Cells to OrganellesMrs. Dillon’s Science Class

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These are Organisms (living things)

Any Organism is Made Up OfOrgan Systems

An organ system is a group of organs that work together.

Click here to see how

joints work:

Digestive System

Cardiovascular System

Skeletal System (Front View)

Bone (anatomy) -- Media -- Encarta ® Online

Muscular System (Front View)

Interesting Fact about an Organ System

Your skeletal system is replaced every 7 years or so.

Organ Systems are Made Up of Organs

Skin (Cut View)

Heart LungsBrain

EyeLiver

Interesting Fact about an Organ

Your ______ is the largest organ of your body.It comprises about 12% of your total body weight. In other words, if you weigh 100 pounds, 12 of those 100 pounds come from your skin.Even your eyes are covered by a layer of skin.By the time you reach the age of 70, you will have shed over 40 pounds of dead skin cells. Think about holding 4 10-pound bags of potatoes. That’s how much skin you will lose by age 70.

skin

http://www.innerbody.com/image/nerv16.html

This is a human hair and part of its root. What does it remind you of?

Photo by Student in 406, 2003Interesting Fact Source: http://www.innerbody.com/image/nerv16.html

“Did you know ?

The average person is believed to have over five million hairs growing on their body at the same time. Isn't it amusing to know that humans have just as many hair follicles as gorillas do? Hair color depends on amount of melanin (pigment). As we age, less melanin is formed and small air bubbles form, making the appearance look gray.”

Organs are made up of Tissues

A piece of an organ is a tissue.

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/cardiology/heart/photographs.html

Unhealthy Heart Tissue (enlarged)

Tissues are made up of Cells

BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids.

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Organisms

Organelles

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Organisms

Organelles

Interesting Fact about Cells

The human body has more than 75 trillion cells in it. If these cells were lined up around the Earth, they would circle the Earth more than 48 times!

Cells are made of Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Body

RibosomeLysosome

http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/lysosome.html

Test Yourself: Name the Organelles in a Plant Cell

3

2

6

4

1

5

7

8

9

10

11

Tissues are made up of Cells

BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids.

Photo by Cameron R., Ms. Tresten’s Class, 2002

Tissues are made up of Cells

BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids.

Cameron Reagon’s sample - 2002

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)

Tissues are made up of Cells

BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids.

Photo by D Tresten, 2002

CELLS alive! James A. Sullivan

Chloroplast

ChloroplastVisible from Underlying Cell Layer

http://www.cellsalive.com/ecoli.htm

1. Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

If This is the cheek cell of a human, can you identify the organelles?

2.

3.

Which is a plant cell and which is a animal cell?How can you tell?

Where are the Chloroplasts in this Photo of Algae? (Photo by Kim Hugh, Ms. Tresten’s class, 2002)

View a Virtual Cell

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/

To see nucleus: http://www.life.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/plantbio/cell/cell.cgi

Functions of Cell Organelles

• Read the “function clue.” • Write the name of the organelle

that has been described.• Click to check your answer.• Copy the function of each

organelle.

Function Clue #1

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

This structure looks like clear,

mashed-up Jello. It’s known as

the “living sea” of the cell

because it is the structure in

which all of the other structures “float” so that they don’t slam into each other.

Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Amoeba (Protozoa) Video No. 1

Which structure is the “Living Sea” which separates organelles?

Cytoplasm

Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Amoeba (Protozoa) Video No. 1

See cytoplasm move:

Function Clue #2

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

These “mighty” organelles

give energy to the cell. They are the

“powerhouses” of the cells.

What are they?

Which structures are the “powerhouses” of cells?

Mitochondria

This structure is the “protector” of

cells. It is tough, stringy, and

surrounds plant cells ONLY. It acts

like a wall or a suit of armor. It is made of cellulose.

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Function Clue #3

Celery is made mostly of cellulose.

What is the “protector”?

Cell Wall

This structure is the “brain” or “boss” of

the cell. It “tells” the cell what to do: to reproduce, take

in water, take in food, make food

(plant cells only), etc.

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Function Clue #4

Which structure is the “brain” of the cell?

