September 17, 2018

Intro 2 Science

Chapter 1:

• Science: organized method using evidence to learn about the natural world

– Examples?

> Divided into many branches!

> The application of Science for practical use is...– Technology

I. What is Science? 1.1

September 17, 2018

• The scientific method can be described by PHEOC> Problem: questioning of natural world

> Hypothesis: Proposed answer (PICK A SIDE)– also contains prediction of expected outcome

> Experiment: Controlled method of testing problem– only 1 variable (independent) will be changed– causes a change in measured (dependent) variable

> Observations: collection of DATA during experiment– Qualitative: using words– Quantitative: using numbers

> Conclusion: uses data to either Support or Refute the hypothesis– Attempts to explain results through inferences– Introduces the next Problem/Hypothesis

II. How to Science? 1.2

Group B

Sauce

# of gas problems

The data supports the claim that the new sauce will reduce gas problems. 30 people (60%) reported few gas problems to 8 in the control group.

Placebo Effet

September 17, 2018

• Repeated experiments create a well-supported THEORY > explains "WHY" something happens & based on

evidence– Ex: Atomic Theory

• Some supported findings can lead to a LAW> predicts what "WILL" happen & based on evidence

– Ex: Gravity

III. Scientific Theory vs. Law 1.1

• Accuracy: measure of closeness of a measurement to the correct/actual/desired value

IV. Accuracy Vs. Precision 1.3

• Precise: measure of closeness of multiple measurements to each other

Low

High

_____High

September 17, 2018

• Also known as SI (System International)> Base Units:

– Mass: ________, __– Length: ________, __– Time: ________, __– Volume: ________, __

> Prefixes make large/small numbers easier to use– multiples of 10!

V. The Metric System 1.2

September 17, 2018

• 2.36 ms = __________ s

G x x M x x k h D B d c m x x µ x x n

• 64 Gb = __________ kb

• 5 µm = __________ m

• Instrument Precision> can only add 1 digit of uncertainty!!

VI. Measurements 1.2

• Length (meters = m)> direct distance between 2 points

• Mass (grams = g)> amount of matter in an object

• Volume (liters = L) or (cubic meters = m3)> amount of space taken up by an object> Displacement

– method of measuring odd shaped mass

September 17, 2018