Gimnazija Rizah Odeki Zavidovii
Zeniko-dobojski kanton
kolska 2014/15. godina
MATURSKI RAD IZ BIOLOGIJE
Tema: Bolesti respiratornih organa
Mentor: Uenik:
Belma Poli, prof. Anel Mehanovi, IV2 (prirodno izborno podruje)
Zavidovii, maj, 2015.
2
SADRAJ
1.UVOD.............................................................................................................................5
2.BOLESTI GORNJIH DINIH PUTOVA......................................................................7
2.1.PREHLADA.....................................................................................................7
2.1.1.Znakovi i simptomi.....................................................................................7
2.1.2.Uzronici.....................................................................................................7
2.1.2.1.Virusi......................................................................................................7
2.1.2.2.Drugi uzroci............................................................................................8
2.1.3.Patofiziologija..............................................................................................8
2.1.4.Dijagnoza.....................................................................................................8
2.1.5.Lijeenje......................................................................................................9
2.1.6.Prevencija....................................................................................................9
2.2.FARINGITIS....................................................................................................10
2.2.1.Uzronici....................................................................................................10
2.2.2.Simptomi....................................................................................................10
2.2.3.Lijeenje.....................................................................................................11
2.3.LARINGITIS...................................................................................................12
2.3.1.Akutni laringitis.........................................................................................12
2.3.1.1.Uzronici...............................................................................................12
2.3.1.2.Akutni obini laringitis.........................................................................12
2.3.1.3.Akutni edematozni laringitis.................................................................13
2.3.1.4.Krup......................................................................................................13
2.3.2.Hronini laringitis......................................................................................15
2.3.2.1.Uzronici...............................................................................................15
2.3.2.2.Hronini kataralni laringitis..................................................................15
2.3.2.3.Hronini hiperplastini laringitis..........................................................15
2.3.2.4.Hronini hiperplastini i ulcerozni laringitis........................................16
2.3.2.5.Lijeenje................................................................................................16
3.BOLESTI DONJIH DINIH PUTOVA...............................................................17
3.1.HOPB...............................................................................................................17
3.1.1.Akutni bronhitis.........................................................................................18
3.1.1.1.Uzronici...............................................................................................19
3.1.1.2.Simptomi...............................................................................................19
3.1.1.3.Dijagnoza...............................................................................................19
3.1.1.4.Lijeenje.................................................................................................19
3.1.2.Hronini bronhitis.......................................................................................20
3.1.2.1.Simptomi................................................................................................20
3.1.2.2.Lijeenje.................................................................................................20
3.1.3.Emfizem......................................................................................................21
3.1.3.1.Simptomi................................................................................................21
3.1.3.2.Lijeenje.................................................................................................21
3.2.ASTMA.............................................................................................................22
3
3.2.1.Uzronici.....................................................................................................22
3.2.2.Patofiziologija.............................................................................................23
3.2.3.Simptomi.....................................................................................................23
3.2.4.Prevencija....................................................................................................24
3.2.5.Lijeenje......................................................................................................24
3.3.PNEUMONIJA.................................................................................................25
3.3.1.Uzronici.....................................................................................................25
3.3.2.Simptomi.....................................................................................................26
3.3.3.Lijeenje......................................................................................................26
3.3.4.Prevencija....................................................................................................27
3.4.TBC...................................................................................................................28
3.4.1.Uzronik......................................................................................................28
3.4.2.Simptomi.....................................................................................................28
3.4.3.Patofiziologija.............................................................................................29
3.4.4.Dijagnoza....................................................................................................30
3.4.5.Lijeenje......................................................................................................30
3.4.6.Prevencija....................................................................................................30
3.5.RAK PLUA....................................................................................................31
3.5.1.Uzronici.....................................................................................................31
3.5.2.Tipovi raka plua.........................................................................................31
3.5.3.Simptomi.....................................................................................................32
3.5.4.Dijagnoza....................................................................................................33
3.5.5.Lijeenje......................................................................................................33
4.ZAKLJUAK........................................................................................................35
LITERATURA.........................................................................................................36
4
Slika 1. Sistem respiratornih organa
5
1.UVOD
Respiratorni sistem organa sastoji se od gornjih dinih putova: nosa, drijela i grkljana
(zagrijavanje, vlaenje, ienje i dezinfekcija zraka), i donjih dinih putova:dunika, dunica
i dvaju plunih krila s plunom maramicom (pleurom). Plua (lat. Pulmo) imaju dva pluna
krila, lijevo se sastoji od dva renja, desno je neto vee i tee, lijevo dijeli prsni ko sa srcem,
tee zajedno 1,2 kg. Svako pluno krilo obavijeno je tankom dvolisnom opnom-pleurom.
Vanjski list pleure (porebrica) oblae rebra s unutarnje strane prsnoga koa. Unutarnji list
pleure oblae pluna krila te tako odvaja plua od ostalih organa u prsnoj upljini. Zavrne
dijelove dunica ine bronhioli koji zavravaju plunim mjehuriima(Slika 1.). Plua odrasle
osobe imaju vie od 300 miliona mjehuria. Zbog alveolarne grane, plua su mehka i
spuvasta. Pluni mjehurii obavijeni su kapilarnom mreom ogranaka plune arterije, koja je
krvlju dopremila iz tijela CO2 radi razmjene s kisikom. Strujanjem kroz nos
