Chapter 15 Cellular Respiration 1

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15.1: Types of respiration: aerobic and

anaerobic

15.2 : Aerobic respiration

15.3 : Anaerobic respiration :fermentation and application

What is IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR?Example:

Enzyme classification:

oxidoreductase transferase ,

hydrolase ,

lyase

isomerase and ligase .

a) Describe the needs for energy and the role of respiration in living organisms.

b) Describe aerobic and anaerobic respiration and therequirement for such conditions.

c) Describe the oxidation of glucose which involves

glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidativephosphorylation

How do living organisms get energy?

Food (e.g:carbohydrate)

Digestion (enzyme)

Glucose

Cellular respiration begins

energy

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Biology Unit, KMPk

Movement

Reproduction

Growth

Respiration

Excretion

NutritionExcitability/ coordination

What is cellular respiration?

The catabolic pathway of aerobic andanaerobic respiration, which break downorganic molecules and use an electrontransport chain for the production of ATP.

(Campbell,9 th edition)

9

Mitochondria

Organelle where cellular respiration takes place.

Innermembrane

Outermembrane

Innermembrane space

MatrixCristae

copyright cmassengale

- produce energy to carry out life process- cell energy= ATP

Role of Respiration

How do the catabolic pathways that decomposeglucose and other organic fuels yield energy?

Transfer of electrons during thechemical reactions

becomes oxidized

becomes reduced

Redox Reaction

The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions

releases energy stored in organic molecules. . Oxidation-Reduction reactions or Redox Reactions

TWO types:Oxidation Reduction





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Anaerobic Respiration andFermentation

Most cellular respiration requires O 2 to produce

ATP. (by Aerobic Respiration )

However , two mechanisms which certain cells

can generate ATP without the use of oxygen.

a. Anaerobic Respiration

b. FermentationDetail in 15.3

Anaerobic Respiration andFermentation

Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic

respiration in 3 ways:

a. Break down glucose in the absence of oxygen.

b. Do not completely breakdown glucose into

carbon dioxide and water (but : lactic acid and

alcohol).

c. Releases less energy

A catabolic pathway for organic molecules (sugar), using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in anelectron transport chain and ultimately producingATP.

Aerobic Respiration

The Stages of CellularRespiration

The harvesting of energy from glucose has THREEstages:a. Glycolysis

- Cytoplasmb. Krebs Cycle

(Pyruvate oxidation and Citric acid cycle)- Matrix of Mitochondrion

c. Oxidative Phosphorylation :Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis.- Cristae/Inner membrane or mitochondrion

Figure 9.6-1

Electronscarried

via NADH

Glycolysis

Glucose Pyruvate

CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION

ATP

Substrate-level phosphorylation



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Figure 9.6-2

Electronscarried

via NADH

Electrons carriedvia NADH and

FADH2

Citricacid

cycle

Pyruvate oxidation

Acetyl CoA

Glycolysis

Glucose Pyruvate


ATP ATP

Substrate-levelphosphorylation


Figure 9.6-3

Electronscarried

via NADH

Electrons carriedvia NADH and

FADH2

Citricacid

cycle

Pyruvateoxidation

Acetyl CoA

Glycolysis

Glucose Pyruvate

Oxidative

phosphorylation:electron transport

andchemiosmosis


ATP ATP ATP



Oxidativephosphorylation

Types of ATP Production

Substrate Level PhosphorylationThe enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP bydirect transfer of a phosphate group to ADPfrom an intermediate substrate in catabolism

Substrate

Product

ADP

PATP

Enzyme Enzyme

Example Substrate LevelPhosphorylation

Glycolysis: Energy Payoff Phase

2 NADH2 ATP

2 ADP 2

2

2 NAD + 2 H

2 P i

3-Phospho-glycerate

1,3-Bisphospho-glycerate

Triosephosphate

dehydrogenase

Phospho-glycerokinase

67

Oxidative PhosphorylationThe production of ATP using energy derivedfrom the redox reactions of an electrontransport chain.

Generates most of ATP (90%).

Types of ATP Production

30

What is cellular respiration?Types of Respiration:Aerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration

What is ATP?State the stage of aerobic respiration.Mode of ATP synthesis?Substrate Level PhosphorylationOxidative Phosphorylation

Conclusion



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Glycolysis and Link Reaction

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Chapter 15 Cellular Respiration 1