BTLEW BTLEW Lesson 14 - After Twenty Years Part Four ENTER

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Lesson 14 - After Twenty Years

Part FourPart Four

ENTER

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III. Word Building

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. beat

2. cast

3. avenue

4. barely

5. gust

6. empty

7. club

15. figure

16. exclaim

17. moderately

18. outline

19. brilliant

20. release

21. steady

22. air

8. slight

9. down

10. lean

11. straight

12. strike

13. keen

14. oddly

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. beat

n. the area regularly covered by a reporter, a police officer, or a sentry

Examples: a policeman out on the/his beat

外出辖区执行巡逻任务的警察 television's culture beat

电视的文化专题采访

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study


2. castv. a. to throw with force; hurl

b. to turn or direct

c. to throw off; remove; get rid of

As soon as they reached the fishing area,

the fishermen cast their nets into the sea.

All eyes were cast upon the speaker.

As soon as he became rich he cast aside

all his old friends who gave him some help.

Examples:

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study3. avenue

n. a. wide road or path, often lined with trees, esp. one that leads to a large house b. wide street lined with trees or tall buildings

In New York city, the streets running from the west to the east are called streets, such as 31st street, and those running from the north to the south are often called avenues, such as the Fifth Avenue.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study 4. barely

ad. a. almost not; only just; scarcely; hardly b. in a bare way; sparsely

Examples:We barely had time to catch the train. He can barely read or write. I can barely make both ends meet. How can I buy a car?The room was furnished barely. (=with very little furniture)

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n. sudden violent rush of air, or of rain, smoke, etc.; an outburst of emotion

Examples: The gust of wind blew the door shut. fitful gusts of wind 阵阵的狂风 a gust of anger 勃然大怒

5. gust

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study6. empty

v. to transfer or pour off completely; to remove the contents of; to become empty

Examples:

empty one’s glass into the sink

The traveler emptied out all his pockets onto

the table, but still couldn't find his passport.

This dreadful film soon emptied the cinema of

people.

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n. a. heavy stick with one end thicker than the other, suitable for the use as a weapon b. an implement used in some games to drive a ball

7. club

v. a. to strike or beat with a club

b. to join or combine for a common purpose

Examples:

Father plays golf with a golf club.

The boys clubbed together to buy their

teacher a present.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. slight

a. not serious or important; small

Examples:The differences between the two pictures

are very slight.

do something without the slightest

difficulty, or with no difficulty at all

She takes offence at the slightest things.

(= She is very easily offended.)

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study9. down

ad. towards the direction in which one is facing; toward or in the south; southward; away from a place considered a center of activity, such as a city or townExamples:

He lives just down the street. Go down the road till you reach the traffic lights.fly down to FloridaHe was sent down to work at the firm's regional office.

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10. lean

v. (against/on something) to rest on something in a sloping position for support

Examples:a ladder leaning against the wall

The old man leant upon his stick.

lean on somebody’s arm, one’ s elbows,

etc.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study11. straight

a. a. accurate and without additions; not modified or elaborate b. (of a person, his behavior, etc.) honest; truthful

Examples:tell a straight story 实事求是地讲一件事

give a straight answer to a straight question 直率地回答直率的问题

I do not think you are being straight with me. 我认为你对我不够坦诚 . It is time for some straight talking. (= some frank discussion)

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study12. strike

v. to hit sharply or forcefully; to collide or crash into; to make an attack; to ignite by friction; to come suddenly to the mind of

Examples:He struck his opponent a tremendous blow on

the jaw.

Lightening struck in several places but no one

was hurt.

These damp matches won’t strike.

A thought struck him like a silver dagger.

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13. keen

a. a. (of the senses) highly developed b. (of the mind) quick to understand c. (of the points and cutting edges of knives, etc.) sharp

Examples:Dogs have a keen sense of smell. a keen wit/intelligence a keen blade/edge

Cf. sharp

To be continued on the next page.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study sharp

a. a. having a fine edge or point; capable of cutting or piercing; not blunt b. quickly aware of things; acute; alert c. quick, brisk, vigorous d. intended or intending to criticize, injure, etc.; harsh; severe

Examples:The shears aren't sharp enough to cut the grass.

It was very sharp of you to notice the detail straight away. 你真机灵，一下子就注意到这一细节。a sharp struggle 激烈的斗争She was very sharp with me when I forgot my book.

