CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

Scope . This section includes carpentry work, complete.

General. Lumber and woodwork shall be covered and protected from the elements until used. Building shall be thoroughly dry before the finish is placed in them. As far as practicable, nailing shall be done in concealed places, and all nails in exposed work shall be set. Exterior and interior finish shall be dressed and smooth. Finishing woodwork shall be hand-smoothed and sanded at the site as necessary to produce the proper finish. When practicable, millwork shall be fabricated in the shop, doweled, mortised and tensioned together, backed up and glued, machine and hand-sanded to a smooth surface, and delivered to the site, ready to be secured in place. All lumber shall be surfaced four sides. All cutting, framing and fitting necessary for the accommodation of other work shall be provided. All nails, spikes, screws, bolts, clips, anchors, shapes, and any other rough hardware necessary for the completion of the work shall be provided. All lumber surfaces in contact with concrete and masonry shall receive one brush of bituminous paint.

Moisture content . Except where otherwise specified, lumber shall be sun-dried or kiln dried. At time of installation, the maximum moisture content, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the over-dry wood, shall be as follows:

Rough carpentry and framing:

Framing lumber 50 mm and less in thickness 19%Framing lumber over 50 mm thick 25%Boards 19%

6A.3.2 Interior millwork , siding and trim. 17%

6A.3.3 Exterior millwork , finish and trim 17%

Delivery and storage . Lumber delivered to the site shall be carefully piled off the ground and stacked in such a manner as to ensure proper drainage, ventilation, and protection from the weather. It shall be stored in a well-ventilated building and shall not be exposed to extreme changes in temperature or humidity.

Materials .

Expansion shields shall be of the type, class and style best suited for the intended use or as indicated. Shield shall be accurately recessed and unless otherwise indicated, shall be not less than 64 mm into concrete or masonry.

Wood screws shall be steel, type and size best suited for the purpose. Nails may be of the annular ring or the screw type with mechanically deformed shanks.

Lumber .

Lumber for wood jambs, stair framing, girders, girt and all lumber in contact with concrete shall be hardwood: Yakal, Guijo or Paitan, good grade.

Lumber for rafters, bottom chords, plate caps, studs and nailers shall be Apitong or Tanguile and good grade.

Wood framing, base boards, planks and trims exposed to view shall be Narra or Tanguile, kiln dried as indicated, good grade.

Wood preservatives shall be applied on all wood roofing members, ceiling joist, door and window jambs, base board, underneath of planks and trims and other surfaces where necessary as directed. Preservative shall be clear for exposed surfaces and/or tinted on hidden surfaces, conforming to the best commercial standard.

Particle board shall be 9 mm thick, water resistant, density 700 to 800 kg/m, of best commercial standard and of good and sound grade for paint finish as distributed by “Tektite Technologies Corporation.”

Medium density fiberboard( MDF ) for built-in cabinets and kitchen systems, partitions and ceiling shall be made from high quality fine rubberwood chip fibers homogeneously compacted with special resins, 6, 12, 16, 25 mm thick as indicated, of good and sound grade for paint finish as distributed by “Tektite Technologies Corporation.”

Plywood for wall sheeting or others shall be Tanguile thickness as indicated, conforming to the best commercial standards.

Plastic laminates, where indicated, shall be of the best commercial standard design, pattern and color shall be as approved.

Light-metal-plate connectors shall be “Gang-nail”, galvanized, as distributed by “Trussmaker Gang-nail, Enterprises.”

Nails, common and finishing, shall conform to the best commercial standard size and type best suited for the purpose intended.

Installation of framing and miscellaneous wood members.

General . Framing lumber and other rough carpentry shall be fitted closely, set accurately to the required lines and levels, and shall be secured in place in a rigid and substantial manner. Framing members shall be free from pronounced defects. All framing members, not indicated or specified shall be provided as necessary for the proper completion of the work. Nailing shall be done in an approved manner; nails shall be of the proper size, and care shall be taken so as not to split the members.

Fabricated wood trusses and other fabricated structural members . The design shall be as indicated. Connections shall be made with light metal-plate-connectors. Members shall be adequately braced before erection. Members shall be aligned and all connections completed before removal of bracing. Individually wrapped members shall be unwrapped only after adequate protection by a roof or other cover has been provided. Scratches and abrasions on factory-applied sealer shall be treated with two brush-coats of the same sealer used at the factory.

Sill plates shall be set level, square, and anchor-bolted at not more than 1.8 meter on centers and not more than 0.30 m from each end of each piece. A minimum of 2 anchors

shall be used for each piece.

