By: Group Ripple: Ashley Bridges, Rita Daniels, Holly Ehrke, and Mallory Olson Does music therapy...
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By: Group Ripple: Ashley Bridges, Rita Daniels, Holly Ehrke, and Mallory Olson Does music therapy influence health outcomes in patients who have chronic health conditions? Please click on sound icon of each slide to hear narration
By: Group Ripple: Ashley Bridges, Rita Daniels, Holly Ehrke, and Mallory Olson Does music therapy influence health outcomes in patients who have chronic
By: Group Ripple: Ashley Bridges, Rita Daniels, Holly Ehrke,
and Mallory Olson Does music therapy influence health outcomes in
patients who have chronic health conditions? Please click on sound
icon of each slide to hear narration
Slide 3
Why Music Therapy? o It may sound cheesy, but for me, music
reaches into the soul. I think most people can relate to it,
whether its the words of a song, playing music themselves, or just
listening to it openly. It can change a mood, which might just
change your day. Ashley Bridges o Music lets you relax, touches
your heart, lifts your mood, helps you relate. Holly Ehrke o Music
can be used to change an environment, it can be used as
distraction, and help relieve tension and pain. Mallory Olson o
Music takes a person outside of themselves and transports them to
another place. Rita Daniels
Slide 4
Introduction to Music Therapy: Practice Environment o Music
began its use as a healing instrument following World War II when
the veterans hospitals were visited by community musicians who
played to veterans suffering from both physical and emotional
trauma (AMTA, 2011a).
Slide 5
Introduction to Music Therapy: Practice Environment o In the
1800s, we would first see a music therapy intervention recorded as
well as medical dissertations referencing musics therapeutic value
(AMTA, 2011a). o In the 1940s, music therapy became an organized
clinical profession and the first academic program in music therapy
was created (AMTA, 2011a). o Music Therapy is the clinical and
evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish
individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a
credentialed professional who has completed an approved music
therapy program (AMTA, 2011b, para. 1).
Slide 6
Introduction to Music Therapy: Practice Environment o Research
in music therapy supports its effectiveness in many areas such as:
overall physical rehabilitation and facilitating movement,
increasing peoples motivation to become engaged in their treatment,
providing emotional support for clients and their families, and
providing an outlet for expression of feelings (AMTA, 2011b, para.
2).
Slide 7
Introduction to Music Therapy: Practice Environment o Michael
Mayne, Dean Emeritus of Westminster, gave a lecture titled Music,
Spirituality, and Healing at the 10 th World Congress of Music
Therapy. According to Dorit Amir, Mayne talked about the connection
between spirituality, music, sickness, suffering, and being human.
He perceives music as religion and believes that music defines us,
human beings. It brings chaos, harmony to the soul and healing to
spiritual pain. Michael Mayne defined spirituality as a sense of
the beyond that gives meaning and value to our lives. He urges us
to open ourselves to the hidden qualities in music and words, to go
to the beyond, to discover the hidden depth of the human spirit
(Amir, 2002, para. 7).
Slide 8
Method of Research Articles selected were found using: Ferris
State University Library Internet Searches Databases: PubMed CINAHL
The most relevant nursing online database is CINAHL, which contains
citations of nursing literature, published commonly starting in the
1980s, but some versions may have information back to the 1930s
(Burns & Grove, 2011, p. 211).
Slide 9
How the research was gathered All articles were retrieved from
nursing and health care journals. All the articles were current,
with the least current article from 2008. Studies included:
Mixed-methods study (small randomized pilot & qualitative
interview) Exploratory study with grounded theory Cluster analysis
study Theory synthesis using database review Quantitative &
Qualitative peer-review studies.
Slide 10
Nursing Implications o Promising objectives for physical
rehabilitation, Alzheimers disease, and psychoneuroimmunology o
Health promotion and rehabilitation programs will assist
communities in becoming healthier o Involvement of pediatric cancer
patients in Creative Arts, such as music therapy, to assisting in
the healing of cancer treatments o The directed use of music and
music therapy is highly effective in developing coping strategies,
including understanding and expressing feelings of anxiety and
helplessness, supporting feelings of self-confidence and security,
and providing a safe or neutral environment for relaxation
(Degmecic, Pozgain, Filakovic, 2005, p. 298).
Slide 11
Nursing Implications Continued Why use music therapy ? o Low
cost, ease of implementation, minimal- to-low risk of harmful side
effects, and potential to improve patient satisfaction o Improved
health outcomes for patients with chronic illnesses o Improved
health outcomes with the initiation of music therapy to promote
physical activity in various community, assisted living, nursing
homes and acute care settings
Slide 12
Our own Implications for Practice Holly Ehrke: If the timing
& atmosphere is right for the family of a deceased patient, I
will play soft, back-ground music as the family congregates to say
their good-byes in the Emergency Room. In the School-Based Health
Center, I play hip-hop, fast-moving music, as in the Cupid Shuffle,
to educate students on obesity & nutrition. Ashley Bridges:
Music therapy is a challenge to implement in ER nursing because of
the short amount of time available with patients. Encouraging
patients to use the relaxation channel or use their MP3 players
helps to reduce anxiety regarding unfamiliar procedures and waiting
times for results. Mallory Olson: I use music to help calm patients
struggling with pain or anxiety. Our hospital has a channel on the
television that displays nature pictures while playing calming
music and this seems to be helpful to many patients. Rita Daniels:
I would encourage music therapy to my home health care- based
population as an excellent adjunct for exercise and
reminiscence.
