Chapter 22 sec 3-5

Vietnam

War

• Draft• Males = 18-26• Lottery System

• Manipulatable system• Medical exemptions• Change residents = draft

board• National Guard or coast guard• Deferment from Vietnam

• College

• Working class war• Minorities / Lower

class• Racial tensions

Protests

• 1965 = 20,000 March on Washington

• 1967 = ½ Million New York Central Park

• “Burn cards, not people”• “Hell, no, we won’t go!”

• Burned draft cards

• 1970 = Nixon phases out draft

Protests Cont.

• 200,000 accused of draft offenses• 4,000 imprisoned

• 10,000 Fled = Canada• Muhammad Ali• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeFMyrWlZ68

• Hawks v. Doves

• Protests acts of disloyalty?? • 70% believed it to be Un-American

VIETNAM, CH 22Section 4

1968

• Tet• Lunar New Year (Jan 30)• Truce• War funerals

• Tet Offensive• Vietcong launch attack on over 100 towns and 12 U.S. air bases• Takes U.S. a month to regain control of towns• 32,000 Vietcong die • 3,000 U.S/ARVN die

• Shook American public• 60% of Americans dissaproved • Johnsons handling of war

Election of 1968/Democratic Party

• Eugene McCarthy• Senator• Runs on anti-war platform

• Robert Kennedy• At first, isn’t going to run• After McCarthy holds his own in primary against Johnson,

Bobby changes his mind

• Hubert Humphrey• Johnson’s Vice-President

Tragedy

• April 4, 1968• Martin Luther King assassinated• June 5, 1968• Robert Kennedy assassinated

Presidential Election

• August 28, 1968• Protesters converge in Chicago at Democratic National

Convention

• Nixon wins Republican candidacy• Nixon wins the Presidential Election in November

NIXON AND VIETNAMSection 5

Vietnamization

• Henry Kissinger• National Security Advisor to Nixon

• Vietnamization• Gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops so the South Vietnamese

could take on a more active combat role• August, 1969, first 25,000 troops head home• Over the next three years, less than 25,000 remain by 1971

The WAR continues

• Nixon wanted to maintain U.S. dignity during withdrawal• He secretly ordered bombing of Laos and Cambodia• Vietcong strongholds

• Silent Majority – Nixon’s belief that the moderate, mainstream Americans supported war

• Even as troops coming home from Vietnam, Nixon announces invasion of Cambodia

My LAI

• March 16, 1968• U.S. platoon under

command of Lt. William Calley, Jr. ordered to “kill anything that breathed”

• Over 200 innocent women, children, elderly killed

Protests

• April 30, 1970• Nixon orders invasion of Cambodia• To clear out VC

• College students burst out in protests• Kent State University• Protesters burn ROTC building• National Guard fires on crowd• 9 wounded, 4 killed

• Jackson State College• 12 wounded, 2 killed

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyzoNCJvy4c

Pentagon Papers

• Leaked by Dept. of Defense worker Daniel Ellsberg• 7,000 documents that laid out the plans of U.S. entering

Vietnam War• They were never going to leave as long as N. Vietnamese

persisted

• Hurt Nixon administration• Confirmed the growing belief that the American people

couldn’t trust the government

1972 Election/Nixon wins

• March, North Vietnam launch massive attack on South• Nixon responds with bombing campaign• Last bombing on Hanoi and Haiphong, 100,000 bombs • Moscow, Beijing, Congress say ENOUGH• March 29, 1973 Last of U.S. troops come home• After Americans left, VietCong take over Saigon and

South Vietnam surrenders• Everything that U.S. fought for was lost

Legacy of Vietnam War

• Americans• 58,000 killed• 303,000 wounded

• Vietnamese• Over 2 million killed• North and South

• Government abolishes draft

• War Powers Act• President must inform

Congress within 48 hours of troop deployment

• 90 days or less• Unless congress approves

war American foreign policy altered

…pause, consider risks People NO LONGER

TRUST government Vets Treated poorly