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ad. in a strange or peculiar mannerExamples:

behave oddly 行为怪异 be oddly dressed 衣着奇异She looked at him very oddly. 她怪模怪样地看着他。Oddly enough, we were just talking about the same thing. 说来也奇怪，我们刚谈的正是这件事。

14. oddly

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15. figure

v. to think; to consider or regard; to calculate; to conclude, believe, or predict

Examples: I figured that you would not come. I figured them as con artists. I never figured that this would happen. Sam couldn’t figure out how to print a

program until the teacher showed him how.

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16. exclaim

v. to cry out suddenly and loudly from pain, anger, surprise, etc.

Examples:“What,” he exclaimed, “Are you leaving without me?” He could not help exclaiming at how much his son had grown. He exclaimed that it was untrue.

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17. moderately

ad. to a moderate extent; not very; quite; not too well, not too badly eitherExamples:

a moderately good performance

a moderately expensive house

She only did moderately well in the exam.

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18. outline

v. to give a short general description of (something); to summarize n. a statement, summary of a written work or speech; a preliminary draft or plan

Examples: an outline of American literature We outlined our main objections to the

proposal.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study19. brilliant

a. a. very bright; sparkling b. very intelligent; highly skilled or talented c. causing admiration; outstanding; exceptional

Examples:brilliant sunshinea brilliant diamond a brilliant scientist She has a brilliant mind. a brilliant achievement The play was a brilliant success.

Translation

灿烂的阳光耀眼的钻石卓越的科学家她非常聪明。非凡的成就这出戏是一大成功。

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study20. release v.Examples:

He was released from the prison. （ let free ）

The news was released in yesterday’s New York Times. (made known)

She needed to do something to release her tension. (get rid of)

We could release you from your duties for two days. Meanwhile, you take a good rest. (allow you not to do your work)

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study21. steady

a. firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking, rocking or likely to fall over Examples:

He’s not very steady on his legs after his

illness.

Such fine work requires a steady hand and

a steady eye.

She was trembling with excitement, but

her voice was steady.

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22. air n. impression given; appearance or manner

The end of Word Study.

Examples: smile with a triumphant air do things with an confident air (confidently) The place has an air of mystery.

(The place looks mysterious.)

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List:

1. (every) now and then/again

2. up (to sb./sth.)

3. make certain

4. tear down

5. on one’s way

6. bring up

7. for a time

8. keep track of

9. turn up

10. arm in arm

11. gaze upon

12. under arrest

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions

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at irregular intervals; occasionally

Examples:

I like to go to the opera now and then.

Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.

1. (every) now and then/again


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2. up (to sb./sth.)so as to be close to (a specified person

or thing)Examples:

He came up to me and asked the time.

She went straight up to the door and knocked loudly.

A car drove up and he got in.

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3. make certain

a. make certain (that…): to inquire in order to be sure about sth. b. make certain of sth./of doing sth.: to do sth. in order to be sure of (doing) sth. elseExamples:

I think there’s a train at 8:20 but you ought to make certain.

You’d better leave now if you want to make certain of getting there on time.

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to bring sth. to the ground by pulling sharply; demolish sth.; take apart; disassemble

Examples: They’re tearing down these old houses to

build a new office block. tear down an engine

4. tear down


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She is __________ out the door. I ran into them __________.Winter is __________.I like the new styles, ________.

We can’t see the sea well because there are some buildings _______________.

5. on one’s way


on her way

on the way

on the way

in a way

in the (our) way

Translation

1. 她往户外走。2. 我在路上碰到他们了。3. 冬天就要来到了。4. 某种程度上我喜欢

这些新款式。5. 我们不大看得到海洋的景色，因为有些楼房挡住了。

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to raise, rear, or educate sb.

Examples:She brought up five children. Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. He was brought up to respect authority.

6. bring up


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for a fairly short time; for a short periodExample:

For a time he was one of my best friends.

7. for a time


1. I slept for ten hours at a time last night.

2. At one time they used to mine coal in these valleys.

3. Can you share a room for the time being? We’ll let you have one on your own next week.

4. She will back in time to prepare dinner.

Cf. Translate these sentences:

Translation

1. 连续地

2. 从前

3. 暂时

4. 来得及

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to pay attention to sb. or sth. so that you know where they are or what is happening to themCf. lose track of: fail to do sth.

Examples: Have you kept track of the stock market? I have lost track of its latest development.

