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CS
56
3 A
dvan
ced
Topi
cs in
C
ompu
ter
Gra
phic
sTe
xtur
e M
appi
ng E
ffec
ts
by C
liff
Lind
say
“Top
Ten
Lis
t” C
ourt
esy
of D
avid
Let
term
an’s
Lat
e Sh
ow a
nd C
BS
Talk
For
mat
List
of
T
extu
re M
appi
ng
Effe
cts
from
G
ood
to S
pect
acu
lar
(my
bias
ed o
pin
ion
):
Hig
hlig
hts:
Def
ine
Each
Eff
ect
Des
crib
e Ea
ch E
ffec
t Br
iefly
: Th
eory
and
Pra
ctic
e.
Talk
abo
ut h
ow e
ach
effe
ct e
xten
ds t
he id
ea o
f ge
nera
l Te
xtur
e M
appi
ng (
prev
ious
tal
k) in
clud
ing
Pros
and
Con
s.
Dem
os o
f se
lect
ed T
extu
re M
appi
ng E
ffec
ts
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#1
0
Ligh
t M
appi
ng
Mai
n id
ea:
Stat
ic d
iffus
e lig
htin
g co
ntrib
utio
n fo
r a
surf
ace
can
be c
aptu
red
in a
tex
ture
and
ble
nded
w
ith a
noth
er t
extu
re r
epre
sent
ing
surf
ace
deta
il.
Hig
h lig
hts :
Elim
inat
e lig
htin
g ca
lcul
atio
n ov
erhe
adLi
ght
map
s ar
e lo
w r
esol
utio
nLi
ght
map
s ca
n be
app
lied
to m
ultip
le t
extu
res
*=
[Im
ages
cou
rtes
y of
flip
code
.com
]
Ligh
t M
appi
ng
Belo
w is
a n
ight
sce
ne o
f a
cast
le. N
o lig
htin
g ca
lcul
atio
n is
bei
ng p
erfo
rmed
at
all i
n th
e sc
ene.
Rig
ht:
Ligh
t M
ap a
pplie
dLe
ft:
No
Ligh
t M
ap a
pplie
d
[Im
ages
cou
rtes
y of
ww
w.g
amas
utra
.com
]
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#9
Non
-Ph
otor
ealis
tic
Ren
deri
ng
Mai
n id
ea:
Rec
reat
ing
an e
nviro
nmen
t th
at is
foc
used
on
dep
ictin
g a
styl
e or
com
mun
icat
es a
mot
if as
ef
fect
ivel
y as
pos
sibl
e. T
his
is in
con
tras
t to
Ph
otor
ealis
tic w
hich
trie
s to
cre
ate
as r
eal a
sce
ne a
s po
ssib
le.
[Rob
oM
odel
with
and
with
out
Toon
Shad
ing,
Imag
e co
urte
sy o
f M
icha
el A
rias]
Hig
h lig
hts
of N
PR:
Toon
Sha
ding
Artis
tic s
tyle
s (in
k, w
ater
co
lor,
etc
.)Pe
rcep
tual
ren
derin
g
Non
-Pho
tore
alis
ticRe
nder
ing
Non
-Ph
otor
ealis
tic
Ren
deri
ng
Sim
ple
Exam
ple:
Bla
ck O
utlin
e*
Stor
e a
blac
k st
ripe
in a
cube
map
at
the
90 d
egre
e an
gle
By
usin
g th
e ve
rtex
norm
al in
vie
w
spac
e to
inde
x th
e C
ube
map
, yo
u ge
t a b
lack
out
line
*Man
y ot
her
met
hods
exi
st t
hat
don’
t us
e te
xtur
e ha
rdw
are
Non
-Pho
tore
alis
ticRe
nder
ing
Non
-Ph
otor
ealis
tic
Ren
deri
ng
Vis
ual
Exa
mpl
e:
[Im
age
cour
tesy
of
ww
w.h
ighe
nd3d
.com
]
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#8
Pro
cedu
ral T
extu
rin
g
Mai
n I
dea:
“Pr
oced
ural
ly o
r an
alyt
ical
ly v
aryi
ng t
he
surf
ace
prop
ertie
s fr
om p
oint
to
poin
t in
ord
er t
o gi
ve
the
appe
aran
ce o
f su
rfac
e de
tail
that
is n
ot a
ctua
lly
pres
ent
in t
he g
eom
etry
of
the
surf
ace.
”[ad
apte
d fr
om
ptm
:apa
, pg.