Slide 13
Theoretical Perspectives o Psychological relationship between
music and pain o Cognitive coping strategies o Spinal Mechanisms
involved in modulation of pain aka Gate control theory o Endorphins
as natural opiates Research Limitations o Small sample sizes o
Selective populations o Studies often theoretical in nature o
Controlled studies only recently
Slide 14
Who benefits from music therapy for chronic health conditions?
o Patients with chronic health conditions o Developmental and
learning disabilities o Alzheimers patients o Substance abuse
problems o Brain injuries o Acute and chronic pain o Laboring
mothers o Cancer patients o Patients with anxiety
Slide 15
During a cluster-analysis study, patients who were more likely
to benefit from the intervention of music therapy were older,
female patients with less education (Chan, M.F., Chung, Y.F.L.,
Chung, S.W.A., & Lee, O.K., 2008). In a mixed method study,
including a randomized pilot and a descriptive study, future
nursing implementation of creative arts may aid in the therapeutic
healing process of pediatric cancer patients (Madden, J.R., Mowry,
P., Gao, D., Cullen, P.M., & Foreman, N.K., 2010). Engagement
with creative activities has the potential to contribute toward
reduction of stress and depression and can serve as a vehicle for
alleviating the burden of chronic disease (p. 254). This evidence
was found through research analysis of both qualitative and
quantitative, peer-reviewed studies already performed related to
art and music therapy. (Stuckey, H. L., & Nobel, J., 2010). Who
benefits from music therapy for chronic health conditions?
Slide 16
Benefits of Music Therapy Psychological Benefits o Connect and
express feelings o Promotes interaction between loved ones o Helps
restore emotional balance o Promotes relaxation o Decreases pain
sensation o Reduces anxiety o Increases sense of control Physical
Benefits o Lowers respiratory and heart rates o Increases
peripheral temperature o Decreases cortisol levels o Decreases
myocardial oxygen demand o Calms neural activity in brain o May
help restore effective immune system functioning via actions of
amygdala and hypothalamus
Slide 17
Considerations o Patients should choose when possible o Assess
familiar versus non-familiar preferences o Trial, monitor
responses, and assess volume preferences o Chose appropriate to
patients attention span and energy level o Observe for adverse
effects
Slide 18
Conclusions How does music therapy work? o Promotes activity
which helps to alleviate pain, fatigues and troubles o Modifies a
persons internal and external environment to improve health
outcomes What benefits does music therapy provide? o Improves
health outcomes o Promotes healthy behaviors in spite of illness o
Increases self-awareness of well-being o Promotes positive effects
for the mind and positive influences on health Practice Areas that
may benefit from music therapy Long term hospital stays, patients
with cancer, terminally ill, patients undergoing laceration repair
in the emergency department, patients undergoing surgery, patients
undergoing colonoscopy, patients with Alzheimers disease
Slide 19
References American Music Therapy Association (AMTA). (2011a).
History of music therapy. Retrieved from
http://www.musictherapy.org/about/history/ Batt-Rawden, K.,
Tellnes, G. (2010). How music may promote healthy behavior. Journal
of Public Health, 39(2), 113-120. Retrieved from:
http://sjp.sagepub.com/content/39/2/113. doi:
10.1177/1400494810494555 Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011).
Understanding Nursing Research. Maryland Heights, MD: Elsevier
Saunders.
Slide 20
References Chan, M.F., Chung, Y.F.L., Chung, S.W.A., Lee, O.K.
(2008). Investigating the physiological response of patients
listing to music in the intensive care unit. Journal of Clinical
Nursing, 18, 1250-1257. doi: 10.111/j.1365-2702.2008.02491.x
Degmecic, D., Pozgain, I., Filakovic, P. (2005). Music as therapy.
International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music.
36(2), 287300. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30032173
Richards, T., Johnson, J., Sparks, A., Emerson, H. (2007). The
effects of music therapy on patients perception and manifestation
of pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction. Medsurg Nursing, 16(1),
7-14.
Slide 21
References Madden, J.R., Mowry, P., Gao, D, Cullen, P.M.,
Foreman, N.K. (2010). Creative arts therapy improves the quality of
life for pediatric brain tumor patients receiving outpatient
chemotherapy. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 27(3),
144-145. Retrieved from: http://jopon.sage.com. doi: 10.1177/104
Murrdock, C.J., Higgins, P.A. (2009). The theory of music, mood and
movement to improve health outcomes. Journal of Advanced Nursing,
65(10. 2249-2257. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05108x Stuckey, H.
L., & Nobel, J. (2010). The connection between art, healing,
and public health: A review of current literature. American Journal
of Public Health, 100(2), p. 254-263.