Caffeine Project

8/12/2019 Caffeine Project

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-Caffeine-1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine


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-Index-

Certificate..3

Introduction.4

Aim.7

Extraction Procedure8

Observations.12

Inference.14

Conclusion..15


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Bibliography.....16

DELHI PRIVATE SCHOOL DUBAI

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this practical file is the bonafide workof Master / Miss Class Div. Roll No...recorded in the school laboratory during academic

year 2013 to 2014.


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____________________ ______________________

External Examiner Teacher in-Charge


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-Introduction-

Caffeine is the active ingredient in the world mostpopular beverage, Coffee. Also widely used in softdrinks and energy drinks.

The origin of caffeine

use, in the from ofcoffee and tea can betraced as far back as the13thcentury. Though the placeof origin is not clear, it was first cultivated byArab farmers in the 14

thcentury.

Its popularity grew exponentially and by the 17thcentury

was a common beverage all over the world.At the time people did not fully understand its effectsand some criticized it by calling it a Bargain with theDevil that allowed you to work faster but shortenedyour lifespan.

But the effects of caffeine were beneficial to mankind asit ushered in a new era of scientific and technologicaldevelopment. The world had discovered a newbeverage that was a stimulant, all thanks to a littleeight-carbon alkaloid.


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Caffeine was evolved in plants primarily as a defensemechanism against certain insects that would try to eatthe plants seeds, leaves or fruits. Technically caffeine

is a poison, but its only poisonous to small insects.

Caffeine however does have some effects on humans.These include, increased alertness, increasedconcentration, better memory and some long-termhealth benefits. Considering this, it is not surprising it is

so popular.

Caffeine achieves its hallmark stimulant effect as itstricks the brain into thinking its not tired.The feeling of fatigue arises when a molecule calledadenosine binds with receptors in the brain; caffeinebinds to these adenosine molecules. Effectively

inhibiting their effect, and reducing tiredness.

Caffeine is the worlds most used psychoactive drug.

But it is not classified as a narcotic as it does not


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activate the pleasure circuits in the brain that otherstimulants like cocaine activate.

It is very difficult for caffeine to be lethal and there havebeen no recorded deaths due to excessive consumption

of caffeinated beverages as the amount of caffeinerequired to be dangerous is very high and our bodycontinuously excretes ingested caffeine through urine.However, caffeine in its pure form (present in diet pills)can be harmful in excess.

-Aim-


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To extract and analyze the caffeine present in oneregular tea bag.

Regular tea bags contain a good amount of caffeinethat can be extracted chemically and isolated.

-Extraction Procedure-


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1) Boil Tea Leaves extract/tea bag in 10 mL of 1M

Na2CO3Solution for 5 minutes adding distilled water tokeep solution at 10 mL

2) Cool for a minute then cool with ice bath.Remove tea bag squeezing out extra solutionabsorbed by it.

3)Adding appropriate quantities of Hexane/

isopropanol Solution shake gently and then centrifugefor 3 - 6 minutes.

4) Pipet out the upper layer avoiding the loweraqueous layer.


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5) Repeat above Extraction process twice, letextract rest.

6)Add small amount of Na2SO4

7) Decant the solution leaving behind theundissolved Na2SO4crystals.


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8) Heat this solution in the sand bath at approx.90C, caffeine will coat the bottom of the funnel.


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9) This caffeine can be further purified bysublimation with the use of ice to form purecrystals of caffeine.

-Observations-

The caffeine coats the funnel and can be seen clearly,the funnel can now be weighed to calculate the amountof caffeine in the tea bag.


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Initial mass of glass funnel = 198.446 g

Mass of tea bag = 2 g

Mass of empty tea bag = 0.5 g

Mass of tea = 1.5 g


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After deposition of Caffeine on funnel:Mass of Glass Funnel = 198.478 g

Final funnel massInitial funnel mass =Mass of caffeine deposited

198.478198.446 = 0.032 g

= 32 mg

32 milligrams of caffeine deposited on funnel.

-Inference-

There is 32 milligrams of caffeine present in 1.5 gramsof tea. Therefore, there is 1 gram of caffeine per 46.9

grams of tea.


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-Conclusion-

Caffeine, less commonly known as 1,3,7 Trimethyl-xanthine is present in tea and many other beverages,derived from several plants and seeds.


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Present in small quantities and non-lethal regular adulthumans, it is a highly effective stimulant and tastesbitter in its pure powder form.

Caffeine has even been shown to have medicalbenefits, reducing the chance of getting Diabetes andprotection from Cardiovascular Disease andParkinsons disease.

-

-Bibliography-

wikipedia.org

youtube.com

fda.gov

webmd.com


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Documents

Caffeine Project