“Bonaparte,” 1798

Jacques Louis David

FIRST CONSUL

“Bonaparte,” 1798

Jacques Louis David

FIRST CONSUL

Europe in 1800Europe in 1800

Haitian Independence, 1792-1804

Haitian Independence, 1792-1804

Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture

Louisiana Purchase, 1803Louisiana Purchase, 1803

$15,000,000$15,000,000

“Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress

Josephine,” 1806 by David

“Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress

Josephine,” 1806 by David

December 2, 1804December 2, 1804

“Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the

Empress Josephine,”

1806 by David

“Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the

Empress Josephine,”

1806 by David

Napoléon’s Throne

Napoléon’s Throne

The Imperial ImageThe Imperial Image

The “Empire” StyleThe “Empire” Style

Madame Recamier by David, 1808Madame Recamier by David, 1808

Napoleonic EuropeNapoleonic Europe

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)

BritainFrance 1805:Sea

PowerSea

Power

Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar

“Crossing the Alps,”

1805

Paul Delaroche

“Crossing the Alps,”

1805

Paul Delaroche

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Britain Austria Russia

(3rd Coalition)

France 1805: -Danube-Italy-Danube-Italy

e ULM: France defeated Austria.

e AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia.

e ULM: France defeated Austria.

e AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia.

Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

JENA: French Troops in Berlin!

BERLIN DECREES(“Continental System”)

PrussiaFrance 1806:Confed.Confed.of theof theRhineRhine

Confed.Confed.of theof theRhineRhine

4th Coalition created4th Coalition created

British Cartoon British Cartoon

“Continental System” (1806-1812)“Continental System” (1806-1812)

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Grand Duchy of Warsaw

FRIEDLAND: France defeated Russian troops : France occupied Konigsberg, capital of East Prussia!

RussiaFrance 1806: PolandPolandPolandPoland

“Napoléon on His Imperial

Throne”

1806

By Jean AugusteDominique

Ingres

“Napoléon on His Imperial

Throne”

1806

By Jean AugusteDominique

Ingres

Marie Louise(of Austria)

married Napoléon on

March 12, 1810

in Vienna

Marie Louise(of Austria)

married Napoléon on

March 12, 1810

in Vienna

Marie Louise(of Austria)

withNapoléon’s

Son

(Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles:

1811-1832)

Marie Louise(of Austria)

withNapoléon’s

Son

(Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles:

1811-1832)

Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810

Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810

e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.

e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.

e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!

Spain Portugal

France 1806: ContinentalContinentalSystemSystem

ContinentalContinentalSystemSystem

The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809

The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809

“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

“Napoléon in His

Study”

1812

by David

“Napoléon in His

Study”

1812

by David

Napoléon’s Empire in 1810Napoléon’s Empire in 1810

Napoléon’s Family Rules!Napoléon’s Family Rules!

e Jerome Bonaparte King of Westphalia.

e Joseph Bonaparte King of Spaine Louise Bonaparte King of Hollande Pauline Bonaparte Princess of Italye Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles

(son) King of Romee Elisa Bonaparte Grand Duchess of

Tuscanye Caroline Bonaparte Queen of Naples

Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812

Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812

614,000 French troops614,000 French troops

Moscow on Fire!Moscow on Fire!

Napoléon & His Grand Arméeat the Gates of Moscow

Napoléon & His Grand Arméeat the Gates of Moscow

Russian General KutuzovRussian General Kutuzov

The Russian army defeated the French at Borodino.The Russian army defeated the French at Borodino.

Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)

Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)

100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

The 6th CoalitionThe 6th Coalition

Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states

France 1813-1814:

Napoléon’sNapoléon’sDefeatDefeat

Napoléon’sNapoléon’sDefeatDefeat

Battle of Dresden (Aug., 26-27, 1813)

Battle of Dresden (Aug., 26-27, 1813)

e Coalition Russians, Prussians, Austrians.

e Napoléon’s forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements.

e 100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties.

e French victory.

e Coalition Russians, Prussians, Austrians.

e Napoléon’s forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements.

e 100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties.

e French victory.

Napoléon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)

Napoléon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)

“Battle of the Nations” Memorial

“Battle of the Nations” Memorial

Napoléon Abdicates!Napoléon Abdicates!

e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.

e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.

e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.

e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.

e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.

e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.

e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.

e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.

e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

Napoléon in Exile on ElbaNapoléon in Exile on Elba

Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

“The War of the 7th Coalition”

“The War of the 7th Coalition”

Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller

German states

France 1815: Napoleon’sNapoleon’s“100 Days”“100 Days”Napoleon’sNapoleon’s“100 Days”“100 Days”

e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.

e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.

e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

e It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:

V Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.

V Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.

e Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

e It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:

V Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.

V Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.

e Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

Key Players at Vienna

Key Players at Vienna

The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.)

Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh

(Br.)

Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)

King Frederick William III (Prus.)

Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice

de Tallyrand (Fr.)

Key Principles Established at Vienna

Key Principles Established at Vienna

V Balance of Power

V Legitimacy

V Compensation

V Balance of Power

V Legitimacy

V Compensation

e Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.

e France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

e Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.

e France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo

(June 18, 1815)

Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo

(June 18, 1815)

Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher

Napoléon on His

Way to HisFinal Exile

onSt. Helena

Napoléon on His

Way to HisFinal Exile

onSt. Helena

V France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon.

V Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).

V Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.

V A Germanic Confederation of 39 states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule.

V Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.

V The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

Changes Made at Vienna (1)Changes Made at Vienna (1)

Changes Made at Vienna (2)Changes Made at Vienna (2)V Norway and Sweden were joined.V The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.V Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.V Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa,

and various other colonies in Africa and Asia.V Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy,

and Genoa.V The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the

Two Sicilies.V The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie

Louise.V The slave trade was condemned (at British

urging).V Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for

many rivers.

Europe After the Congress of Vienna

Europe After the Congress of Vienna

Napoléon’s TombNapoléon’s Tomb

What is What is NapoléoNapoléo

n’s n’s Legacy?Legacy?

What is What is NapoléoNapoléo

n’s n’s Legacy?Legacy?