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PREFACE
Budaya is a word in the Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Melayu
languages that means cultures. The world is becoming smaller and
smaller everyday. This gives us more compelling reasons to study
cultures as they exist without assigning judgmental values.
Budaya is an art folio that contains a medley of visual metaphors
that illuminate the cultures of Southeast Asia and South Korea.
Each visual metaphor takes on various themes such as mutuality,
sameness, appreciation, acceptance, diversity and values.
Moreover, each visual metaphor contains descriptions that
manifest beliefs or attitudes toward these cultures.
The origin of these interpretative visuals arises from classroom
discussions about the paintings published in the book Cultural
Understanding through Paintings of Southeast Asia and Korea. The
21 paintings come from seven countries, namely, Cambodia,
Indonesia, Korea, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
The visual metaphors in this folio, 20 in total, are an eye delight.
Here you will see motifs such as the bagua, natural objects like
flowers and even practical tools like umbrella. Indeed, the visuals
demonstrate the creativity and interpretative skills of the students
as they engage in an academic enquiry of Southeast Asian and
Korean cultures.
BAGUA
Stefania Valentina and Felicia
Though Chinese in origin, the bagua aptly describes
the cultures of Southeast Asia and Korea. These
cultures carry different representations of realities:
good and bad, strong and weak, broken and
unbroken, heaven and earth, rich and poor,
happiness and misery. The Dano Festival (Korean
wrestling), for instance, has been a celebration that
gathers opposites of sorts: young - old and poor -
rich.
All in all, the bagua is a reminder that cultures
embody representations of realities. They are not just
celebrated during specific months of the year; they
are actually being lived every single day.
2
BUTTERFLY ON A FLOWER
Andre Prasetyo Arifin and Sherine Amanda Feryanto
A butterfly lands on a flower to get nourishment. It
usually sets on a top of the flower to drink the
nectar.
Aren't we all just like butterflies needing some
nourishment? The cultures of Southeast Asia and
Korea feed our minds with an understanding that not
all cultures are created the same. They also feed our
hearts with an appreciation to the beauty of these
cultures.
4
CHAMELEON SHOE
Hyacynthia Kesuma and Laudya Jenita
A shoe is made up of a variety of raw materials. Like
a shoe, cultures in Southeast Asia and South Korea
are varied. The diversity can be seen in the levels of
origin, beliefs, values and practices.
Southeast Asian and South Korean cultures are like a
chameleon. Chameleons have the natural ability to
change colors depending on the surrounding
environment. Cultures also have adaptive tendencies.
They may adapt to new conditions but the essence
would always remain the same
6
CIRCLES
Christopher Dennis Budiaman and Ryan Soenardi
The ten circles represent the ten countries in
Southeast Asia. If we notice, the circles overlap each
other. This means that there are cultural similarities
and differences among these nations.
The earth in the middle of the overlapping circles
symbolizes human affairs that shape these cultures.
These human affairs include formal education,
dialogue and cooperation which are tools for
intercultural understanding.
8
DINING ROOM
Andrew Harman and Tifano Sebastian Pandu Pratama
A superlative metaphor that describes our cultures in
the region is the dining room. It is in the dining room
where food is shared, where ideas are raised, where
laughter is exchanged, and where each and every
member unites in the comfort of food.
In the same way, our cultures are like a dining room.
They provide the space to share and raise ideas, to
exchange views and to articulate feelings.
10
EYE
Bram Musuko Panjaitan and Nico Alexander
The cultures of Southeast Asia and Korea are truly an
eye-opener: they break stereotypes of exoticism, they
diversify views, they explain histories, religions,
spirituality and politics, and they demonstrate
complex social practices. This is why we feel that an
eye is the best metaphor to explain it all.
A closer look at the eye shows a multicolored iris.
This represents the heterogeneity of cultures. Seen
from this perspective, it recognizes that cultures must
be appreciated and understood.
12
GEARS
Nicole Fay and Viola Fladia
This image illustrates gears of identical sizes that work
in a sequence. The circular arrangement of the gears
produces a mechanical advantage as in a simple
machine.
