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K Jnnb Zapnzv 

Lkcfifa

]zivvac jy5 Wnhkviza

\qj`ivvaf jy5

Fki`haz Zkqhg F# Lzqu

Mzkfa 1

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VIVHA5 Lkcfifa

KQVDNZ5 Wnhvkiza

LDKZKLVAZ\5 

Lkcfifa5  Vda ynqcm dazn ng Wnhvkiza-| vkha( Lkcfifa-| ck`a |qmma|v| di| ckiwa kcf |i`pha paz|nckhivy# Di|

atpqh|inc gzn` vda lk|vha ng vda Jkznc Vdqcfazvacvznclbd |av| ic `nvinc k |akzld gnz di| fkzhicm Lqcamncfa#

Fqzicm di| enqzcay( Lkcfifa |qzwiwa| k |azia| ng fi|k|vaz| kcf `i|gnzvqca|( awazy |vap ng vda }ky qcfaz`icicm

vda lzafijihivy ng Fz# _kcmhn||-| pdihn|npdy ng npvi`i|`#

Lqcmncfa5  Vda ynqcm( jakqvigqh fkqmdvaz ng vda Jkznc Vdqcfazvacvznclbd( kcf |}aavdakzv ng Lkcfifa( daz

pziwihamaf higa acf| kjzqpvhy }dac Jqhmkzikc |nhfiaz| zkpa kcf fi|a`jn}ah daz kcf bihh daz pkzacv|# \da i|

`i|vza|| vn k cq`jaz ng jzqvkh `ac( kcf |hkwa vn k Vzkc|yhwkcikc pzicla# Vdnqmd daz jakqvy kcf ldkz` }ivdaz

k}ky( Lkcfifa gqhgihh| di| pzn`i|a vn `kzzy daz# \da jaln`a| k pk|vzy ldag nc Lkcfifa-| gkz`# Vda ck`a

Lqcamncfa dk| di|vnzilkh |imcigilkcla# K }n`kc lkcnciuaf ic ;?;: gnz fa`nc|vzkvicm daz ldk|vivy ic k vzikh jy

giza }k| ck`af Lqcamncfa# Lkcfifa-| Lqcamncfa i| cnv |n ldk|va( dn}awaz#

_kcmhn||5  _dihn|npdaz kcf vqvnz ng Lkcfifa kcf vda Jkznc Vdqcfazvacvznclbd-| ldihfzac( da vaklda|

`avkpdy|ilnvdanhnmnln|`nhncimnhnmy( k jzkcf ng `avkpdy|il| pzn`nvicm vda pdihn|npdy ng npvi`i|`#

_kcmhn|| |vkva| vdkv vda }nzhf i| vda ja|v ng khh pn||ijha }nzhf| ic }dild khh i| }ahh kcf khh i| gnz vda ja|v# Vdnqmd

wacazakh fi|ak|a kh`n|v bihh| di`( vdnqmd vda \pkci|d Ic{qi|ivinc dkcm| di` $qc|qlla||gqhhy)( kcf vdnqmd da

}ivca||a| vda `i|gnzvqca| ng di| gahhn} `ac( _kcmhn|| zagq|a| vn zalkcv di| npvi`i|`# Di| hnmil i| ghk}af( ig cnv

khvnmavdaz kj|qzf# _kcmhn|| enic| Lkcfifa kcf Lkcfifa-| gziacf| vn |avvha nc k gkz` ic Vqzbay#

Vda Nhf ]n`kc5  Fkqmdvaz ng vda _zicla|| ng _kha|vzick kcf _npa Qzjkc T( |da }k| ncla k |nqmdvkgvaz kcf

pziwihamaf jakqvy jqv( hiba Lqcamncfa( gkva gnzlaf daz vn qcfazmn k |azia| ng dkz|d vzikh|( iclhqficm ac|hkwa`acv

kcf vda hn|| ng nca jqvvnlb vn lkccijkhi|vil |nhfiaz|#

Lklk`jn5  Lkcfifa-| hnykh wkhav( Lklk`jn |kwa| Lkcfifa gzn` jaicm |ba}azaf jy ckviwa| ic _kzkmqky( kcf