7]
Hig
h lig
hts:
Noi
se (
fire,
sm
oke)
Frac
tals
(te
rrai
n)An
alyt
ical
(m
arbl
e, w
ood)
Gra
mm
ars
(tre
es, l
eave
s)[B
lue
Mar
ble
Proc
edur
al T
extu
re, t
am:a
pa]
Pro
cedu
ral T
extu
re M
appi
ng
Hig
h lig
hts:
Psue
do-r
ando
m n
umbe
r ge
nera
tion
with
rep
eata
bilit
y in
Sm
ooth
Band
-lim
ited
(low
-pas
s fil
ter)
, i.e
.ro
lling
hill
s vs
. sha
rp p
eaks
.
Noi
se F
un
ctio
ns:
Per
linno
ise
(mos
t po
pula
r fu
nctio
n)
prod
uces
noi
se w
ith t
he d
esira
ble
prop
erty
tha
t th
e tr
ansi
tion
from
one
poi
nt t
o an
othe
r w
ithin
the
fun
ctio
n is
a s
moo
th o
ne.
[Vas
e w
ith P
erlin
nois
e, Im
age
cour
tesy
of g
raph
ics.
lcs.
mit.
edu]
3 R
Pro
cedu
ral T
extu
re M
appi
ng
Frac
tals
(sta
tistic
al s
elf-
sim
ilarit
y):
A co
mpl
ex o
bjec
t,
the
com
plex
ity o
f w
hich
aris
es f
rom
the
rep
etiti
on o
f a
give
n sh
ape
at a
var
iety
of
scal
es.”
[tam
:apa
, pg.
571
]
[imag
e co
urte
sy o
f Pa
ul B
ourk
e@
ast
rono
my.
swin
.edu
.au]
Frac
tal T
erra
in G
ener
atio
n(B
asic
idea
):1.
Star
t w
ith a
cou
rse
mod
el (
squa
re)
2.Su
bdiv
isio
n of
sur
face
s (2
x2)
3.Ve
rtic
ally
per
turb
eac
h of
the
5 n
ew v
ertic
es
by a
ran
dom
am
ount
4.
Rep
eat
until
don
e
Pro
cedu
ral T
extu
re M
appi
ng
Frac
tal E
xam
ples
:
[Rig
ht:
Ridg
ed m
ulti-
frac
tal,
Left
: A
Frac
tal G
ener
ated
Ter
rain
, Tex
turin
g an
d M
odel
ing:
A P
roce
dura
l App
roac
h ]
Pro
cedu
ral T
extu
re M
appi
ng
Anal
ytic
al E
xam
ples
:M
arbl
e
Woo
d -
Ver
tica
l cyl
inde
rs
[Pro
cedu
ral w
ood,
bot
h co
urte
sy
of h
ttp:
//re
nder
man
.ru]
[Pro
cedu
ral m
arbl
e]
),
4,4(
),
,(
22
rt
snoise
ts
rts
f+
+=
∑ =
−+
=N i
ii
ii
rt
snoise
rr
ts
f0
)2,
2,2(
2)
,,
( *ico
ntin
ually
incr
ease
s th
e no
ise
ampl
itude
ani
mat
es t
heFo
rmat
ion
of t
he v
eins
*s,t
,rar
e so
lid t
extu
re c
oord
inat
es, t
hese
are
use
d to
do
aco
lor
map
look
up
for
the
text
ure.
