CHANGECHANGE Examine this diagram and describe what is Examine this diagram and describe what is

happening without using the word “change”.happening without using the word “change”.

Change happens all the Change happens all the timetime..

Some examples of change are: Some examples of change are: volcanoes, climate change, forest fire, volcanoes, climate change, forest fire, flood, mudslides, glacier meltingflood, mudslides, glacier melting

What is change?What is change?

Due to Due to interactionsinteractions, all plants, animals and , all plants, animals and their their environment environment are in the process of are in the process of becoming something else. becoming something else.

Change can involve one or more type of Change can involve one or more type of species as they may be replaced by species as they may be replaced by another type of another type of speciesspecies..

SuccessionSuccession - - is a series of changes in a land or is a series of changes in a land or aquatic community over time. aquatic community over time.

The The communitycommunity changes over time. changes over time. There are two types of succession.There are two types of succession.

PrimaryPrimary

I. I. PrimaryPrimary succession occurs where succession occurs where organisms have not grown before. It starts organisms have not grown before. It starts where there is no soil.where there is no soil.

Examples:Examples: bare rockbare rock, new islands from , new islands from

volcanoesvolcanoes, tar/cement, buildings , tar/cement, buildings

SecondarySecondary

II. II. SecondarySecondary succession occurs when succession occurs when organisms grow after a major change. It organisms grow after a major change. It starts when there is already soil.starts when there is already soil.

Examples:Examples: forest fireforest fire, cut forest, , cut forest, flood flood damage, melting of a glacier, return of damage, melting of a glacier, return of abandoned farmland to nature, heavily abandoned farmland to nature, heavily polluted polluted streamsstreams, or where a natural , or where a natural community has been removed or community has been removed or destroyeddestroyed..

Bare landBare land

Plant matter absentPlant matter absent

Annual WeedsAnnual Weeds lichens, moss, dandelionslichens, moss, dandelions

Perennial Weeds and GrassesPerennial Weeds and Grasses herbs, goldenrodherbs, goldenrod

Shrubs Shrubs – blueberry, willows – blueberry, willows

Sun-loving TreesSun-loving Trees or or Young Pine Young Pine - - white birch, red maple, aspenwhite birch, red maple, aspen

Mature or Climax Community Mature or Climax Community oror Shade Tolerant Trees orShade Tolerant Trees or

Mature Oak-Hickory ForestMature Oak-Hickory Forest

Deciduous - mixed Deciduous - mixed hardwoods, oaks, hardwoods, oaks, hickory, beech, hickory, beech, sugar maple, fernssugar maple, ferns

A A MatureMature or Climax Community is or Climax Community is the end stage of succession. This the end stage of succession. This community stage is community stage is diversediverse . .

Ecosystems are always Ecosystems are always changingchanging even upon reaching the climax even upon reaching the climax community (fire, climate change, community (fire, climate change, nutrient availability).nutrient availability).

QuestionsQuestions

Are the stages of succession the same for Are the stages of succession the same for every biome?every biome?

Once the climax community is reached Once the climax community is reached does change stop? EXPLAIN!does change stop? EXPLAIN!

Fill in the stages of successionFill in the stages of succession

Stage # ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___Stage # ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

http://owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/eco/Note%20Withgott/ECO%20NO31.jpghttp://owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/eco/Note%20Withgott/ECO%20NO31.jpg

Aquatic SuccessionAquatic Succession Succession as a lake Succession as a lake

turns into a bog and turns into a bog and then into a forest. A then into a forest. A floating mat of floating mat of vegetationvegetation extends extends progressively out from progressively out from the shore, eventually the shore, eventually covering the open covering the open water. water.

After thousands of After thousands of years, the former lake years, the former lake will be covered with a will be covered with a forestforest..