Bellringer: What change is happening to these African Americans?

1619-1861 1863-1865 1866 - ?

Notes

The Civil War1861 - 1865

Why did a Civil War happen?• More and more whites started to believe that

slavery was a problem.

• Whites in the north did not want slavery to spread west

Cont’D

• Abolitionists in the north started to convince more people slavery was wrong

• Southerners feared that the North would interfere with slavery

Abolitionists:

• Q: John Brown, a northern abolitionist, led his raid on Harper’s Ferry in 1859. How do you think this made Southerners feel about the north?

The Split Begins

• A Republican from the North, Abraham Lincoln, is elected president in 1860• No state in the South voted for him

• Fearing that Lincoln will end slavery, the Southern states secede (leave the US)

• The North goes to war to keep the country united-- not to end slavery

The Two Sides in the Civil War

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States

of America

Abraham Lincoln

President of the United States of

America

The Two Sides in the Civil War

Advantages of Each Side

Union (North)• Population twice as

big

• Twice the railroad track

• Five times more factories

Confederacy (South)• Better generals to

lead army

• To win, only had to defend their land

• Q: Why is it surprising that the South won most of the first major battles?

The Two Sides in the Civil War

Musket from the American Revolution (1776)

Civil War Rifle

(1861)

Emancipation in 1863?

• In January 1863, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation

• This law freed slaves in Confederate territory

• Thousands of black men joined the Union army to fight the South

• Q: How do you think former slaves felt about the chance to join the Union army? Why?

The 13th Amendment (Jan. 1865)• As the North neared victory, Congress passed

the 13th amendment, which ended slavery.• The amendment abolished slavery in every

state, North and South.

End of the War

• April 9, 1865 - the South surrenders; war ends

• April 14, 1865 – Lincoln assassinated at Ford’s Theatre

• -

• How do you think African Americans went from being free to being pushed into the prison system right afterwards?

Reflection Question

1863-1865 1866 – Today?