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#8
Pro
s: Mem
ory
requ
irem
ent
is m
inim
al, p
roce
dura
l or
anal
ytic
al
repr
esen
tatio
n is
ver
y co
mpa
ctN
o fix
ed r
esol
utio
n, in
finite
zoo
m-in
and
zoo
m-o
ut
Occ
upy
infin
ite s
pace
or
area
Con
s: Diff
icul
t to
bui
ld a
nd d
ebug
Slow
er t
hat
text
ure
fetc
hing
Alia
sing
can
be
mor
e di
ffic
ult
than
a r
egul
ar t
extu
rePr
oced
ures
ten
d to
be
prob
lem
spe
cific
(fr
acta
l ter
rain
, etc
.),
not
gene
raliz
ed
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#7
Hig
h D
ynam
ic R
ange
Tex
ture
Map
pin
g
Mai
n id
ea:
“Vis
ualiz
ing
HD
R im
age-
base
d sc
enes
in
grap
hics
har
dwar
e w
ithou
t co
mpr
essi
ng t
he d
ynam
ic
rang
e.”[
HD
RTM
]
Hig
hlig
hts :
Usi
ng t
extu
re h
ardw
are
for
HD
R re
nder
ing
HD
R T
exur
e co
mpr
ised
of
mul
tiple
reg
ular
tex
ture
sM
ulti-
text
urin
g su
ppor
t to
co
mbi
ne t
extu
res
[Fre
snel
refle
ctio
n on
the
mon
olith
in
cath
edra
l, im
age
from
HD
RTM
]
HD
R T
extu
re M
appi
ng
Hig
h D
ynam
ic R
ange
Tex
ture
Map
pin
g
Wha
t is
dyn
amic
ran
ge?:
Mea
sure
of
lum
inan
ce r
ange
sSu
n on
the
ord
er 1
Mill
ion
Lum
ens
TV o
n th
e or
der
of a
100
-200
Lum
ens
[16
imag
es o
f a
cath
edra
l at
vario
us e
xpos
ures
, for
m R
ecov
erin
g H
DR R
adia
nce
Map
s fr
om P
hoto
grap
hs]
HD
R T
extu
re M
appi
ng
Hig
h D
ynam
ic R
ange
Tex
ture
Map
pin
g
How
to
enco
de H
DR in
8 b
it te
xtur
es:
))*
*25
6(
)*
((
)(
10
ve
clamp
ve
clamp
clamp
vI
+=
[Flo
w o
f te
xtur
e da
ta, i
mag
e fr
om H
DRTM
]
The
low
ord
er b
its a
re
stor
ed in
tex
ture
v0
and
the
high
ord
er a
re s
tore
d in
te
xtur
e v1
Expo
sure
par
amet
er is
eSu
rfac
e ap
pear
ance
is I
HD
R T
extu
re M
appi
ng
Visu
al D
iffer
ence
s Be
twee
n LD
R a
nd H
DR
Hig
h D
ynam
ic R
ange
Low
Dyn
amic
Ran
ge
[Im
ages
fro
m H
DRTM
]
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#6
Text
ure
Bom
bin
g
Mai
n id
ea:
Div
ide
the
UV
text
ure
spac
e in
to g
rids
or
cells
the
n ra
ndom
ly p
lace
an
imag
e w
ithin
sel
ecte
d ce
lls g
ivin
g th
e te
xtur
e a
colla
ge lo
ok.
[Tex
ture
bom
bed
elep
hant
in
Ren
derm
onke
y, c
ourt
esy
of A
TI]
Hig
h lig
hts:
Com
posi
ting
can
be w
ith
imag
es o
r pr
oced
ural
lyM
ultip
le im
ages
per
cel
l (o
verla
ppin
g im
ages
)M
any
way
s to
pic
k ce
lls
Text
ure
Bom
bing
Text
ure
Bom
bin
g
Tech
niqu
e:
Find
a c
ell t
o pl
ace
imag
e (u
sual
ly a
ran
dom
pro
cess
)Co
py o
r dr
aw t
he im
age
in t
heCe
ll pr
oced
ural
lyCo
nsid
er a
djac
ent
cells
(o
verla
pp?)
[Tex
ture
bom
bing
Im
ages
, cou
rtes
y of
w
ww
.web
natio
n.co
m]
*Pla
cem
ent
is u
sual
ly im
port
ant
depe
ndi
ng
on e
ffec
t
Text
ure
Bom
bing
Text
ure
Bom
bin
g
Tech
nica
l Exa
mpl
e: f
indi
ng a
3D
cel
l:
for(
i = -
1, i
<=
0;
i++
){
for(
j = -
1, j
<=
0;
j++
){
for(
k =
-1,
k <
= 0
; k+
+)
{ cell_
t =
cel
l + f
loat
3(i,j
,k);
offs
et_t
= o
ffse
t –
float
3(i,j
,k);
rand
omU
V =
cel
l_t.
xy *
flo
at2(
.037
, .11
9) +
cel
l_t.
z *
.003
;… }
}} [C
ode
exam
ple
from
GPU
Gem
s]
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#5
Text
ure
Sh
adin
g
Mai
n I
dea:
Tex
ture
Sha
ding
pre
com
pute
s co
mpl
ex
surf
ace
and
light
ing
mod
els,
suc
h as
BRD
Fs, i
nto
a lo
okup
tex
ture
for
rea
l-tim
e ap
plic
atio
ns w
ith f
ixed
pi
pelin
es.
Hig
h lig
hts:
Com
plex
BRD
Fs a
re u
sual
ly
prec
ompu
ted
in t
his
fash
ion
Mul
ti-pa
ss r
ende
ring
or m
ulti-
fetc
h te
xtur
e lo
okup
sFa
ctor
izat
ion
[Fac
tore
d BR
DFs
: La
Fort
une
mod
el, I
mag
es
from
Sig
grap
h Pa
per
(see
ref
eren
ces)
]
Text
ure
Sh
adin
g
Pre
com
puti
ng
Mos
t BR
DFs
can
be
fact
ored
or
brok
en u
p w
ith t
he p
arts
bei
ng
fact
orab
le.