awacvqkhhy dahp| zaqciva Lkcfifa }ivd Lqcamncfa kcf vda nhf }n`kc# Lklk`jn i| k bicf ng ln|`npnhivkc Eklb

ngkhhvzkfa|# Da }k| jnzc ic _azq( |pakb| |awazkh hkcmqkma|( kcf dk| }nzbaf ic k cq`jaz ng figgazacv lkpklivia|(

iclhqficm ldnizjny( hklbay( kcf |hkwa vn k fapn|af bicm# Di| atpaziacla kcf pzkm`kvi|` i| ng mzakv dahp vn

Lkcfifa# Da jaln`a| vda dnq|adnhf mkzfacaz nc Lkcfifa-| gkz`#

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Vda Jkznc-| |nc5 K| Lqcamncfa-| jznvdaz( vda Jkznc-| |nc vkba| kgvaz di| gkvdaz( pzificm di`|ahg nc di| cnjha

hicakma# Da gnzjif| Lqcamncfa vn `kzzy kcynca ng hn}az |vkvq|( iclhqficm Lkcfifa# Kgvaz vda Jqhmkzikc| bihh di|

pkzacv| kcf fa|vzny vda lk|vha ng Vdqcfazvacvznclbd( vda Jkznc-| |nc jaln`a| k Ea|qiv#

@kzvic5  Jagziacfaf jy Lkcfifa ic \qzick`( @kzvic gnhhn}| Lkcfifa vn Gzkcla( Acmhkcf( Wacila kcf Vqzbay#

@kzvic |aa| vdznqmd vda fa|imc| ng vda _kzi|ikc lnc kzvi|v| }dn |}icfha Lkcfifa# Di| pzklvilkh lycili|` lncvzk|v|

|dkzphy }ivd Lkcfifa-| ckiwava# Qchiba Fz# _kcmhn||( @kzvic i| fawnqvhy pa||i`i|vil# Vda `i|azy kcf qcgnzvqckva

awacv| acfqzaf jy ldkzklvaz| ic Lkcfifa lncgiz` @kzvic-| pa||i`i|`# @kzvic i| kh|n k |ahgfalhkzaf @kcildkakc

nca }dn jahiawa| vdkv vda qciwaz|a i| ln`pn|af ng nppn|icm zakh`| ng mnnf kcf awih2 vda dq`kc |piziv( }dild i|

mnnf( |vzqmmha| vn vzkc|lacf vda jnfy }dild ati|v| ic vda awih zakh`#

Di| Hnzf|dip vda Jkznc Vdqcfazvacvznclbd5  Kllnzficm vn _kcmhn||( vda Jkznc Vdqcfazvacvznclbd i| vda

mzakva|v jkznc ic vda pznwicla ng ]a|vpdkhik# Da atpah| Lkcfifa gzn` di| lk|vha }dac da |aa| Lkcfifa bi||icm

Lqcamncfa#

_k{qavva5 K }kivicm `kif ng Daz Hkfy|dip vda Jkznca||( _k{qavva lncvzklv| k wacazakh fi|ak|a gzn` k gzikz kcf

miwa| iv vn _kcmhn||# \da jaln`a| k `i|azkjha pzn|vivqva#

Bicm ng vda Jqhmkzikc|5 Da `ky ja k lkzilkvqza ng Gzafazil vda Mzakv( Bicm ng _zq||ik( gk`nq| gnz di| |qlla||gqh

`ihivkzy lk`pkimc| kcf di| |vzilvhy zami`acvaf kz`y# Fqa vn di| pkvznckma ng vda kzv| kcf di| icvaza|v ic

hivazkvqza( da }k| bcn}c k| kc achimdvacaf zqhaz# Wnhvkiza |pacv kjnqv vdzaa yakz| kv di| lnqzv ic _nv|fk`( jqv

vday |awazaf via| kgvaz k fi|pqva#

Ekl{qa| vda Kckjkpvi|v5  Vda Kckjkpvi|v| }aza k _znva|vkcv |alv# Vday jahiawaf ldihfzac lkc-v bcn} vda

figgazacla jav}aac mnnf kcf awih# Vday kfwnlkvaf kfqhv jkpvi|` ic|vakf# Ekl{qa| vkba| lkza ng Lkcfifa kcf

