Bronchopneumonia Lesson Plan

7/30/2019 Bronchopneumonia Lesson Plan

1/16

S.no Time Objectives Content Teachers

/ students

activity

A.v.aid

s

Evaluation

1 2min

To give an

IntroductionaboutBronchopneumonia

INTRODUCTION

Bronchopneumonia is anillnessof lung

which is caused by different organism like

bacteria, viruses, and fungi and characterized

by acute inflammation of the walls of the

bronchioles. It is also known as pneumonia. It

is common in women and causes to the 6%

deaths. Streptococcus pneumoniae

(pneumococcus) and Mycoplasma

pneumoniae both are the common bacterium

which causes bronchopneumonia in the adults

and children.

Acute inflammation of the walls of the

smaller bronchial tubes, with varying amounts

of pulmonary consolidation due to spread of

the inflammation into peribronchiolar alveoli

Lectureanddiscussion method

Blackboard

What do youknow aboutBronchopneumonia ?
http://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htm


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2 2min To know aboutthe etiology ofBronchopneumo

nia ?

and the alveolar ducts; may become confluent

or may be hemorrhagic.

ETIOLOGY

Bronchopneumonia is common inhospitalized patients.

Bronchopneumonia may occur as acomplication of some disease.

e.g. In children- Diphtheria, Measles,

Whooping Cough

In adults- Influenza, Typhoid andParatyphoid fever.

It is often seen in two extremes of life (ininfants and old age)

Most bronchopneumonia cases are causedby organisms aspirated from the mouth.

Lecturemethod

Flashcards

What areetiology of

Bronchopneumonia ?


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3

4

2min

2min

causes ofBronchopneumo

nia ?

To know aboutthe risk factors of

Bronchopneumonia?

CAUSES

Bacteria Virus

Bacterial pneumonias tend to be the

most serious and, in adults, the most common

cause of pneumonia. The most common

pneumonia-causing bacterium in adults is

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).

RISK FACTOR

Elderly Hospitalization Immobilization Immune Deficiency Long Term Illness Smoking

Lecturemethod

Lecturemethod

Flipchart

Handouts

Explain thecauses ofBronchopne

umonia ?

What are therisk factors

ofBronchopneumonia ?
http://www.healthline.com/sw/wl-too-old-to-exercise-not-truehttp://www.healthline.com/sw/wl-too-old-to-exercise-not-true


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5 3min To know aboutthe signs and

symptoms of

Bronchopneumonia ?

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Fever: Any body temperature that goesabove 37C or 98.6F is considered fever

already. In bronchopneumonia, fever may

be a symptom for having the disease

especially if it is accompanied by other

symptoms such as colds, coughing, and

difficulty in breathing.

Cough: Coughing is a natural reaction ofthe body to the presence of certain

elements that may irritate the throat.

Moreover, coughing is very important to

keep the throat and airway clean and clear,

thus making breathing easy.

However, if coughing becomes persistentand especially if it is accompanied by

mucus, then it is a sign of something more

Lecturemethod Flash

chard

What is the

signs and

symptoms ofBronchopneumonia ?


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serious than ordinary coughing. A person

with bronchopneumonia experiences

frequent and excessive coughing,

sometimes accompanied by mucus.

Chest pain: Any form of chest pain shouldbe a cause for concern for those affected by

bronchopneumonia. Chest pain is frequent

and associated with excessive coughing

and difficulty in breathing.

A person with bronchopneumonia easily

becomes fatigued and experiences

difficulty in breathing especially after

doing some strenuous exercise or after

playing.

A person with bronchopneumonia not onlyexperiences difficulty in breathing but also

feels that there is also the sensation of not

getting enough air. As a result, the person


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6 2min To know about

the treatment forBronchopneumonia ?

gasps for air frequently.

TREATMENT

Hospitalization Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy Oxygen Therapy Rest

If the cause is bacterial, the goal is to

cure the infection withantibiotics. If the cause

is viral, antibiotics will NOT be effective. In

some cases it is difficult to distinguish

between viral and bacterial pneumonia, so

antibiotics may be prescribed. Pneumococcal

vaccinationsare recommended for individuals

in high-risk groups and provide up to 80

percent effectiveness in staving off

pneumococcal pneumonia. Influenza

Lecture

method

Hand

outs

What are the

treatment for

Bronchopneumonia ?
http://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htm


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7 6min

To know thecomlications ofBronchopneumo

nia ?

vaccinationsare also frequently of use in

decreasing ones susceptibility to pneumonia,

since the flu precedes pneumonia

development in many cases.

COMPLICATIONS

Empyema

is a condition in which pus and fluid

from infected tissue collects in a body cavity.

the name comes from the Greek word

empyein meaning pus-producing (suppurate).

Pleurisy

is an inflammation of the membrane

that surrounds and protects the lungs (the

pleura). Inflammation occurs when an

infection or damaging agent irritates the

pleural surface.