Fact
or o
ver
2 va
riabl
es:
φθ,
A)As
hikh
min
-Shi
rley
B)Po
ulin
-Fou
rnie
rC)
Viny
l (m
easu
red)
D)A
lum
. Foi
l (m
easu
red)
Text
ure
Shad
ing
Text
ure
ref
eren
ce(p
reco
mpu
te&
ru
n t
ime)
Prec
ompu
te:
Incr
emen
t th
roug
h s
torin
g th
e ev
alua
ted/
mea
sure
d va
lues
in t
he
appr
opria
te t
extu
re c
oord
inat
e
φθ,
φ
θRun
Tim
e:Ca
lcul
ate
the
inco
min
g an
d ou
t go
ing
vect
or t
o ge
t In
dex
into
tex
ture
per
φ
θ,
[Pre
com
pute
dre
flect
ance
tex
ture
s,
Freq
uenc
y En
viro
nmen
t M
appi
ng]
Text
ure
Shad
ing
Mor
e Ex
ampl
es
A)As
hikh
min
-Shi
rley
B)Po
ulin
-Fou
rnie
rC)
Viny
l (m
easu
red)
D)A
lum
. Foi
l (m
easu
red)
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#4
Vol
um
e R
ende
rin
g
Mai
n id
ea:
“Vol
ume
rend
erin
g m
etho
ds g
ener
ate
imag
es o
f a
3D v
olum
etric
dat
a se
t w
ithou
t ex
plic
itly
extr
actin
g ge
omet
ric s
urfa
ces
from
the
dat
a”[g
puge
ms]
Hig
hlig
hts:
Stac
ks o
f 2D
tex
ture
slic
esVo
xel(
anal
ogus
to p
ixel
,te
xel)
Rec
onst
ruct
ion
(inte
rpol
atio
n be
twee
nvo
xels
)
[Scr
een
shot
fro
m T
extu
re V
isua
lizer
Sof
twar
e]
Vol
um
e R
ende
rin
g
Vol
um
e R
ende
rin
g Si
mpl
e Ex
ampl
e
Cond
ense
d St
eps
For
Ren
derin
g:1.
Set
up t
extu
re d
ata,
fra
gmen
t pr
ogra
m, M
odel
view
and
Pro
ject
ion
mat
rices
.
2.En
able
Alp
ha b
lend
ing.
gl
Enab
le(G
L_BL
END
);
glBl
endF
unc(
GL_
ON
E ,
GL_
ON
E_M
INU
S_SR
C_AL
PHA
);
1.D
isab
le li
ghts
and
dep
th t
est.
gl
Dis
able
(GL_
LIG
HTI
NG
);
glD
isab
le(G
L_D
EPTH
_TES
T);
1.Bi
nd t
extu
re d
ata
and
frag
men
t pr
ogra
m.
2.D
raw
tex
ture
d qu
ads.
X
YZ
[ste
ps p
rovi
ded
in G
PU G
ems,
ch3
9.3.
1, p
g 67
3]
Vol
um
e R
ende
rin
g
Cg
Frag
men
t P
rogr
am F
or S
impl
e V
olu
me
Ren
deri
ng
void
mai
n (
unifo
rm f
loat
3em
issi
veco
lor,
un
iform
sam
pler
3dda
taTe
x,
float
3te
xCoo
rd :
TEX
COO
RD
0,
float
4co
lor
: CO
LOR)
{//
read
vol
ume
data
float
a =
tex
3d(t
exCo
ord,
dat
aTex
);
//m
ultip
ly c
olor
and
opac
aity
colo
r =
a *
em
issi
veCo
lor;
}
[Cg
code
sam
ple
from
GPU
Gem
s, c
h 39
, pg.
673
]
Vol
um
e R
ende
rin
gV
isu
al E
xam
ples
2D t
extu
res(
axis
-alig
ned
slic
es)
3D t
extu
res(
view
-alig
ned
Slic
es),
imag
es c
ourt
esy
of S
iggr
aph/
Euro
grap
hics
text
urin
g(b
iline
arin
terp
olat
ion)
text
urin
g(b
iline
arin
terp
olat
ion)
com
posi
ting
(ble
ndin
g)co
mpo
sitin
g(b
lend
ing)
text
urin
g(tr
iline
arin
terp
olat
ion)
text
urin
g(tr
iline
arin
terp
olat
ion)
com
posi
ting
(ble
ndin
g)co
mpo
sitin
g(b
lend
ing)
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#3
Text
ure
Atl
as
Mai
n I
dea:
Sto
re m
ultip
le s
mal
ler
text
ures
into
a
larg
er s
ingl
e te
xtur
e.