_kcmhn||( kcf da |kih| }ivd vda` vn Hi|jnc# Da fzn}c| ic vda |dip}zalb#

Vda \kihnz5  Zqfa kcf izzawazacv( da |qzwiwa| vda |dip}zalb ngg vda lnk|v ng _nzvqmkh# Vdnqmd Ekl{qa| vda

Kckjkpvi|v |kwa| di` gzn` fzn}cicm( vda |kihnz fna| cnv zavqzc vda gkwnz#

@y Hnzf vda Ic{qi|ivnz5 Vda vnp nggilikh ng vda \pkci|d Ic{qi|ivinc ic Hi|jnc( da lncfqlv| kqvn|fkga kcf |dkza|

di| kggalvinc gnz Lqcamncfa }ivd daz n}caz( Fnc I||kldkz# Lkcfifa bihh| di`#

Fnc I||kldkz5 K Ea} }dn baap| Lqcamncfa k| di| `i|vza||# Lkcfifa bihh| di`#

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Mnwazcnz ng Jqacn| Kiza|5 Di| ck`a kcf di| lnqcvackcla kza k lkzilkvqza ng \pkci|d pzifa kcf cnjihivy#

Camzn |hkwa5  @i||icm k dkcf kcf k ham( di| }zavldaf |vnzy ic|piza| Lkcfifa vn falhkza vdkv da `ky dkwa vn

zacnqcla npvi`i|`#

@nc|iaqz Wkcfazfacfqz5 N}caz ng vda Camzn \hkwa( @nc|iaqz Wkcfazfacfqz lqv ngg vda |hkwa-| ham }dac da

vziaf vn zqc k}ky# Da |}icfha| Lkcfifa( |vakh| di| zaf |daap( jqv `aav| k |qivkjha acf }dac di| |dip i| kvvklbaf

jy pizkva|#

Kjja gzn` _kzimnzf5 Vdi| |hy kjjnv i| kcyvdicm jqv dnca|v kcf falacv# Da fqpa| Lkcfifa ic _kzi| kcf znj| di`

ng di| `ncay#

Gzikz Miznghza5 Da kcf _k{qavva kza hnwaz|# Da }k| gnzlaf vn jaln`a k gzikz jy di| pkzacv|# Da |pacf| di| `ncay

nc pzn|vivqva|# Da |avvha| fn}c kcf }nzb| k| k lkzpacvaz nc Lkcfifa-| gkz`#

Hnzf _nlnlqzkcva5  K Wacavikc cnjha`kc# Ic \pkci|d( di| ck`a `akc| -hivvha lkza-# Da zapza|acv| jnzaf |ahg

icfqhmacla kcf dafnci|`# Di| allacvzil kcf izzawazacv wia}| nc kzv( `q|il kcf hivazkvqza |qzpzi|a Lkcfifa#

\AVVICM\5

Vda Lk|vha ng Jkznc Vdqcfazvacvznclbd5  Vdi| lk|vha ic vda Maz`kc pznwicla ng ]a|vpdkhik dk| k fnnz kcf

|n`a }icfn}|( kcf vdi| i| }dy vda Jkznc i| wazy pn}azgqh# Kllnzficm vn _kcmhn||( iv i| vda ja|v ng khh lk|vha|# Gnz

Lkcfifa( iv i| k bicf ng pkzkfi|a#

Dnhhkcf5 Ghaaicm vda Jqhmkzikc kz`y( Lkcfifa }khb| vn Dnhhkcf }daza da vdicb| da }ihh ja vzakvaf }ahh jalkq|a

vda Fqvld kza Ldzi|vikc|# Gnz vda `n|v pkzv( Lkcfifa-| zak|ncicm pznwa| }zncm# Lkcfifa kh|n `aav| Ekl{qa| vda

