Chapter 18 American Imperialism at the Turn of the Century I
can explain motives behind U.S. interventions in Japan Hawaii
China
Slide 2
Motives?
Slide 3
Slide 4
Japan On July 8, 1853, American Commodore Matthew Perry led
four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish
for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse
between Japan and the western world. Why? California had been
annexed 1850 Ensuring western trade to pacific Secure coaling
stations near China civilize the people Forced Japanese to
modernize the Japanese military and naval fleet
Slide 5
Russo-Japanese War 1904, Japan attacks Russian forces in
Manchuria starting the Russo-Japanese War over influence in China
1905 Japan asks President Roosevelt to negotiate peace between
Japan and Russia 1906 President Roosevelt receives a Nobel Peace
Prize for writing a peace treaty (Treaty of Portsmouth) ending the
Russo-Japanese 1907, President Roosevelt sent a tour of 16
battleships & four destroyers
Slide 6
Slide 7
Motives?
Slide 8
1800-1893 the 8 islands of Hawaii were united under a monarch
named Chief Kamehameha. Abundant food and little industrialization
Communal living and animistic spirituality Protestant missionaries
arrive in Hawaii to convert the people to Christianity Americans
begin settling and raising sugar crops by 1875 a negotiation of
duty-free status is arranged A new tariff (McKinley Tariff) reverts
the duty free-status of Hawaiian sugar, their economy to suffers
(hit of 5 million) The Secret Hawaiian League is formed by
businessmen, traders, and planters who want American control of the
island The U.S. demands control of a harbor (Pearl Harbor) in
return for continued exemption of taxation Hawaii
Slide 9
Diplomat: John L. Stevens Lawyer: Lorrin Thurston Supreme Court
Judge: Sanford B. Dole Committee of Safety Annexation Club
Slide 10
King Kalakaua is forced at to sign a new Constitution aka the
Bayonet Constitution by secret league. 1891 King dies, Nationalist
Queen Liliuokalani begins to try to overturn the bayonet
constitution and return Hawaii to Hawaiians in 1893 USS Boston is
sent, 162 Marines/military personnel present Month of January
debates and plans are set Liliuokalani refuses to publically give
up on her constitutional revisions Marines brought in, government
buildings occupied overthrowing the monarchy Hawaii
Slide 11
Grover Cleveland becomes President and calls for an
investigation of the revolt that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani
President McKinley becomes president and calls for annexation of
Hawaii July of 1898 Hawaii becomes a state in 1959
Slide 12
Motives?
Slide 13
China In 1843, 5 ports opened in China, despite the Chinese
hesitance to allow foreign influence Japan attacked Manchuria, took
control of the region, as well as Taiwan, and Korea Britain,
France, Germany, and Russia all seek spheres of influence over
opened China September of 1899 the Secretary of State John Hay
sends Open Door Notes to Europe and Japan keep China equally
accessible for all free trade Ensure the Chinese maintain rule over
the country
Slide 14
The secret society Fists of Righteous Harmony referred to as
the Boxers by the west, circulate pamphlets accusing foreigners of
corrupting the country and bringing over religion that displeased
the gods The Fists of Righteous Harmony kill 300 foreigners in
China in an 8week siege known as the Boxer Rebellion International
naval forces rescue foreigners from China and the rebellion ends
China