[Im
age
cour
tesy
of
Cat
Mot
her]
Hig
h lig
hts:
Pres
erve
sur
face
det
ails
Com
bine
mul
tiple
tex
ture
sCa
n ev
en c
ompu
te li
ghtin
g!?
Text
ure
Atl
as
Text
ure
Atl
as
Use
d Ex
ten
sive
ly in
Gam
es:
Hig
h re
solu
tion
mes
hes
gene
rate
mor
e de
tail
whe
n sh
aded
, we
can
pres
erve
tha
t de
tail
and
appl
y to
low
er r
esol
utio
ns m
eshe
s. T
his
is
grea
tfo
r ga
me
char
acte
rs!
An in
tern
al n
Vidi
asu
rvey
of
four
Dire
ctX9
titl
es r
evea
ls t
hat
the
follo
win
g re
nder
-sta
te c
hang
es o
ccur
mos
t fr
eque
ntly
[nsd
k]:
SetT
extu
re()
// b
ad n
ews!
!!SetVertexShaderConstantF()
SetPixelShader()
SetStreamSource()
SetVertexDeclaration()
SetIndices()
[Im
ages
cou
rtes
y of
Gar
age
Gam
es]
Text
ure
Atl
as
Text
ure
Atl
as
Pro
s: Cons
erve
mem
ory
-te
xtur
e m
emor
y is
sca
rce
even
w
ith t
oday
's g
raph
ics
card
sRed
uce
com
puta
tion
at r
un t
ime
Com
plex
ity r
educ
tion,
mod
el h
as o
ne t
extu
re
Con
s: Seem
s an
d te
xtur
e po
llutio
n fr
omH
ow d
o w
e la
yout
the
mes
h(no
n-tr
ivia
l)?
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#2
Envi
ron
men
t M
appi
ng
Mai
n id
ea:
“Env
ironm
ent
Map
s ar
e te
xtur
es t
hat
desc
ribe
for
all d
irect
ions
the
inco
min
g or
out
goi
ng
light
at
a po
int
in s
pace
.”[r
t_sh
ade,
pg.
49]
”
Thre
e m
ain
type
s:Cu
be M
appi
ngSp
here
map
ping
Para
bolo
id M
appi
ng
No
Map
app
lied
Map
App
lied
[Im
ages
cou
rtes
y of
Mic
roso
ft, m
sdn.
mic
roso
ft..c
om]
Envi
ron
men
t M
appi
ng
Cu
bic
Map
pin
gCa
mer
a ta
kes
orth
ogra
phic
pic
ture
s in
six
axi
s
(-X,
X, Y
, -Y,
Z, -
Z)Lo
ok u
p is
def
ined
cal
cula
ting
a re
flec
tion
vect
or
[imag
e co
urte
sy o
f nV
idia
.com
]
* In
dex
into
the
Neg
ativ
e Z
regi
on (
dark
blu
e)
I.E.
: R =
(3.
14, .
21, -
8.7)
X, Y,
Z
Z is
larg
est
& n
egat
ive
Envi
ron
men
t M
appi
ng
Sph
ere
Map
pin
gG
ener
ated
fro
m p
hoto
grap
hing
a r
efle
ctiv
e sp
here
Capt
ures
who
le e
nviro
nmen
t
[Dia
gram
and
Sph
ere
Map
imag
e of
a C
afe
in P
alo
Alto
, CA
, Hei
dric
h]
Envi
ron
men
t M
appi
ng
Sph
ere
Map
pin
g
Obt
ain
the
refle
ctio
n ve
ctor
:)
(0.2
IN
NI
Rr
rr
rr
•⋅
⋅−
= [imag
e co
urte
sy o
f nV
idia
.com
](
)(
)2
22
12
21
,
21
++
+=
+=
+=
zy
x
yx
RR
Rm
mRt
mRsIn
dex
into
the
Sph
ere
map
:
Envi
ron
men
t M
appi
ng
Par
abal
oid
Map
pin
g
()
22
2121
),
(y
xy
xf
+−
=1
22
≤+y
x, w
here
Hig
h Li
ghts
:Tw
o te
xtur
es, o
ne f
or
each
hem
isph
ere
No
artif
acts
at
pole
sReq
uire
s 2
pass
es o
r tw
o te
xtur
e fe
tche
s to
re
nder
[Sha
ded
area
s of
Par
abol
oid
Map
, im
age
adap
ted
from
[ph
d]]
Envi
ron
men
t M
appi
ng
Cons
: Sphe
re m
aps
have
a s
ingu
larit
y of
the
pa
ram
eter
izat
ion
of t
his
met
hod,
we
mus
t fix
vi
ewin
g di
rect
ion,
vie
w-d
epen
dent
(m
eani
ng if
you
w
ant
to c
hang
e th
e vi
ewer
s di
rect
ion
you
have
to
rege
nera
te t
he S
pher
e m
ap).
