CH1 - COMPUTER SYSTEM

8/7/2019 CH1 - COMPUTER SYSTEM

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SYNOPSIS:

This topic introduces parts of computer systems and computer hardware. It alsoserves to introduce concept of standaloneand networked computers in a company. Italso covers an introduction part tooperating system, Windows and filemanagement using Windows Explorer.

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What is a computer?

A n electronic device, which operatesunder the control of instructions, and

stores data or information in its ownmemory unit A n electronic device that accept input

and store a set of instructions whichperform a task and produce outputs

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The Evolution Of Computer

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195 4 -1959Transistor

1939-1954

Vacuum TubeBy John V. A tanasoff

1959-1971Integrated Circuit

1971-1991Microprocessor or CPU1991

World Wide WebBy Tim Berners- Lee


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First Generation (1939-1954) VacuumTubey

used vacuum tubes for circuitry andmagnetic drums for memoryy expensive and bulkyy used machine language for computingy could solve just one problem at a timey used punched card for input

The evolution o f computer


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Examples of First Generation Computers :

A tanasoff-Berry Computer 1939

UNIVA C1951



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First generation vacuumtube

Punch card


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S econd Generation (1954-1959) Transistor

y smaller and cheaper y emission of large amounts of heat from

the computer - computers were subjectto damage

y Used assembly languages allowedprogrammers to specify instructions inwords

y

used punched cards for input



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Examples of Second GenerationComputers :

Regency transistor radio 195 4 Philco and Emerson transistor radios



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Third Generation (1959-1971) Integrated

Circuity increase in speed and efficiency of computersy keyboards and monitors became the input-

output devices.y Became accessible to a mass audience

because they were smaller and cheaper thantheir predecessors



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Examples of Third GenerationComputers :

Early transistor calculators - Casio

"Mini 1972Minicomputer 1973



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Fourth Generation (1971-1991) Microprocessor y Reduce in the size and price of the computers

at the same time increasing power, efficiencyand reliability.

y A llowed the networking of computers for thesharing of data



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Examples of Fourth Generation Computer:

A pple I of 1976 A pple II personal computer

1978



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Fifth Generation (1991 Beyond) World WideWeby WWW (World Wide Web) was developed by Tim

Berners in 1991y The first web browser was created in 1993y 199 4 Netscape Navigator 1.0y 1996 Internet Explorer 3.0y based on principles of artificial intelligence and

natural language recognition

y computers capable of organizing themselves



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Examples of Fifth GenerationComputer:

Nokia 9210Communicator

w earable computers

A pple G4



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Components o f a Computer

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Components inside a Computer

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B asic Components o f a Computer

A ll general purpose computers requires: Memory Device

Mass storage device Input device Output device

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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M ass S torage Device

A llows computer to permanently retainlarge amount of data . Examples:

y Disc Drive

y USB Drive

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Input Devices The devices that conduct through data

and instructions by entering a computer.Examples: mouse, keyboard, joystick,

touch pad, track ball, track point,microphone, pc camera, scanner, etc

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Input, output, storage and communication devices

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Central P rocessing Unit (C P U)

The component that executesinstructions.

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The di ff erences o f standaloneand networked computers

S tandalone computers Networked computers

Not connected to any computer or network.

Connected to a computer or network.

Cannot share resources. Can share resources.

More secured. Vulnerable to any source of threat

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N ETWORK ED CO M P UTERExamples o f network

LA N(L ocal A rea

Network)

MA N(Metropolitan A rea

Network)

WA N(Wide A reaNetwork)

- Short distance(office building,school, home)

- Physical area larger than L A N but smaller than W A N (city)

- Large physicaldistance

- Typically owned,controlled andmanaged by singleperson or organization

- Typically ownedand operated by asingle entity such asgovernment body or large corporation

- Most W A Ns (likethe Internet) are notowned by any oneorganization butrather exist under collective or distributed ownershipand management


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Advantages o f Computer

N etwork Files can be stored on a central computer

(server) allowing data to be sharedthroughout an organization.

Files can be backup more easily. Software and resources can be centrally

managed. A llow software installation on workstations. Security and performance ability is

centralized. Expensive device can be shared. Files can be access from any workstation.

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Computer application so f tware

Capability of acomputer directlyand thoroughly to atask that a user wish to perform.

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Functions o f OS and application so f tware

O perating S ystem A pplication S oftware

Host for application program thatruns on the machine.

Programs that are hosted by theoperating system.

Controls the basic function ex:

displaying Windows.

It runs based on what the user

wants.Handles the operation of thehardware.

A lso can run another applicationprogram.

Handles the operation of thesoftware application on desktop.

Performs productive task for theusers. (Non-computer related).

Receiving information from thekeyboard, mouse, touchpad, etc. Provides with a user friendlyinterface.

Displaying information on thescreen.

Guide the user how to use it.

Storing data on the hard disk.

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Examples o f O perating S ystem Usedin P ersonal Computer

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Based on Unix system.Created by Linus

Torvalds 1992.Free / open source.More secured andflexible.Require technical

knowledge.

Microsoft company 1983.Extension of MS-

DOS.Most popular in

Malaysia.

A pple Inc. 198 4 .Most add-ons areequivalents as Windows.

Open Group company2007.Essential indeveloping Internetprograms.Open SystemsPortable, multitasking,multiuser in a timesharing configuration.


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Example o f N etwork B ased OS

Used inP

ersonal Computer Novell Inc. Latest version is

Netware 6.5 in.

Microsoft. July 1993.

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S o f tware Application Functions

Word Processingy Used for production of any

printable material.

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Word P ad

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Window Live Writer 2009

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K Word

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O pen Off ice.org Writer

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Adobe R eader

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M icroso f t Word

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Spreadsheety Simulate a paper

work sheety Display cells/grids

containing

alphanumerictext/numeric values.

y A utomatic calculationfrom formula.

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M icroso f t Excel 2007

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Apple N umbers

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G numeric

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LO TUS 1-2-3

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Presentationy Display information in a form

of slideshow.y Can replace older visual aid

technology.y More interesting to view.

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M icroso f t Off ice P ower P oint

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Apples K eynote

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M i d M P


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M ind M ap P ro

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Visual M ind

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Project managementy To Manage Projects

Schedule.y Building Gantt Charty Focus on task, milestone,

task duration, resource name,Start and Finish Date, etc.

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Web Browser y Window that displays

websites.Example : Microsoft InternetExplorer, Opera, MozillaFirefox.

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B rowser : F ire f ox


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B rowser : O pera


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WHY CO M P UTER IS SO PO WER F UL?

Speed Reliability Storage Capabilities Productivity Efficiency Cost Reduction Decision making


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: F UN CTIONS (Hands on)

Starts andShutdown.

The use of desktopenvironment.y Windows Desktop

Start Menu.y Windows Desktop

Taskbar.y Desktop Screen

Display.y Windows Desktop

Iconsy Windows Desktop

Toolbar

Execute OSapplications.

OS Help Functions.

Function of OSsystem shell. File and folder

management. Copy Rename Move Delete

Documents

CH1 - COMPUTER SYSTEM