bls_1728_1972.pdf

Industry Wage SurveyWomen's and Misses’ Coats and Suits, August 1970Bulletin 1728u S DEPARTMENT OF LABORBureau of Labor Statistics 1972

Dayton & Montgomery Co.Public Library

MAR 3 01972

DOCUMENT COLLECTION

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


Industry Wage SurveyWomen’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, August 1970Bulletin 1728

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR J. D. Hodgson, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner1972

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P re fa c e

This bulletin summarizes the results of an August 1970 Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of occupational wages and supplementary practices in the women’s and misses’ coat and suit industry in eight selected areas. A similar survey was conducted in August 1965.

Separate releases for each of the areas surveyed were issued earlier. Copies are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or from any of its regional offices.

The study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. The analysis in this bulletin was prepared by Homer W. Jack in the Division of Occupational Wage Structures. Field work for the survey was directed by the Bureau’s Assistant Regional Directors for Operations.

Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies, as well as the addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin.

iii



C o n te n ts

Page

Summary............................................................................................................................................................................. 1Industry characteristics..................................................................................................................................................... 1

Products.............................................................................. 1Type of shop..................... 1Occupation and sex....................................................................................................................................................... 2Method of wage paym ent............................................................................................................................................ 2Unionization.................................................................................................................................................... 2

Average hourly earnings..................................................................................................................................................... 2Occupational earnings....................................................................................................................................................... 3Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions........................................................................................ 3

Scheduled weekly h o u rs .............................................................................................................................................. 3Paid holidays.................................................................................................................................................................. 3Health, insurance, and vacation benefits.................................................................................................................... 3Retirement plans........................................................................................................................................................... 3Length-of-service benefits............................................................................................................................................ 4National health services p lan ........................................................................................................................................ 4Supplemental unemployment b enefits ...................................................................................................................... 4

Table:1. Earnings distribution: All production workers.............................................................................................. 52. Average hourly earnings: Selected occupations ............................................................. 6

Occupational earnings—3. Chicago, 111......................................................................................................................................................... 74. Kansas City, Mo.—K ans...................................................................................................................................... 85. Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif............. ........................................................................................................... 96. New York, N.Y.— All shops............................................................................................................................. 107. New York, N.Y.— Regular and jobbing shops................................................................................................ 118. New York, N.Y.— Contract shops .................................................................................................................. 129. Newark and Jersey City, N.J .......................................................................................................................... 13

10. Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N . J ......................................................................................................................... 1411. Philadelphia, P a .-N .J ........................................................................................................................................ 1512. San Francisco—Oakland, Calif............................ 16

Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions—13. Method of wage p ay m en t.................................................................................................................................. 1714. Scheduled weekly h o u rs ........................................................................ 1715. Paid holidays....................................................................................................................................................... 1816. Health, welfare, and vacation benefits.............................................................................................................. 1917. Retirement p la n s ................................................................................................................................................ 20

Appendixes:A. Scope and method of survey ....................................................................... 21B. Occupational descriptions...................................................................................................................................... 23

v



W o m e n ’s and M is s e s ’ C o a ts and S u its , A u g u s t 1 9 7 0

Summary

Average straight-time hourly earnings of production workers in women’s and misses’ coats and suits manufacturing varied widely among the eight areas surveyed in August 1970.1 The highest average ($3.75) was recorded in the New York metropolitan area; the lowest average ($2.89) was in Kansas City. (See table 1.) Since a similar survey in August 1965, wage levels had increased an average of 27 percent in the eight areas, ranging from 11 percent in Los Angeles—Long Beach to 45 percent in Kansas City.

Individual earnings in each area were widely dispersed at the time of the 1970 survey, reflecting such characteristics of the industry as the extensive use of incentive wage systems in most areas and the variety of skill levels required.

Sewing-machine operators were numerically the most important group studied separately, accounting for slightly over two-fifths of all production workers in the survey. Among the occupations selected for separate study, machine pressers usually had the highest average earnings, ranging from $4.50 an hour in Kansas City to $6.47 an hour in Chicago. Thread trimmers averaged the least in most areas, ranging from $1.90 an hour in Los Angeles to $2.84 in Kansas City.

