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Human Anatomy, Larry M.Frolich, Ph.D.

Specialized Connective Tissues

Bone

Cartilage

Blood

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Functions of Bone

Maintain body shape

Protect internal organs, brain, spinal cord

System of levers for the muscle system to actupon

Mineral storageCa2+ and Phosphorus

Blood formation: hematopoiesis

Surface features for muscle insertions and

origins

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Bone Structure

There are two main categories of bone :

Compact bone (cortical bone)

Spongy bone (trabecular bone, cancellousbone)

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Two Kinds of Bone

Compact Bone

Spongy Bone

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Cells of Bone Tissue

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Compact Bone

Compact bone is arranged in units called

osteons or Haversian systems.

Osteons (Haversian canal) contain blood

vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves

Surrounding this canal are concentric rings of

osteocytes along with the calcified matrix

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Compact Bone

Compact bone is arranged in units called

osteons or Haversian systems.

Osteons (Haversian canal) contain blood

vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves

Surrounding this canal are concentric rings of

osteocytes along with the calcified matrix

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Bone-Connective

Tree ring-like

appearance

Supports & protects

Mineral storage

Fat storage Blood cell production

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Bone Tissue

Figure 4.12j

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Bone Matrix

35% collagenorganic

Some chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and

polysaccharides

65% calcium phosphate minerals

hydroxyapetite

Combination provides strength and rigidity

Laid down by osteoblasts

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Periosteumwhere you find pain receptors and more vessels

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Spongy (Trabecular) Bone

Does not contain osteons.

It consists oftrabeculae surrounding many

red marrow filled spaces.

It forms most of the structure of short, flat,

and irregular bones

Also found in epiphyses of long bones

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Spongy Bone

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Two Kinds of

Ossification

Intramembranous Ossification

Endochondral Ossification

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Centers of Ossification

Centers of Ossification

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Endochondral Ossification Developing bones are deposited as a hyaline

cartilage model

Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue.

All bones of the body except:

All roofing bones of the Skull

Mandible Clavicle

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Endochondral Ossification

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Endochondral Ossification

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Cartilage

Hyaline

Fibrocartilage

Elastic

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Functions of cartilage

Rigid, yet more flexible than bone

Support and protection

Abundant in the fetus and embryo Site of skeletal growth

Covers joints

Supports nose, ears, trachea, ribs, etc

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Cartilage

Jelly-like matrix (chondroitin sulfate)

Has NO blood vessels or nerves

Surrounded by a membrane called theperichondrium.

Chondrocytes occur within spaces in the

matrix called lacunae.

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Hyaline Cartilage

Most abundant type of cartilage in body

Supports while providing flexibility

Absorbs compression between bones in joints(articular cartilage)

Holds open respiratory passages

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Hyaline Cartilage

Figure 4.12g

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Supportive Connective Tissue Hyaline Cartilage

400X

chondrocytes in lacuna

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Elastic Cartilage

Figure 4.12h

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Fibrocartilage

Figure 4.12i

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