Lecture

method

Flip

chart

What are the

complicationofBronchopne

umonia ?
http://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htm


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8 3min To know about

the diagnostictest forBronchopneumo

nia

Lung abscess

is an acute or chronic infection of the

lung, marked by a localized collection of pus,

inflammation, and destruction of tissue. Lung

abscess is the end result of a number of

different disease processes ranging from

fungal and bacterial infections to cancer.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

1. ABG

is a test done to measure how much

oxygen and carbon dioxide is in your blood. It

also looks at the acidity (pH) of the blood.

Usually, blood gases look at blood from an

artery. In rarer cases, blood from a vein may

be used.

Lecture

method

Black

board

What are the

diagnostictest forBronchopne

umonia?


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2. CBC

Complete blood count (CBC) test measures

the following:

The number of red blood cells (RBCs)

The number of white blood cells (WBCs) The total amount of hemoglobin in the

blood

The fraction of the blood composed of redblood cells (hematocrit)

The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) --the size of the red blood cells

CBC also includes information about thered blood cells that is calculated from the

other measurements:

MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)


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MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin

concentration)

The platelet count is also usually included in

the CBC

3. Chest X ray

chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest,

lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and

diaphragm.

4. Pleural fluid culture

is a test that looks at a sample of fluid

from the space around the lungs to find and

identify disease-causing organisms.

5. History and Physical Examination

6. CT of Chest

7. Pleural fluid gram stain

8. Sputum gram stain


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9

10

2min

2min

To know aboutthe preventions

ofbronchopneumonia

To know aboutthe medical

management forbronchopneumonia

9. Sputum Smear Examination

PREVENTION

Pneumococcal Vaccine

The pneumococcal polysaccharide

vaccine helps protect against severe infections

due to the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae.

This bacteria frequently causes meningitis and

pneumonia in older adults and those with

chronic illnesses. The vaccine has not been

shown to prevent uncomplicated pneumonia.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Antibiotics are prescribed by the doctorshould be taken regularly as advised.

Supportive treatment includes hydration,

Lecture

method

Lecturemethod

flipchart

Flash

cards

What are the

preventionsfor

bronchopneu

monia ?

What are themedical

managementfor

bronchopneumonia ?


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11 2minTo know aboutthe nursing

management forbronchopneumonia

antipyretics, antihistamines, or nasal

decongestants.

Bed rest is recommended until infectionshows signs of clearing.

Oxygen therapy is given for hypoxemia Respiratory support includes endotracheal

intubation, high respiratory oxygen

concentrations, and mechanical ventilation.

For groups at high risk for community-acquired pneumonia, pneumococcal

vaccination is advised.

Increased fluid intake to thin viscous andtenacious secretions

NURSING MANAGEMENT

Assess for fever, chills night sweats,pleuritic-type pain, fatigue, tachypnea, use

Lecture

menthod

flipchart What are the

nursingmanagementfor

bronchopneumonia ?


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13 2min To know aboutthe healthteaching for

of accessory muscles, bradycardia or

relative bradycardia, coughing, and

purulent sputum, and auscultate breath

sounds for consolidation

Note changes in temperature, pulse;amount , odor, and color of secretions; and

breath sounds

Frequency and severity of cough Encourage bronchial hygiene, such as

increased fluid intake and directed

coughing to remove secretions.

Put patient into moderate high back rest forlung expansion and clearing, and to cough

effectively and prevent retention of

mucopurulent sputum.

HEALTH TEACHINGS

Lecturementhod

Flashcard

What ishealthteachings for

bronchopneumonia ?


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bronchopneumonia?

Instruct the SO to have patient a oxygentherapy for continuous normal breathing,

and or breathing exercise.

Instruct the SO to keep the patient away inopen place such as in road and dusty

place, to prevent inhalation of airborne

microorganisms.

Instruct the SO to maintain the patientproper diet that she can tolerate, such as

fruits, to promote wellness.

Advice the SO to monitor patients fluidintake or adequate hydration, to help her

body re-hydrate to prevent fluid

imbalance.

Instruct SO to assist patient in performingself-hygiene activities to help her maintain

her activities of daily living.


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Manisha College of nursingLesson plan on

Bronchopneumonia

Submitted to Submitted by

Mrs. C.R. Shamsheer begum madam Mrs Nimisha Rajan

M.Sc(N) Principal M.Sc.(N), 2nd

year

Dept. of child health nursing Dept. of child health nursing

Manisha college of nursing Manisha college of nursing

General Objective


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On completion of the class the students will be able to understand the disease condition Bronchopneumonia so as to

apply this knowledge in their future practice with a positive attitude.

Specific objective:

On completion of the class the students will be able to;

1. Define the condition2. Enlist the incidence3. Discuss the related Anatomy4. Identify the etiology5. Enumerate the classification6. Discuss the pathophysiology7. Identify the clinical features8. Enlist the diagnostic measures9. Discuss the goals of medical management10. Discss the medical management11. Enlist the complications of shunt12. Discuss the nursing management

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Bronchopneumonia Lesson Plan