Chapter 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1506 How did people first arrive in Americas? First people arrived 22,000 years ago. First people arrived 22,000 years ago. Land bridge between Asia and Alaska called Beringia. Land bridge between Asia and Alaska called Beringia. Hunted large animals Hunted large animals 12,000-10,000 years ago climate warmed and people hunted smaller animals, collected plants and berries. (adapted to environment) 12,000-10,000 years ago climate warmed and people hunted smaller animals, collected plants and berries. (adapted to environment) How did people first arrive in Americas? (continued) 10,000-5,000 years ago people in Mexico developed new ways of farming. 10,000-5,000 years ago people in Mexico developed new ways of farming. Maize or corn Maize or corn Some changed from nomadic (moving from place to place) society to development of communities. Some changed from nomadic (moving from place to place) society to development of communities. Who were the Olmec? Civilization in Mexico around 1200 B.C. Civilization in Mexico around 1200 B.C. Civilization developed in rainforests. Civilization developed in rainforests. Mysteriously collapsed in 400 B.C. Mysteriously collapsed in 400 B.C. Who were the Mayans? Civilization between 250 A.D. and 900 A.D Civilization between 250 A.D. and 900 A.D Located in present day Guatemala and Yucatan Peninsula Located in present day Guatemala and Yucatan Peninsula Huge palaces and pyramids Huge palaces and pyramids Written expression Written expression Who were the Aztecs? Built empire in 1200s. Built empire in 1200s. Destroyed by the Spanish and Cortes. Destroyed by the Spanish and Cortes. Human sacrifice to Gods Human sacrifice to Gods Huge palaces and pyramids Huge palaces and pyramids Written expression Written expression Who were the Incas? Civilization started in 1400 and stretched across western coast of South America. Civilization started in 1400 and stretched across western coast of South America. Skill of silver mining Skill of silver mining Huge palaces and pyramids Huge palaces and pyramids Written expression Written expression Who were the Hohokam and Anasazi? Hohokam- settled in Southwest between 300 B.C A.D. Hohokam- settled in Southwest between 300 B.C A.D. Anasazi- settled in Southwest between 300 B.C A.D. Lived in areas that are Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. Anasazi- settled in Southwest between 300 B.C A.D. Lived in areas that are Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. Who were the Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian Indians? All developed east of Mississippi River. All developed east of Mississippi River. All are Mound Builders All are Mound Builders Created large burial mounds Created large burial mounds Huge pyramids Huge pyramids Who were the Kashaya Pomo? Lived in what is now California. Lived in what is now California. Made up of large coastline, rainforest and desert. Made up of large coastline, rainforest and desert. Hunted water birds for food. Hunted water birds for food. Who were the Kwakiutl? Lived on Northwest Coast. Lived on Northwest Coast. Food sources were whales, seals, and salmon. Food sources were whales, seals, and salmon. Made totem poles Made totem poles Who were the Pueblo? Lived in the dry Southwest (Arizona and New Mexico) Lived in the dry Southwest (Arizona and New Mexico) Adobe houses Adobe houses Grew corn and beans Grew corn and beans Who were the Iroquois? Lived in the forests of the Northeast. Lived in the forests of the Northeast. Hunted Hunted Fished Fished Gathered fruits and nuts Gathered fruits and nuts What practices and beliefs did First Americans have in common? Trade routes Trade routes Respected the land a resource that belongs to all groups Respected the land a resource that belongs to all groups Clashed with European idea of private ownership Clashed with European idea of private ownership Believed in spirits Believed in spirits Kinship-family Kinship-family Division of labor Division of labor What influenced the way of life in West Africa? Timbuktu- center of trade and learning Timbuktu- center of trade and learning New religion of Islam was brought to Africa New religion of Islam was brought to Africa Beginnings of plantations in Africa by Portuguese Beginnings of plantations in Africa by Portuguese Led to African slave trade Led to African slave trade Who were the Songhai? Strong rulers Strong rulers Trade across the Sahara Trade across the Sahara City of Timbuktu City of Timbuktu Extended power over the grasslands Extended power over the grasslands Who were the Benin? Kingdom in the forests of the southern coasts of Africa. Kingdom in the forests of the southern coasts of Africa. Metalworkers created great works of art. Metalworkers created great works of art. Who were the Kongo? Located in Central Africa. Located in Central Africa. Rose along the Congo River. Rose along the Congo River. Small kingdoms held together by one ruler. Small kingdoms held together by one ruler. What was life like in a West African Kingdom? Lived in families with small villages. Lived in families with small villages. Oldest people had most influence. Oldest people had most influence. Valued religion Valued religion Believed in living and nonliving things and creator. Believed in living and nonliving things and creator. Division of labor. Division of labor. How were European societies arranged in the 1400s? Hierarchy (nobles to peasants) Hierarchy (nobles to peasants) Nuclear family (mother, father, children) Nuclear family (mother, father, children) How did the Crusades affect Europe? Crusades- series of wars between Christians and Muslims for the Holy Land ( ) Crusades- series of wars between Christians and Muslims for the Holy Land ( ) Trade increased Trade increased Created the Reformation Created the Reformation Why did Europeans become interested in exploration? Looking for new routes to Asia for goods like silk and spices. Looking for new routes to Asia for goods like silk and spices. GOLD, GOD, AND GLORY! GOLD, GOD, AND GLORY! Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry the Navigator Dias rounded Africa Dias rounded Africa Vasco Da Gama reached India. Vasco Da Gama reached India. What were Christopher Columbuss goals? Italian sailor for Spain that wanted to find a trade route to Asia. Italian sailor for Spain that wanted to find a trade route to Asia. Convert people to Christianity. Convert people to Christianity. Claim new lands for Spain. Claim new lands for Spain. Landed on island he called San Salvador Landed on island he called San Salvador Met people he called Taino (noble ones) Met people he called Taino (noble ones) GOLD GLORY GOD GOLD GLORY GOD How did Columbus change the lives of First Americans? Started plantations Started plantations Forced labor of First Americans Forced labor of First Americans Europeans brought new weapons Europeans brought new weapons 90% were killed by diseases such as small pox. 90% were killed by diseases such as small pox. How did Columbus change the lives of Africans? Deaths of American Indians caused Spanish to look to Africa for labor. Deaths of American Indians caused Spanish to look to Africa for labor. Slavery destroyed African societies and by the 1800s over 12 million Africans had been enslaved. Slavery destroyed African societies and by the 1800s over 12 million Africans had been enslaved. What was the Columbian Exchange? Transfer of goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Transfer of goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. There were both positive and negative impacts of this exchange. There were both positive and negative impacts of this exchange. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? Spain and Portugal divided the Western Hemisphere for exploration. Spain and Portugal divided the Western Hemisphere for exploration. Spain could have west of line and Portugal are east of the line. Spain could have west of line and Portugal are east of the line. What effect did the movement of people to the Americas have? Other European countries would bring settlers to America. Other European countries would bring settlers to America. Meeting of three cultures: First Americans, Europeans, and Africans. Meeting of three cultures: First Americans, Europeans, and Africans. Diverse society is created. Diverse society is created.