Upload
paul-tyler
View
16
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Cellular Respiration. What Is ATP?. Energy used by all Cells. Adenosine Triphosphate. Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds. Chemical Structure of ATP. Adenine Base. 3 Phosphates. Ribose Sugar. What Does ATP Do for You?. It supplies YOU with ENERGY!. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
What Is ATP?What Is ATP?
Energy used by all CellsEnergy used by all Cells
Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bondshigh-energy Phosphate bonds
What Does ATP Do for What Does ATP Do for You?You?
It supplies YOU withIt supplies YOU with ENERGY!ENERGY!
How Do We Get Energy How Do We Get Energy From ATP?From ATP?
By breaking By breaking the high- the high- energy energy bonds bonds between between the the last two last two phosphates phosphates in ATPin ATP
What is the Process What is the Process Called?Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding HHYDROLYSIS (Adding H22O)O)
H2O
How is ATP Re-Made?How is ATP Re-Made?
The reverse of the previous The reverse of the previous process occurs.process occurs.
Another Another Enzyme is Enzyme is used!used!ATP ATP SynthetaseSynthetase
When is ATP Made in When is ATP Made in the Body?the Body?
During a During a Process Process called called Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration that takes that takes place in both place in both Plants & Plants & AnimalsAnimals
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration Includes pathways that Includes pathways that
require oxygenrequire oxygen Glucose is Glucose is oxidizedoxidized and O and O22 is is
reducedreduced Glucose breakdown is Glucose breakdown is
therefore an therefore an oxidation-oxidation-reductionreduction reaction reaction
Breakdown of one glucose Breakdown of one glucose results in results in 36 to 38 ATP36 to 38 ATP molecules molecules
Overall Equation for Overall Equation for Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + e0 + e-- + 36- + 36-
3838ATP’sATP’s
CC66HH1212OO6 6 + 6O+ 6O22
YIELDSYIELDS
What Type of Process is What Type of Process is Cellular Respiration?Cellular Respiration?
An Oxidation-Reduction An Oxidation-Reduction Process or REDOX ReactionProcess or REDOX Reaction
Oxidation of GLUCOSE --> Oxidation of GLUCOSE --> COCO22 + H + H22O O (e(e-- removed from removed from CC66HH1212OO66))
Reduction OReduction O22 to H to H22O O (e(e-- passed to Opassed to O22))
What Carries the What Carries the Electrons?Electrons?
NADNAD++ (nicotinadenine (nicotinadenine dinucleotide) acts dinucleotide) acts as the energy as the energy carriercarrier
NADNAD++ is a is a coenzymecoenzyme
It’s It’s ReducedReduced to to NADHNADH when it when it picks up two picks up two electrons and one electrons and one hydrogen ionhydrogen ion
Are There Any Other Are There Any Other Electron Carriers?Electron Carriers?
YES! Another YES! Another Coenzyme!Coenzyme!
FAD+FAD+ (Flavin (Flavin adenine adenine dinucleotide)dinucleotide)
ReducedReduced to to FADHFADH22
Other Cellular Other Cellular Respiration FactsRespiration Facts
Process is Process is ExergonicExergonic as High- as High-energy Glucose is broken into energy Glucose is broken into COCO22 and H and H22OO
Process is also Process is also CatabolicCatabolic because larger Glucose breaks because larger Glucose breaks into smaller moleculesinto smaller molecules
What are the Stages of What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?Cellular Respiration?
GlycolysisGlycolysisThe Krebs CycleThe Krebs CycleThe Electron Transport ChainThe Electron Transport Chain
Where Does Cellular Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?Respiration Take Place?
It takes place It takes place in two parts in two parts of the cell:of the cell:
Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the occurs in the CytoplasmCytoplasmKrebs Cycle & Krebs Cycle & ETC TakeETC Take place place in the in the MitochondriaMitochondria
Review of Mitochondria Review of Mitochondria StructureStructure
SmoothSmooth outer outer MembraneMembrane
FoldedFolded inner inner membranemembrane
Folds called Folds called CristaeCristae
Space inside Space inside cristae called cristae called the the MatrixMatrix
Diagram of the Diagram of the ProcessProcess
Occurs in
Cytoplasm Occurs
in Matrix
Occurs across Cristae
Glycolysis Glycolysis SummarySummary
Takes place in the Takes place in the CytoplasmCytoplasm
Anaerobic Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)Oxygen)Requires input of Requires input of 2 ATP2 ATP
Glucose split into two Glucose split into two molecules of molecules of PyruvatePyruvate or or Pyruvic AcidPyruvic Acid
Glycolysis Glycolysis SummarySummary
• Also produces Also produces 2 NADH and 4 2 NADH and 4 ATPATP
• Pyruvate is oxidized to Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl Acetyl CoACoA and and COCO22 is removed is removed
FermentationFermentation
Occurs when OOccurs when O22 NOT present NOT present (anaerobic)(anaerobic)
Called Called Lactic AcidLactic Acid fermentation in muscle cellsfermentation in muscle cells
Called Called Alcoholic fermentationAlcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces in yeast (produces ethanolethanol))
Nets only Nets only 2 ATP2 ATP
A Little Krebs Cycle A Little Krebs Cycle HistoryHistory
Discovered by Discovered by Hans KrebsHans Krebs in in 19371937
He received a He received a Nobel Prize Nobel Prize in in 1953 for his 1953 for his discoverydiscovery
Forced to leave Forced to leave Germany prior Germany prior to WWII to WWII because he was because he was JewishJewish
Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary
Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)Cyclical series of oxidation Cyclical series of oxidation
reactions that give off reactions that give off COCO22 and and produce produce one ATP per cycleone ATP per cycle
Turns Turns twicetwice per glucose molecule per glucose moleculeProduces Produces two ATPtwo ATP Takes place in Takes place in matrix of matrix of
mitochondriamitochondria
Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary
Each turn of the Krebs Cycle Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces also produces 3NADH, 3NADH, 1FADH1FADH22, and 2CO, and 2CO22
Therefore, For Therefore, For each Glucoseeach Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces produces 6NADH, 2FADH6NADH, 2FADH22, , 4CO4CO22, and 2ATP, and 2ATP
Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain SummarySummary
34 ATP34 ATP Produced ProducedHH22OO Produced ProducedOccurs Across Occurs Across Inner Inner
Mitochondrial membraneMitochondrial membraneUses coenzymes Uses coenzymes NAD+ and NAD+ and
FAD+ to accept e- from glucoseFAD+ to accept e- from glucoseNADH = 3 ATP’sNADH = 3 ATP’sFADHFADH22 = 2 ATP’s = 2 ATP’s