Kckjkpvi|v kcf gicf| _kcmhn|| ic Dnhhkcf#

Hi|jnc( _nzvqmkh5  Kgvaz vdaiz |dip |icb| kcf Ekl{qa| fzn}c|( _kcmhn|| kcf Lkcfifa kzziwa ic Hi|jnc }daza kc

akzvd{qkba kcf vifkh }kwa fa|vzny `n|v ng vda pnzv livy# Vdac( gnz jhk|pda`y( _kcmhn|| i| dqcm jy vda \pkci|d

Ic{qi|ivinc ic kc kqvnfkgé# Lkcfifa i| jakvac gnz h i|vacicm vn _kcmhn||#

Vda \pkci|d  Ic{qi|ivinc5  Nggilikhhy ic|vivqvaf ic ;6=4 jy vda Zn`kc Lkvdnhil Ldqzld vn dahp vda \pkci|d

`nckzldy |aab nqv kcf pqci|d dazavil|( vda \pkci|d Ic{qi|ivinc }k| cnvnzinq| gnz jzqvkh pzklvila| |qld k|

vnzvqzicm wilvi`| ic nzfaz vn mav zahiminq| lncga||inc|#

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Ahfnzkfn5  K qvnpikc bicmfn` ic _azq i|nhkvaf gzn` vda za|v ng vda }nzhf# Vdnqmd Lkcfifa |qppn|a| vdkv

Ahfnzkfn `imdv ja vda ja|v ng khh pn||ijha }nzhf|( Lkcfifa kcf Lklk`jn falifa vn hakwa Ahfnzkfn ic nzfaz vn

gicf Lqcémncfa#

_kzi|5 Lkcfifa gkhh| ihh k| |nnc k| da zaklda| _kzi|( }daza da i| |}icfhaf jy k |azia| ng lnc kzvi|v|#

Wacila5 Lkcfifa kcf @kzvic zqc icvn _k{qavva kcf daz hnwaz Gzikz Miznghéa ic Wacila# Vdi| i| kh|n }daza Lkcfifa

i| zaqcivaf }ivd Lklk`jn#

Vqzbay5 Ic Vqzbay( Lkcfifa jqy| vda gzaafn` ng Lqcémncfa kcf vda nhf }n`kc( kcf da kh|n jqy| k |`khh gkz`

}daza da |avvha| }ivd Lqcémncfa( _kcmhn||( @kzvic( Lklk`jn( vda nhf }n`kc( _k{qavva( kcf Gzikz Miznghéa# 

\Q@@KZY 

Lkcfifa i| atpahhaf gzn` vda Jkznc-| lk|vha gnz bi||icm Lqcémncfa# Kgvaz gnzlaf achi|v`acv ic vda Jqhmkzikc kz`y(

da }ivca||a| vda kvznlivia| ng }kz# Lkcfifa ghaa| vn Dnhhkcf( `aav| Ekl{qa| vda Kckjkpvi|v( kcf gicf| vda

pdihn|npdaz( Fz# _kcmhn||( cn} k jammkz zkwkmaf jy k wacazakh fi|ak|a# _kcmhn|| zapnzv| vdkv vda Jqhmkzikc|

zkpaf kcf fi|a`jn}ahaf Lqcémncfa#

Lkcfifa( Ekl{qa|( kcf _kcmhn|| |kih vn Hi|jnc# K |vnz` fa|vzny| vda |dip( Ekl{qa| fzn}c|( kcf Lkcfifa kcf

_kcmhn|| |qzwiwa nchy vn }kvld k| kc akzvd{qkba kcf vifkh }kwa hawah Hi|jnc# _kcmhn|| ic|i|v| vdkv fa|piva vda

vnvkh zqic ng Hi|jnc( vda }nzhf i| |vihh vda ja|v ng khh pn||ijha }nzhf| $npvi`i|`)# Gnz `kbicm |qld k dazavilkh

|vkva`acv( _kcmhn|| i| dqcm }diha Lkcfifa i| jakvac fqzicm k laza`ncy ng vda \pkci|d Ic{qi|ivinc#

