolysis (Both anaerobic and aerobic)a)Located in the cytoplasm (cytosol)b)Produces ATP

2. Kreb’s Cycle a)with oxygen onlyb)Located in mitochondriac) Produces ATP, NADH, CO2

3. Electron Transporta)With oxygen onlyb)Located in the mitochondriac) Produces ATP, water

Glycolysis• First stage cellular respiration• Occurs Cytosol/cytoplasm• Input: glucose (6-carbon sugar)• Output: two molecules of pyruvate (3-carbon sugar), small

amount of ATP and NADH

Krebs Cycle• Second stage cellular respiration• Only if oxygen is present (aerobic)• Occurs Mitochondria• Input: pyruvate (glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide)• Output: Carbon dioxide, NADH, ATP

Electron Transport Chain• Third stage cellular respiration• Only if oxygen is present (aerobic)• Occurs Mitochondria• Input: NADH (H atoms separate into hydrogen atoms and electrons.

Most ATP generated. As hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen gas they make water)

• Output: Water, ATP

Anaerobic Respiration• Anaerobic respiration: oxygen NOT

required• Glucose: pyruvate and small amount

of ATP• ATP production ends glycolysis • Pyruvate is converted into other

molecules • Lactic acid and fermentation causes

muscle soreness and fatigue in

http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch09/anaerobic.html

Biosynthesis• ATP provides energy for biosynthesis

reactions in cells• Biosynthesis reactions form larger, more

complex molecules from less-complex molecules• Such as the formation of starch from

glucose • Biosynthesis helps organisms to grow and

maintain their structure

FOOD CHAIN

Producer: Produces own food (plants)Consumer: Cannot produce own food (animals)Herbivore: Eat plants only (deer)Carnivore: Eats only animals (wolf)Omnivore: Eats plants and animals (bear)Heterotroph: Include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, they obtain energy from other organisms living or dead (animals and fungi)Autotrophs: obtain energy from nonliving source (plants and bacteria)