Nucleus

Function Clue #5This organelle is very

plasmatic (shape-changing). It allows food and water to

enter the cell easily, but it holds

the cytoplasm inside its

membrane. It’s like a fence.

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Which structure holds the “innards” in but keeps bacteria out?

Cell Membrane

This small, grainlike

structure is the protein producer of

the cell. Think of it as a tiny living

factory.

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Function Clue #6

LysosomeGolgi Body

Ribosome

Ribosome

Which structure is the “Protein Producer”of the cell?

Function Clue #7This is an organelle

that is ONLY in a plant cell. It is the

structure in which a plant cell makes its

own food (chlorophyll) with

the help of the sun (in a process known as photosynthesis).

CELLS alive! James A. Sullivan

Which organelle produces food for the cell?

This chloroplast is empty because it has not yet made

chlorophyll. Why not?

Chloroplast

Perhaps it is winter time, and the sun’s rays do not strike the Earth directly enough to provide enough energy for photosynthesis to occur.

Function Clue #8

This structure is the “pantry” of a cell.

It holds the food and water that

enter the cell through the cell

membrane. In a plant cell, these

structures tend to be very large.

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Which structure holds food & water like a pantry?

Vacuole

This maze of passageway

s carries proteins and

other materials

from one part of the cell to

another.

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Function Clue #9

Endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Which structure is the “passageway” of the cell?

This structure acts as the pipeline

(distributors) of the cell. It receives materials from the

endoplasmic reticulum and sends them to

other parts of the cell. Works with

lysosomes.

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Function Clue #10

Lysosome

Golgi Bodies

Golgi Body

Which structure is the “Pipeline ” or “Distributor” of the cell?*

*These organelles could act as pipelines between the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, for example)

Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Function Clue #11

Lysosome

This structure acts as the garbage disposal of the

cell. It works with the Golgi bodies to break down “food” particles

and worn-out cell parts, and then release them

from the cell.

Lysosome

Which structure is the “Garbage Disposal” of the cell?

Organelle Functions

Protects cell from invaders (sun & insects)

Holds cytoplasm & allows food/water to enter/exit cell

Stores water & food

Gives energy to the cell

Gives instructions to the cell

Receive materials from E.R. and send them to

other parts of cell.

Chlorophyll (food) is made in this structure (through photosynthesis)

Passageway through which

materials in cell are moved

Safely holds all organelles

Breaks down food/worn-out cell parts and releases

them from cell

Learn the Function

Protects cell from invaders (sun & insects)

Holds cytoplasm & allows food/water to enter/exit cell

Stores water & food

Gives energy to the cell

Gives instructions to the cell

Receive materials from E.R. and send them to

other parts of cell.

Chlorophyll (food) is made in this structure (through photosynthesis)

Passageway through which

materials in cell are moved

Safely holds all organelles

Breaks down food/worn-out cell parts and releases

them from cell

Let’s concentrate on the nucleus next…

What’s in the Nucleus?

The nucleus contains chromatin.

Chromatin

Mitosis.ppt

What do Chromatin do?

Before one parent cell divides to become two cells, the chromatin coil and condense to become chromosomes.

CELLS alive!

BU WebCentral Learning: Flash - IntroductionSee chromatin become chromosomes:Mitosis.ppt

Genes

On the chromosomes are genes.

http://www.marfan.org/pub/newsletter/vol04/video.html

http://www.biosciences.bham.ac.uk/labs/minchin/tutorials/lgdna.html

Mitosis.ppt

DNA

In the genes is DNA, the message-giver of the cells.

Mitosis.ppt

http://www.psc.edu/science/Rosenberg/Rosenberg.html

Credits: Photographs

Permission from CellsAlive.ComContent on the CELLS alive! website is the property of Quill Graphics and is subject to international copyright laws. The site is provided as a free classroom educational resource to thousands of students and teachers each day and we encourage the use of the site and images in the classroom setting. However, any use outside the school classroom is restricted.

All photographs used in this presentation except this one were taken by Ms. Tresten or her

students during laboratory investigations of pond water. This

photograph was used by permission from CellsAlive.com

(James A. Sullivan). See permission below.

Credits: Clip Art

All clip art is used by permission from Microsoft Design Gallery.