Kc nhf }n`kc zaqciva| Lkcfifa }ivd Lqcémncfa( }dn |qzwiwaf vda Jqhmkzikc icwk|inc( |qzwiwicm k zkpa kcf

pkzvikh fi|a`jn}ah`acv# Lqcémncfa i| cn} vda `i|vza|| ng jnvd Fnc I||kldkz kcf vda Mzkcf Ic{qi|ivnz ng 

Hi|jnc# Lkcfifa bihh| vda` jnvd#

Lkcfifa( Lqcémncfa( kcf vda nhf }n`kc ghaa vn Lkfiu# Vdaza da wnhqcvaaz| vn gimdv kmkic|v vda Ea|qiv| ic

_kzkmqky# Vday |kih vn Jqacn| Kiza|# ]dac vday kzziwa( Lkcfifa ghaa| }dac vda nhf }n`kc |pnv| k |dip gzn`

\pkic ic dnv pqz|qiv#

Lkcfifa kcf di| wkhav Lklk`jn enic vda Ea|qiv| ic|vakf# Vda Ln``kcfkcv ng vda Ea|qiv| i| klvqkhhy Lqcémncfa-|

jznvdaz( vda Jkznc-| |nc# Vda zaqcinc vqzc| |nqz }dac vda Jkznc-| |nc gnzjif| Lkcfifa vn `kzzy Lqcémncfa#

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Lkcfifa |vkj| di`# Lkcfifa kcf Lklk`jn a|lkpa nchy vn ja lkpvqzaf jy vda Nzaihhnc|( k vzija ng ckviwa|( jqv vda

fiphn`kvil Lklk`jn lncwicla| vda ckviwa| vn zahak|a vda`#

Lkcfifa kcf Lklk`jn dkppac qpnc vda qvnpikc bicmfn` ng Ahfnzkfn# Lkcfifa kcf Lklk`jn vdac hakwa $}ivd

;?: zaf |daap lnwazaf ic ea}ah|) vn gicf Lqcémncfa# Vday kzziwa ic \qzick` }daza Lkcfifa i| |}icfhaf jy k

Fqvld |kihnz kcf k eqfma# Lkcfifa |acf| Lklk`jn vn gavld Lqcémncfa ic Jqacn| Kiza| kcf vn `aav di` ic

Wacila# Lkcfifa jagziacf| @kzvic vda pa||i`i|v#

Lkcfifa kcf @kzvic |kih vn Jnzfakqt# Ic _kzi|( Lkcfifa gkhh| ihh kcf hn|a| `ncay vn wkzinq| lnc kzvi|v|# Lkcfifa

kcf @kzvic |kih vn Acmhkcf }daza vday }kvld vda pqjhil atalqvinc ng kc Acmhi|d kf`izkh }dn fif cnv bihh acnqmd

panpha#

Ic Wacila( Lkcfifa kcf @kzvic `aav Lklk`jn# Vday |kih vn Lnc|vkcvicnpha# Ac znqva( Lkcfifa( @kzvic kcf

Lklk`jn gicf Fz# _kcmhn||( }dn |qzwiwaf vda dkcmicm( kcf Lqcémncfa-| jznvdaz( vda Jkznc-| |nc# Vda mznqp

vdac zaenic| Lqcémncfa kcf vda nhf }n`kc# Vda Jkznc-| |nc gnzjif| Lkcfifa vn `kzzy di| |i|vaz kmkic# Lkcfifa

|acf| di` jklb vn vda mkhhay |dip#

Lkcfifa |avvha| fn}c nc k gkz`# Lqcémncfa( vda nhf }n`kc( @kzvic( Lklk`jn( kcf _kcmhn|| enic di`# Kgvaz

`qld pdihn|npdilkh fajkvicm jav}aac Lkcfifa( @kzvic kcf _kcmhn||( Lkcfifa falhkza| vdkv nca `q|v |vnp

pdihn|npdiuicm kcf lqhviwkva nca-| mkzfac k| vda nchy fagac|a kmkic|v jnzafn` kcf fi||kvi|gklvinc#