Para
bolo
id m
aps
requ
ires
2 pa
sses
Pros
: Bett
er s
ampl
ing
of t
he t
extu
re e
nviro
nmen
t fo
r Pa
rabo
loid
map
ping
, vie
w-in
depe
nden
t,Cu
be m
aps
can
be f
ast
if im
plem
ente
d in
har
dwar
e (r
eal-t
ime
gene
ratio
n), v
iew
inde
pend
ent,
Text
ure
Map
pin
g Ef
fect
#1
Bu
mp
Map
pin
g
Mai
n id
ea:
“Com
bine
s pe
r-fr
agm
ent
light
ing
with
su
rfac
e no
rmal
per
turb
atio
ns s
uppl
ied
by a
tex
ture
, in
orde
r to
sim
ulat
elig
ht in
tera
ctio
ns o
n a
bum
py
surf
ace.
”[Cg
Tut
oria
l, pg
199
]”
Whe
re C
an I
get
the
se m
aps?
:N
orm
al M
aps
from
Hei
ght
Fiel
ds (
mos
t co
mm
on)
Vect
or O
ffse
t M
aps
[tex
ture
atla
s an
d no
rmal
map
of
an M
16
rifle
, im
ages
cou
rtes
y of
cat
mot
her]
Bu
mp
Map
pin
g
Bu
mp
Map
P=
orig
inal
Sur
face
loca
tion/
heig
htN
= S
urfa
ce N
orm
alF
= D
ispl
acem
ent
Func
tion
P’=
New
Sur
face
loca
tion/
heig
ht
*),
()
,(
),
()
,(
vu
Fv
uN
vu
Pv
uP
r+
=′
),
(v
uP
),
()
,(
),
(v
uF
vu
Nv
uP
r+
Imag
e Ad
apte
d fr
om [
pbrt
]
* As
sum
es is
nor
mal
ized
.Nr
Bu
mp
Map
pin
g
Bu
mp
Map
The
new
Nor
mal
N’ f
or P
’ can
be
calc
ulat
ed f
rom
th
e cr
oss
prod
uct
of it
’s p
artia
l der
ivat
ives
[Blin
n].
∂∂×
∂∂+
∂∂
×∂∂
+≈
∂′
∂×
∂′
∂=′
vPN
vFuP
NuF
NvP
uPN
rr
rr
Dif
fere
ntia
l Mat
h!!!
Bu
mp
Map
pin
g
Bu
mp
Map
s
Pros
:Pr
oduc
es t
he a
ppea
ranc
e of
hig
h de
tail
w/
out
the
cost
Can
be d
one
in h
ardw
are
Cons
:N
o se
lf sh
adow
ing
(nat
ivel
y)Ar
tifac
ts o
n th
e si
lhou
ette
s
Bu
mp
Map
pin
g
Cg
Bu
mp
Map
pin
gflo
at4
mai
n( float
2 de
tailC
oord
s: T
EXC
OO
RD
0,
float
2 bu
mpC
oord
s: T
EXC
OO
RD
1,
float
3 lig
htV
ecto
r: C
OLO
R0,
un
iform
floa
t3am
bien
tCol
or,
unifo
rm sa
mpl
er2D
deta
ilTex
ture
: TEX
UN
IT0,
un
iform
sam
pler
2Dbu
mpT
extu
re: T
EXU
NIT
1): C
OLO
R{
float
3de
tailC
olor
= te
x2D
(det
ailT
extu
re,d
etai
lCoo
rds)
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ompr
ess v
ecto
rs ([
0, 1
] ->
[-1,
1])
flo
at3
light
Vec
torF
inal
= 2.
0 *
(ligh
tVec
tor.r
gb-0
.5);
float
3bu
mpN
orm
alV
ecto
rFin
al
= 2.