Partition and wall framing. Unless otherwise shown, studs shall be spaced 0.40 m or 0.60 m on centers. Studs shall be doubled at openings. Unless otherwise indicated, headers for openings shall be made of two pieces of stud material sets on edge, or solid lumber of equivalent size. Corners shall be constructed of not less than three full members. End studs of partitions abutting concrete or masonry shall be anchored thereto with expansion bolts, one near each of studs and at intermediate intervals of not more than 1.20 meter. Plates of partitions resting on concrete floor shall be anchored in place with expansion bolts, one near each end of each piece and at intermediate intervals of not more than 1.80 m between bolts. Anchoring into concrete with power-driven threaded studs of suitable type and size, and at 0.90 m on center in lieu of bolts. Walls and bearing partitions shall be provided with double top plates with members lapped at least 0.60 m and well-spiked together. Blocking for fire-stopping shall be provided so that the maximum dimension of any concealed space is not over 1.80 meter. Corner bracing shall be installed when required by the type of sheeting used or when siding other than panel siding is applied directly to studs. Corner bracing shall be let into the exterior surfaces of the studs at an angle approximately 45 degrees, and shall extend completely over wall plates. It shall be secured at each bearing with two nails.

Floor and ceiling framing . Except where otherwise indicated, joists shall have bearings not less than 100 mm on concrete or masonry and 38 mm on wood or metal. Joists, trimmers, headers, and beams framing into carrying members at the same relative levels shall be carried on joists’ hangers. Joists shall be lapped and spiked together at bearings or butted end-to end with scab and ties at the joint and spiked to plates. Openings in floors shall be framed with headers and trimmers. Headers carrying more than two tail joists and trimmers supporting headers carrying more than one tail joist shall be doubled, unless otherwise indicated. Joists shall be doubled under partitions parallel with floor joists.

Roof framing with rafters. Tops of rafters shall form a true plane. Valley, ridge, and hip members shall be of depth equal to cut on rafters where practicable, but in no case less than the depth of the rafters. Valleys, hips, and ridges shall be straight and true intersections of roof planes. Necessary crickets and watersheds shall be formed. Rafters, except hip and valley rafters, shall be well spiked to wall plate and to ceiling joists or bolted by clip angles. Hip and valley rafters shall be secured to wall plates by clip angles. Openings in roof shall be framed with headers and trimmers. Unless otherwise indicated, headers carrying more than two rafters and trimmers supporting headers carrying more than one rafter shall be double. Hip rafters longer than the available lumber shall be butt-jointed and scabbed. Valley rafters longer than the available lumber shall be double, with the pieces lapped not less than 1.20 m and well spiked together.

Bridging. Wood bridging shall have ends accurately bevel-cut and shall be nailed at each end with two nails. The lower ends of bridging shall be driven up tight and secured after sub-flooring or roof sheeting has been laid and a partition framing has been installed.

Blocking shall be provided as necessary for the application of siding, sheeting, sub-flooring, wallboard, and other materials or building items, and to provide fire-stopping. Blocking shall be cut to fit between framing members and rigidly nailed thereto.

Stair framing shall be well-spiked together. Rough carriages shall be cut to exact shape

required to finish treads and risers. Risers shall be of uniform height, and treads shall be of uniform width except as otherwise shown. Trimmers, blocking, and other framing necessary for the support of finish treads, newels, and railing shall be provided.

Nailers and nailing strips shall be provided as necessary for the attachment of finish materials. Strips shall be run in lengths as long as practicable, butt jointed, cut into wood framing members when necessary and rigidly secured in place.

Interior finish carpentry.

General . Finished woodwork shall be machined (flat) or hand (molded) sanded. Grades and species of wood shall be as specified. Interior finish shall be set plumb, level, square, and in true alignment. Joints shall be tight and formed to conceal shrinkage. Where practicable, jointing and nailing shall be concealed. Face nailing in trim and millwork and elsewhere as indicated, shall be set for putty stopping. Woodwork specified to receive a natural finish shall be selected for uniformity in color and graining.

Hardware. Items of finishing hardware specified under Section: Builders’ Hardware shall be fitted carefully and attached securely. Care shall be exercised so as not to mar or injure the work.

Submittal requirements . Prior to procurement, the Contractor shall submit sample of wood preservatives, plastic laminates, cabinet finishes and other special boards as may be required for approval. Specified kiln-dried lumber shall be checked and approved prior to use.