ASEAN cultures work in the same ways as these gears.
Although there are differences, there are cultural
similarities that drive the region to work together.
When one culture meshes with another culture, it
gives an impression that cultures aim to have a
common direction: the championing of local values
and identities.
14
HAND FAN
Brigitta Gloria and Ignacia Antoinette Kasim
Waved back and forth, a hand-held fan provides
cooling by displacing the warmer air produced by
our body heat. It is shaped like a sector of a circle
and made of thin materials. It revolves around a
pivot so that it can be opened and closed.
The different festivals in Southeast Asia and South
Korea are like this multicolored hand-held fan. Each
country has festivals to be uniquely proud of but they
are looped in one axis: acceptance. A sincere
acceptance that cultures vary from one another
provides an air of comfort.
16
HANDS
Nathanael Bryant Be and Philipus Valentino
Through helping hands, cultures can understand each
other. Understanding appears in many forms:
education, dialogue, pacts, programs and exchanges.
In this image, the hands are spread; they are wide
open enough to take in other ideas even different
from their own. They are hands that are accepting,
willing and embracing.
18
HOME
Eugenia Angesti Meganingtyas, Eunike Eileen Emeralda and
Anila Dimarsa
Home is where the heart is. Deep in our hearts, we
can feel our cultures that have been shaping us.
In this photo, the home is built on a solid ground
made of granite stones. Our cultures rest on strong
foundations as well. Our values and histories as
people in one region give us a firm and solid footing
in who we were, who we are and who we will be.
In Asia, we are truly home.
20
JIGSAW
Amanda Hertantu and Priscillia Tandavo
This puzzle represents the interconnectedness of
cultures in Southeast Asia and South Korea. Each
piece of puzzle shows a country's uniqueness.
Formed together with other pieces, a meaningful
whole can be seen.
Even as cultures have many differences, there will
always be a sense of whole. This can be manifested in
human efforts to strive for dialogue, peace and
understanding.
Southeast Asian and Korean cultures are distinct
pieces of puzzle. These pieces can complete each
other. Seen as a completed whole, these cultures can
create a bigger picture.
22
MOBILE PHONES
Antonius Andrew Hadinata and Jonathan Jordy
Mobile phones make it possible for us to be
connected with others. It also makes possible other
applications that can ease our work, business, and so
on. With mobile phones, it appears that there is a
wealth of possibilities.
Our cultures are just like our handy mobile phones.
Learning cultures of different Southeast Asian nations
help us to be connected with our counterparts. The
connections become intensified through shared
values. Likewise, when we learn these cultures, we
face possibilities of understanding, compassion,
mutuality and tolerance
24
NOODLES
Jessen Adrianus Reynaldi and Erys Susanty
Noodle is a staple food in Asia. It is therefore not
surprising that of all possible representations, noodles
seem to be the finest example.
After all, Southeast Asian and Korean cultures are like
noodles: cut and folded into other shapes and boiled
or fried with a variety of seasonings to suit one's
personal taste. Isn't this an apt description of how
complex yet adaptable our cultures are?
26
PETALS
Christophorus Ivan Darmasaputra and Ferdinand Kenji
Dwitama
What makes a rose a rose? The petals. The petals of a
rose produce different scents, colors, shapes and sizes.
The cultures of Southeast Asia and Korea are petals in
themselves. They emit scents of love and
compassion, radiate colors of diversity, and form
shapes and sizes of understanding and appreciation
28
SHIELD
Alexander Yusuf Yogie and Anastasia Juwono Surja
Why did we draw a shield to represent our cultures?
A shield safeguards, protects and secures oneself from
an attack. We believe that through education, our
cultures can be shielded from possible cultural
extinction. Learning cultures that span the region
makes it possible for our cultures to thrive and
endure for the next generations.
Shield varies in size but they are durable enough.
What strengthens our cultures is the appreciation that
there is diversity. This appreciation can deflect
ideologies of intolerance and ethnocentrism.
30
SONGBIRD
Felicitas Jessica Wong and Nadia Wandaputri
Our cultures are songbirds: they sing songs pleasant
to the human ear; they perch on branches of trees;
and they are delicate.
