Chapter 6: The Rise of Ancient Greece The Parthenon in
Athens
Slide 2
Section 1: The Rise of Greek Civilization Temple of Didyma
Slide 3
Where is Greece?
Slide 4
Greeces Geographic Setting Greece is made up of peninsulas
Peninsula: an area of land surrounded by water on three sides
Greece made up of mountains Greek communities split up, had their
own land, customs, and beliefs on how to live Communities fought
one another despite sharing a heritage (they had the same
ancestors), language, and religion Discovery Streaming: Geography
of Greece Discovery Streaming: Geography of Greece
Slide 5
Based on Greeces geography?, why was it difficult for Greek
communities to be united?
Slide 6
Greek Beginnings Minoan Civilization Minoans lived on island of
Crete from 3000 BC 1100 BC Traded with mainland Greece as well as
islands Knossos main city, origin of grand architecture and art
1400s BC Knossos destroyed (likely by Mycenaeans), Minoans began
decline Earned power through trade Discovery Streaming: Crete
Slide 7
The Mycenaeans Mainland Greece home of Mycenaean culture Height
of power around 1400 BC Earned power through conquest Discovery
Streaming Video: Mycenae Discovery Streaming Video: Mycenae
Slide 8
Connections to Current Events What advantages does a country
have if they trade with other countries? The US is involved in a
lot of international trade. What is one country that you think
trades a lot with America? (Hint: think of tags on products that
say made in ________)
Slide 9
The Trojan War Mythical war between Greece and city of Troy (in
Turkey) There WERE actual conflicts between Greece and Troy, but
the details of the war were exaggerated Homers epic poems, The
Iliad and The Odyssey tell the story of the Trojan war According to
legend, Greeks offered the Trojans a giant wooden horse as a peace
offering Greek warriors hid inside the horse and climbed out once
the horse was wheeled into Troy, destroyed Troy In reality, Troy
was destroyed by fire in 1200s BC, perhaps by Greek invaders
Slide 10
Slide 11
The Dark Ages of Greece After Trojan War, Greek civilization
collapsed Poverty Trading was reduced Very little writing or art
Greeces Dark Ages: early 1100s BC 750 BC Stories were passed down
through word of mouth, not writing People resettled to farms
Slide 12
City-States Develop Around 750 BC, city-states began to form
City-state: an independent state made up of several villages
grouped together There were hundreds of Greek city-states Respond:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of having many smaller
independent states, as opposed to one large central
government?
Slide 13
Aristocracy: Nobles Rule/A New Type of Ruler Most city-states
ruled by aristocrats members of rich and powerful families Common
Greek citizens wanted their voices to be heard Organized small
military groups to overthrow aristocrats Military strength was
shifted to merchants and craftsmen Tyrant a ruler who seizes power
by force Supported by middle and working classes
Slide 14
Democracy in Greece Some city-states adopted a new form of
government Democracy: government where citizens govern themselves
Athens was best example of a city-state democracy Solon Athenian
leader whose laws reformed economy and government of Athens Freed
anyone who was enslaved for having debts and cancelled debts
Allowed any male citizen of Athens aged 18 or older to debate laws
Restrictions Only 1 in 5 Athenians was a citizen (had to have
Athenian mother and father) Women and non-citizen men did not take
part in democracy
Slide 15
Discovery Streaming Video: The Democracy of Athens Discovery
Streaming Video: The Democracy of Athens
Slide 16
Respond What were the pros and cons of the Greek
democracy?
Slide 17
Section 2: Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts
Slide 18
The Golden Age of Athens Golden Age of Athens: 479 B.C 431 B.C
Athens became rich from trade and from silver mines Tribute
payments made to Athens by allies as a sign of loyalty Pericles
Member of aristocratic family, but supported democracy 460 B.C.
became leader of democratic group Reformed and strengthened
democracy City had to pay a salary to officials, so poor citizens
could hold public office Construction of Parthenon temple to honor
the goddess Athena
Slide 19
The Parthenon The Wonders of the Acropolis Pericles Builds the
Parthenon
Slide 20
Why do you think Pericles was such a popular ruler? Would you
have liked living in Athens under his rule?
Slide 21
Ancient Greek Religious Beliefs Twelve Olympians family of
Greek gods and goddesses, each ruling over a different area of
human and natural life A few notables: Zeus (ruler of all gods and
humanity), Athena (goddess of wisdom and war), Apollo (god of
music, poetry), Poseidon (god of earthquakes and ocean)
Slide 22
Gods and Goddesses Greeks believed gods were immortal, meaning
that they lived forever Zeus ruled all gods from Mount Olympus,
Greeces highest mountain Each city-state honored one of the twelve
gods Athena was goddess of Athens Olympic games created to honor
Zeus Discovery Streaming: Ancient Greek Gods Discovery Streaming:
Ancient Greek Gods
Slide 23
There is a larger variety of religious beliefs in modern-day
America than there were in Ancient Greece. Why do you think that
is? What are some examples of buildings in your neighborhood that
are used for religious purposes?
Slide 24
The Oracles Oracle sacred site where Greeks believed the gods
spoke They would visit the oracles to ask for advice, and answers
would come from priests who were thought to be able to interpret
answers from gods Most famous oracle is in Delphi, Greece Most
famous oracle is in Delphi, Greece
Slide 25
Greek Science and Philosophy Philosopher a person who believed
that people could use powers of the mind and reason to understand
natural events Thales believed water was the basic material of the
world Democritus believed everything was made up of atoms
Slide 26
Socrates Socrates spent his days in the marketplace talking to
people Socrates wanted people to question their beliefs Questioned
traditional justice Socrates brought to trial in 399 BC Accused of
dishonoring gods and misleading young people Sentenced to
death
Slide 27
Plato and Aristotle Plato one of Socrates students Did not
trust democracy Believed that society should be made up of three
groups: workers, soldiers, and philosopher-rulers Founded the
Academy Philosophy school in Athens Aristotle Student at the
Academy Believed that reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge
Later founded his own school, the Lyceum
Slide 28
Socrates urged his students to question and critically examine
all around them. For corrupting the youth in this way, an Athenian
jury sentenced him to death. Why do you think some people believed
Socrates corrupted the youth of Athens? How do some people in our
society react to radical and different ideas? Give an example.
Slide 29
How can you remember the order of the three main philosophers?
SPA S Socrates P Plato A - Artistotle
Slide 30
Visual and Dramatic Arts Greeks used visual arts to honor gods
Architecture Sculpture Plays
Slide 31
The Parthenon Pericles rebuilt Acropolis area of Athens Most
magnificent building: Parthenon Temple to Athena Goddess of war
Made of marble 40-foot statue of Athena
Slide 32
The Parthenon is the symbol of Athens. Write down examples of
buildings or structures that are so famous that they have become
the symbol of the city or country in which they are located.
Slide 33
Dramas Athenians wrote the first dramas and performed them
before crowds Tragedy a serious story that usually ends in disaster
for the main character
Slide 34
Comedies 400s BC poets wrote comedies to make fun of famous
citizens and to joke about Greek customs Athens was very liberal
people were accepting of the humor Greek Theater
Slide 35
Many City-States, One People People in Athens were very proud
of their city Took an active role in their government Spread
progressive ideas to enhance their culture While Athens was the
most prominent city-state, there were others Every four years,
city-states would compete in the Olympic Games against one another
First Olympics in 776 B.C. Ancient Olympia and the Olympic Games
Ancient Olympia and the Olympic Games
Slide 36
What role did education and growing wealth play in the
development of philosophy and the arts in ancient Greece?
Slide 37
Review What made the Golden Age of Athens so golden and
great?