0 *
(tex2
D(b
umpT
extu
re,b
umpC
oord
s).rg
b-0
.5);
// C
ompu
te d
iffus
e fa
ctor
flo
at d
iffus
e =
dot(b
umpN
orm
alV
ecto
rFin
al,l
ight
Vec
torF
inal
); re
turn
floa
t4(d
iffus
e *
deta
ilCol
or+
ambi
entC
olor
, 1.0
); }
Hon
orab
le M
enti
on
Som
e O
ther
Tex
ture
Rel
ated
Alg
orith
ms:
Text
ure
Map
ping
Har
dwar
eAn
ti-Al
iasi
ng3D
Tex
ture
Map
ping
Anim
ated
Tex
ture
sAl
pha
Map
ping
Proj
ectiv
e Te
xtur
esTe
xtur
e An
imat
ion
Sum
mar
y
As y
ou c
an s
ee f
rom
the
slid
es, t
extu
re m
appi
ng
goes
bey
ond
the
gene
ral d
efin
ition
of
text
ure
map
ping
.
All o
f th
ese
exci
ting
adva
ncem
ents
in t
extu
re
map
ping
hav
e co
me
abou
t fr
om t
he h
ardw
are’
s co
mpa
nies
des
ire t
o m
ake
text
ure
map
ping
fas
t.
The
effe
cts
show
n he
re a
re p
roba
bly
the
mos
t re
spon
sibl
e fo
r m
akin
g re
al-t
ime
grap
hics
look
and
fe
el m
ore
real
istic
.
Ref
eren
ces
#1
Bum
p M
appi
ng:
A Pr
actic
al a
nd R
obus
t Bum
p-m
appi
ng T
echn
ique
for
Toda
y’s
GPU
s, M
ark
J. K
ilgar
d, N
VID
IA C
orpo
ratio
n, G
DC
2000
: Ad
vanc
edO
pneG
LG
ame
Dev
elop
men
t.Si
mul
atio
n of
Wrin
kled
Sur
face
s,Bl
inn,
Jim
, Int
erna
tiona
l Co
nfer
ence
on
Com
pute
r G
raph
ics
and
Inte
ract
ive
Tech
niqu
es, 1
978
The
Cg T
utor
ial,
Fern
ando
, Ran
dim
a, K
ilgar
d, M
ark,
Add
ison
-W
esle
y, 2
003
Cg B
ump
Map
ping
, Sur
dule
scu,
Raz
van,
ht
tp:/
/ww
w.g
amed
ev.n
et/r
efer
ence
/art
icle
s/ar
ticle
1903
.asp
, 4/
15/2
003,
Gam
edev
.net
Cour
se S
lide
from
“In
tera
ctiv
e Sh
adin
g Co
urse
”, B
rad
Gra
ntha
m, S
iggr
aph
1999
, ht
tp:/
/ww
w.o
peng
l.org
/res
ourc
es/t
utor
ials
/sig
99/s
hadi
ng99
/cou
rse_
slid
es/S
hadi
ng1/
sld0
02.h
tmPh
ysic
ally
Bas
ed R
ende
ring,
Pha
rr, M
att,
Hum
phre
ys, G
reg,
El
sevi
erIn
c./M
orga
n-Ka
ufm
an, 2
004
Ref
eren
ces
#2
Envi
ronm
ent
Map
ping
Rea
l-tim
e Sh
adin
g,O
lano
, Mar
c, H
art,
C.,
John
,Hei
dric
h,
Wol
fgan
g,M
cCoo
l, M
icha
el,A
.K. P
eter
s, 2
002.
cube
dia
gram
fro
m:
http
://m
sdn.
mic
roso
ft.c
om/li
brar
y/de
faul
t.as
p?ur
l=/li
brar
y/en
- us/d
irect
x9_c
/dire
ctx/
grap
hics
/Tut
oria
lsAn
dSam
ples
/Tut
oria
ls/
HLS
LWor
ksho
p/En
viro
nmen
tMap
2.as
pPe
rfec
t Ref
lect
ions
and
Spec
ular
Ligh
ting
Effe
cts
With
Cub
e En
viro
nmen
t M
appi
ng,n
Vidi
aTe
chni
cal B
rief,
ww
w.n
vidi
a.co
m,G
efor
ce25
6 G
PU.
Not
es f
rom
ope
ngls
ite
http
://w
ww
.ope
ngl.o
rg/r
esou
rces
/tut
oria
ls/s
ig99
/adv
ance
d99/
note
s/no
de18
3.ht
ml
Hig
h-qu
ality
Sha
ding
and
Lig
htin
g fo
r H
ardw
are-
acce
lera
ted
Ren
derin
g,he
idric
h, W
olfg
ang,
PhD
the
sis,
Uni
vers
ity o
fEr
lang
en-N
iirnb
erg,
Apr
il 19
99
Ref
eren
ces
#3
Text
ure
Atla
sIm
prov
e Ba
tchi
ng U
sing
Tex
ture
Atla
ses
-N
vidi
aSD
Kw
hite
pape
r.G
arag
e G
ames
, Tor
que
Gam
e En
gine
.Rea
l-tim
e Sh
adin
g,O
lano
, Mar
c, H
art,
C.,
John
,Hei
dric
h, W
olfg
ang,
McC
ool,
Mic
hael
,A.K
. Pet
ers,
200
2.