For example, the fiestas in the Philippines are filled
with songs that have auditory appeal. The Visakha
Puja Day in Thailand is perched on the precepts of
Buddhism. The Upacara Pernikahan Adat Jawa in
Indonesia has rituals that are intricate.
In sum, songbirds signify our cultures in Southeast
Asia and Korea: charming, delicate and secured on
traditions that have lasted for generations.
32
SPROUTING FLOWER
Abraham Talent Bawadi Sibarani and Glenn Bonaventura
Wijaya
Festivals evolve over time. Ssireum, the popular form
of wrestling held during Dano Festival in South
Korea, has now accepted women wrestlers. About
1,500 years ago, it was dominated by male wrestlers.
Thingyan, the water festival in Myanmar, utilize
traditional instruments like drums, cymbals, oboes
and flutes, but nowadays, loud speakers blasting
modern pop songs are used.
Indeed, Southeast Asian and Korean festivals sprout
like flowers. They germinate in many forms as time
passes by. The evolution of festivals remains rooted
in their essence.
34
UMBRELLA
Alando Wijaya Tjoa and Hansen Ritchie
What is extraordinary in this umbrella is that its
stretchers are embossed with the national flags of
different countries in the Southeast Asian region. The
stretchers are wide enough to accommodate more
than one person seeking for some shade.
Understanding cultures have the same
accommodating effect. To truly accommodate
cultures in our lives, understanding is certainly
important.
The handle of the umbrella is obviously multicolored.
It represents the diverse features of Southeast Asian
cultures. This diversity becomes a unifying tool that
makes it possible for a person to hold high the
umbrella.
36
UNFINISHED PAINTING
Henry Febrian, Robby and Ryan Pratama Muljono
An unfinished painting is fascinating for a number of
reasons. First, it creates speculation as to what the
finished painting would have been like had it been
completed. Second, it influences and inspires other
people to work on their respective paintings.
This image is an unfinished painting about Southeast
Asian and Korean cultures. It is unfinished because we
see cultures as never-ending canvases. While
unfinished paintings have strong old traditions, they
have stories that endure throughout generations.
38
YIN YANG FLOWER
Ibrahim Keith Harold Ford and Ni Putu Andrea
Paramananda
In summary, the festivities with Southeast Asian and
Korean origins are like a yin yang. They embody
opposites: good and bad, water and fire, moon and
sun, death and life. We can see this in many festivals
such as the Aduan Sapi in Indonesia where the strong
are celebrated more than the weak, and the Maha
Dok Festival in Myanmar where deeds of merit are
emphasized more than the bad deeds.
The yin and yang is shaped like a flower. The balance
that the yin and yang portrays can blossom to a
greater knowledge and appreciation of various
cultures in the region.
40
CONTRIBUTORS
Stefania Valentina
Felicia
Andre Prasetyo Arifin
Sherine Amanda Feryanto
Hyacynthia Kesuma
Laudya Jenita
Christopher Dennis Budiaman
Ryan Soenardi
Andrew Harman
Tifano Sebastian Pandu Pratama
Bram Musuko Panjaitan
Nico Alexander
Nicole Fay
Viola Fladia
Brigitta Gloria
Ignacia Antoinette Kasim
Nathanael Bryant Be
Philipus Valentino
Eugenia Angesti Meganingtyas
Eunike Eileen Emeralda
Anila Dimarsa
Amanda Hertantu
Priscillia Tandavo
Antonius Andrew Hadinata
Jonathan Jordy
Jessen Adrianus Reynaldi
Erys Susanty
Christophorus Ivan Darmasaputra
Ferdinand Kenji Dwitama
Alexander Yusuf Yogie
Anastasia Juwono Surja
Felicitas Jessica Wong
Nadia Wandaputri
Abraham Talent Bawadi Sibarani
Glenn Bonaventura Wijaya
Alando Wijaya Tjoa
Hansen Ritchie
Henry Febrian, Robby
Ryan Pratama Muljono
Ibrahim Keith Harold Ford
Ni Putu Andrea Paramananda
DESIGNED BY
Alexandra Olivia