8. keep track of


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to find or to be found; to happen unexpectedly; to arrive or to appear; to fold or be capable of folding upExamples:

Something turned up and I was unable to go.The papers will turn up sooner or later.The police were ordered to arrest him as soon as he turned up.A tall man, with collar turned up to his ears, hurried to him.

9. turn up


More phrases


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1. The hall was full and hundreds of fans had to be ________.

2. We politely ______ the invitation.

3. She ______ the problem in her mind.

4. The movie ______ to be a great success.

5. It really ___ me ___ to see you biting your fingernails.

6. This is a poor piece of work you’ve ______.

7. I can’t tell my parents about it; I don’t know who to ______.

KEY

1. turned away

2. turned down

3. turned over

4. turned out

5. turned… off

6. turned in

7. turn to

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adverbial use of these noun phrases, otherexpressions of the same pattern are shoulder toshoulder, face to face, hand in hand and so on.Examples:

They fought shoulder to shoulder against their common enemy. Let us sit down and discuss the matter face to face. He had to move inch by inch toward the top of the mountain. We don’t see eye to eye on this problem. We must lower our taxes step by step.

10. arm in arm


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to look at sb./sth. steadily, intently, and with a fixed attention

Examples:She was the most beautiful woman he had ever gazed upon.

She sat gazing at the fire/gazing out of the window.

11. gaze upon/at/into


Synonyms


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Stare is to gaze fixedly, indicating curiosity, boldness, insolence, or stupidity.

He stared at me, trying to remember who I was.

Gape suggests a prolonged open-mouthed look reflecting amazement, awe, or lack of intelligence.

They gaped at me when I told them about the

gold I had found.

Glare is to fix another with a hard, piercing stare.

She glared furiously at me when I contradicted

him.



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under here means being in the state or the process of sth.

Examples:under control under heavy influence under attack under repair under construction

12. under arrest


The end of Phrases and Expressions.

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

List:

1. Prefix – tele

2. Suffix – ian

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PrefixPrefix——tele-tele-

telescope

telecommunication

teleconference

telephone

teleplay

television

telegraph

望远镜

电讯

电话会议

电话

电视广播剧

电视

电报

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Exercises:

A _________ is a person whose job is to play

a musical instrument.

A _________ is a skilled scientific or industrial

worker.

A ________ is a person who works in politics.

Suffix— -ianMore exercises


musician

technician

politician


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Exercises:

A ______ is someone in stories who can use

magic.

A _______is someone whose job is to tell

jokes and make people laugh.

A _________ is a formal word for ‘doctor’ in

American English.



magician

comedian

physician


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Exercises: A ___________ is a person who studies,

understands or uses mathematics in his work. A librarian is a person who

_________________________________. A historian is a person who

________________________________.



mathematician

is in charge of or helps to run a library

studies history and/or writes about it


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Exercises:

An electrician is a person whose job is

_________________________________.

A vegetarian is a person who

_________________________________.

A beautician is a person whose

job_______________________________

________.

Suffix— -ian


to deal with the repair of electrical equipment

does not eat meat or fish

is to give beauty treatments to people’s skin,

hair, etc.

The end of Word Building.

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarThe past participleThe past participle Pay attention to

the function of past participles. 1. 她的工作就是照料这个伤员。

（作前置定语）

2. 他生长在乡下，对这座大城市感到迷惑。（作原因状语）

3. 她虽然爬得很累，但她仍继续前进。（作让步状语）

4. 火情据报已被控制。

（作主语补足语）

5. 那人掏出一块漂亮的怀表，表盖上镶满了钻石。（独立结构）

1. Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier.

2. Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city.

3. Although exhausted by the climb, she continued her journey.

4. The fire is reported controlled.

5. That man pulled out a handsome watch, the lid of it set with small diamonds.


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Analyze the functions of the past participles in these sentences.


IV.IV. GrammarGrammarThe past participleThe past participle

1. His tiepin was a large diamond, oddly set. (para. 6)2. The few foot passengers in that quarter hurried dismally and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands. (para. 18)3. The man from the west unfolded the little piece of paper handed to him. (para. 32)4. I was at the appointed place on time. (para. 33)5. … I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago. (para. 33)

The end of Grammar.

（独立结构，作状语）

（独立结构）（作宾语不足语和前置定语）

（作前置定语）

（作后置定语）

（作后置定语）

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BTLEW BTLEW Lesson 14 - After Twenty Years Part Four ENTER