#4
Volu
me
Ren
derin
gKl
aus
Enge
l, M
artin
Kra
us, T
hom
asEr
tl, S
iggr
aph/
Euro
grap
hics
Wor
ksho
p on
Gra
phic
s H
ardw
are,
200
1, P
ower
Poi
nt S
lides
GPU
Gem
s, C
hapt
er 3
9 Vo
lum
e Ren
derin
g Te
chni
ques
, Fer
nand
o,Ran
dim
a, A
ddis
on-w
esle
yan
dnV
idia
, 200
4.Te
xtur
e Vi
sual
izer
Soft
war
e,W
eiLi
, Sto
ny B
rook
Uni
vers
ity,
http
://w
ww
.cs.
suny
sb.e
du/.
../Te
xtur
eVis
ualiz
er.h
tm
Ref
eren
ces
#5
Text
ure
Shad
ing
Effic
ient
BRD
F Im
port
ance
Sam
plin
g U
sing
a F
acto
red
Rep
rese
ntat
ion,
Jas
on L
awre
nce,
Szym
on R
usin
kiew
icz,
Rav
i Ram
amoo
rthi
, Sig
grap
h, 2
004
Freq
uenc
y Sp
ace
Envi
ronm
ent
Map
Ren
derin
g,Rav
i Ram
amoo
rthi
, Pa
tH
anra
han,
Sig
grap
h 20
02Rea
l-tim
e Sh
adin
g,O
lano
, Mar
c, H
art,
C.,
John
,Hei
dric
h, W
olfg
ang,
McC
ool,
Mic
hael
,A.K
. Pet
ers,
200
2
#6
Text
ure
Bom
bing
Text
ure
bom
bing
, Cha
pter
20
of G
PU G
ems,
Fer
nand
o,Ran
dim
a,
Addi
son-
wes
ley
and
nVid
ia, 2
004,
pg.
323
#7
Hig
h D
ynam
ic R
ange
Tex
ture
Map
ping
Rea
l-tim
e H
DR T
extu
re M
appi
ng, J
onat
han
Cohe
n, C
hris
Tcho
u,
Tim
Haw
kins
, and
Pau
lDeb
evec
,Eur
ogra
phic
s w
rksh
opon
re
nder
ing,
200
1Rec
over
ing
Hig
h D
ynam
ic R
ange
Rad
ianc
e M
aps
from
Ph
otog
raph
s, P
aul E
.Deb
evec
Jite
ndra
Mal
ik, S
iggr
aph
1997
Ref
eren
ces
#8
Proc
edur
al T
extu
ring
Text
urin
g an
d M
odel
ing:
A p
roce
dura
l App
roac
h, t
hird
add
ition
, Eb
ert,
Dav
id,M
usgr
ave,
F,P
each
ey,D
arw
yn,P
erlin
, Ken
, Wor
ley,
St
even
, Mor
gan
Kauf
man
, 200
3Rea
l-tim
e Sh
adin
g,O
lano
, Mar
c, H
art,
C.,
John
,Hei
dric
h, W
olfg
ang,
McC
ool,
Mic
hael
,A.K
. Pet
ers,
200
2.
#9
Non
-Pho
tore
alis
ticRe
nder
ing
The
Cg T
utor
ial,
Fern
ando
,Ran
dim
a,Ki
lgar
d, M
ark,
Add
ison
-W
esle
y, 2
003
Non
-Pho
tore
alis
ticCo
mpu
ter
Gra
phic
s, T
hom
asSt
roth
otte
, Ste
fan
Schl
echt
weg
, Mor
gan
Kauf
man
200
2G
PU T
oon
Shad
ing,
D.S
imD
ietr
ich
Jr.,
nVid
iaIn
c., G
DC
Talk
20
02#
10 L
ight
Map
ping
Not
es f
rom
ope
ngl.o
rg
tuto
rials
/adv
ance
d/ad
vanc
ed98
/not
es/n
ode1
03.h
tml
Rea
l-tim
e Ren
derin
g 2n
dEd
ition
, tom
as A
keni
ne-M
olle
r, E
ric h
aine
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