BOTANY Standard 3: Greenhouse and Horticulture Practices

Ms. Darlak

WARM-UP 04/25

If you were going to start a garden. What 3 characteristics would you want your garden to have?

AGENDA 04/25

Green house Introduction to Permaculture Field Trip May 11th : Hoyt Arboretum

PERMACULTURE:

What is it? Permanent Agriculture, Permanent Culture

Permaculture is a design for a sustainable way of life.

It embraces the ethics of Care for the Earth and Care for people, as well as Limits aware and Surplus share.

PERMACULTURE IS ALL ABOUT…

Recycling Renewable energy Water harvesting Waste treatment and reuse Growing healthy food Appropriate technology Energy efficiency and lots more!

HOW PERMACULTURE DESIGN DIFFERSFROM OTHER AGRICULTURAL METHODS Self-sustaining systems High productivity Intensive land use Diversity Evolving Consideration and integration of environment and

organisms Perennial food crops Design

THE PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROCESS

1. Observe and analyse observe, collect and collate data. Sort, group and analyse

trends, make predictions and determine priorities.

2. Consider needs and functions elements in the system, requirements of plants and

animals, waste as a resource. Human needs. Determine functions and uses of elements required for holistic system.

3. Use patterns and make connections edge, stacking, guilds, ecological interactions, land use

patterns, develop strategies. Types and shapes of garden beds for maximum production. Zones.

DESIGN PROCESS CON’T4. Manage energy and use local materials and resources

sector planning, harvest and store energy and water, renewable materials and energy, embodied energy of materials. Local resources.

5. Increase biodiversity and productivity food production, non-food production, increase biomass,

nurture soil, cultivated ecosystems. Integrated pest management. Harvest and storage of food and materials.

6. Design for catastrophe natural flooding, pest and plague, climate change, severe

weather, nutrient depletion, energy decline.

WARM-UP 04/26

What are the 3 most important things plants need to grow?

What are the 3 most important things seeds need to grow?

Water Temperature Light

AGENDA 04/26

Standard 3 Seed Germination Lab Procedure Write-up

STANDARD 3

No Test Grade

Lab Write-up Greenhouse Transplanting/Participation Landscape Design Principles and

Elements Standard

Landscape Design Project

SEED GERMINATION

Radish Seed Germination Mixed Seed Germination

SEEDS AND SEED GERMINATION

GERMINATION EXPERIMENT

May work with a Partner Read the information on germantion

p. 2-3 Create a hypothesis and create an

experiment to test your hypothesis Write up your procedure

SEED STRUCTURE

Cotyledon

Plumule

Radicle

Micropyle

Seed coat or testa

DORMANCY

Metabolism falls Number of organelles per cell falls Dehydration – water content falls Vacuoles in cells deflate Food reserves become dense

crystalline bodies

MAINTAINING DORMANCY

Physical barriers The seed coat (testa) is waxy = waterproof and impermeable to oxygen

Physical state – dehydrated Chemical inhibitors present e.g. salts,

mustard oils, organic acids, alkaloids Growth promoters absent

SEED VIABILITY Viability: When a seed is capable of

germinating after all the necessary environmental conditions are met.

Average life span of a seed 10 to 15 years. Some are very short-lived e.g. willow (< 1 week) Some are very long-lived e.g. mimosa 221 years Conditions are very important for longevity Cold, dry, anaerobic (no oxygen)

conditions These are the conditions which are maintained

in seed banks

GERMINATIONSTAGE EVENTS

PREGERMINATION (a) Rehydration – imbibition of water.(b) RNA & protein synthesis stimulated.(c) Increased metabolism – increased respiration.(d) Hydrolysis (digestion) of food reserves by

enzymes.(e) Changes in cell ultrastructure.(f) Induction of cell division & cell growth.

GERMINATION (a) Rupture of seed coat.(b) Emergence of seedling, usually radicle first.

POST GERMINATION (a) Controlled growth of root and shoot axis.(b) Controlled transport of materials from food

stores to growing axis.(c) Senescence (aging) of food storage tissues.

THE CONTROL OF FOOD RESERVE HYDROLYSIS

Control by growth promotors such as gibberellin and growth inhibitors such as abscisic acid

The growth substances are affected by environmental factors (e.g. light, temperature, humidity)

WARM-UP 04/27

What are 5 factors that affect seed germination? Viability Time Dormancy Moisture Temperature Chemical Inhibitors

AGENDA 04/27

How do we break dormancy? Procedure Check Germination Lab set up Create a DATA TABLE

GERMINATION: THE BREAKING OF DORMANCY The growth of the embryo and its penetration of the seed coat

Break down of barriersAbrasion of seed coat (soil particles)Decomposition of seed coat (soil microbes, gut enzymes)Cracking of seed coat (fire) Change in physical Change in physical

statestate - rehydration - rehydration

Destruction and dilution of inhibitors

Light, temperature, water Production of growth promoters

WARM-UP 04/28

What are the parts of a lab write-up?

AGENDA 04/28

Lab Data Sheet to record your results

Greenhouse Lab Write up Components Read pps. 354 – 365 IN CLASS HW: Proposal for your Design Location and Type

LAB DATA SHEET

Record for 12 days Record control and treatment What are you recording?

LAB WRITE UP COMPONENTS P. 4-5 Title Authors Abstract (5 pts) Introduction (10 pts) Materials and Methods (10 pts) Results (20 pts)

Data table Graph

Discussion (20 pt)

READ PPS. 354- 365 IN TEXT

Principles of Landscaping, Maintenance, and Xeriscaping

HOMEWORK

Proposal for your Design Location and Type

What is the location of your landscape?

What is the focus of your design? What are the goals of your space?

WARM-UP 04/29

Take out your homework and share your ideas with your neighbor.

Proposal for your Design What is the location of your landscape? What is the focus of your design? What are the goals of your space?

AGENDA 04/29

Hand-in Homework Greenhouse Work Day!

Term Project Lab Procedure write-up (typed) Article Review #2 Due Tuesday!Article Review #2 Due Tuesday!