Virtually all of the workers covered by the survey were in shops having agreements with the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union. These agreements included provisions for paid holidays, paid vacations, and various health, insurance, and retirement benefits.

Industry characteristics

The eight areas surveyed in August 1970 employed 33,600 of the industry’s 76,000 production workers, as reported in the Bureau’s employment and earnings series. New York, which had 19,000 production workers, and the nearby areas of Newark and Jersey City (5,000) and Paterson—Clifton—Passaic (3,500) were the leading employment centers for the industry. Together, they accounted for over four-fifths of the production workers covered by the survey. Los Angeles—Long Beach, which had 2,200 workers, was the next largest employment center studied.

Employment in the women’s and misses’ coats and suits manufacturing industry was near its seasonal high for the year at the time of the survey— about 6 percent above the year’s average.2 Employment in the eight areas studied was down 28 percent since a similar survey in August 1965.3 Substantial employment declines occurred in 6 of the 8 areas during this 5-year period. In Paterson— Clifton—Passaic, however, the decline amounted to only 2 percent and in Los Angeles-Long Beach employment remained virtually the same. Nationally, employment in the industry dropped 15 percent during this period.

Products. Approximately four-fifths of the workers covered by the survey were in shops primarily making coats. San Francisco—Oakland was the only area in which a majority of the workers were employed in plants primarily manufacturing suits. Pantsuits, a relatively new item in the industry, was the principal product of establishments employing about 2 percent of the workers. All of these establishments were in Los Angeles—Long Beach, Newark and Jersey City, and New York.

Type o f shop. Three types of shops were included in the survey: (1) Regular or “inside” shops, which own the materials and perform all or most of the manufacturing operations; (2) contract shops, which process materials owned (and frequently cut) by others; and (3) jobbing shops, which contract out most manufacturing operations, but may perform such operations as cutting, finishing, or packing and shipping. Contract shops accounted for more than nine-tenths of the workers in Newark and Jersey City and Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, three-fourths of the workers in New York, and nearly three-fifths in Los Angeles—Long Beach. Regular shops employed a large majority of the workers in the other areas. Jobbing shops were found in five areas— Los Angeles—Long Beach, Newark and Jersey City, New York, Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, and Philadelphia— but their employment was relatively small. They accounted for 16 percent of the personnel in New York and for 7 percent or less in the remaining four areas.

1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Earnings data in this report exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.

2 According to estimates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly employment and earnings series.

3 For an account of the earlier survey, see Industry Wage Survey: Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, August 1965 (BLS Bulletin 1508L

1


Occupation and sex. Sewing-machine operators accounted for at least three-tenths of all production workers in each area. In Newark and Jersey City and Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, the proportion was as large as one-half. Sewing-machine operators worked under one of two systems: The singlehand (tailor) system, in which an individual performs all or most of the sewing- machine operations involved in making a complete garment; or the section system, where an operator’s sewing is limited to a specified part, or parts, of a garment. Most of the sewing-machine operators in the San Francisco area were employed on the singlehand system; in Kansas City, Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, and Philadelphia virtually all operators worked on the section system. In each of the remaining areas, a large majority were employed on the section system. (See table 2.)

Women accounted for seven-tenths of the 33,600 production workers within the scope of the survey. Only in New York were fewer than three-fourths (about 60 percent) of the workers female. Occupations primarily staffed by women included sewing-machine operators, hand sewers, thread trimmers, and final inspectors: Combined, they accounted for nearly 20,000 workers. Men represented a majority of the workers in such jobs as cutters and markers, packers, hand pressers, machine pressers, and hand and machine pressers.

Method o f wage payment. Incentive workers, almost always paid individual piece rates, accounted for a majority of the workers in five areas. (See table 13.) Machine pressers, hand pressers, hand sewers, and sewing-machine operators on the section system were commonly among the workers on incentive systems. Time-rated employees made up three-fifths to four- fifths of the workers in New York, Newark and Jersey City, and Paterson—Clifton—Passaic. They almost always were paid according to their individual qualifications.

Unionization. Collective bargaining agreements with the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (AFL- CIO) were in effect in shops employing 96 percent of the production workers covered by the study. The proportion ranged from about 85 percent in San Francisco—Oakland and Los Angeles—Long Beach to virtually all of the employees in Chicago, Kansas City, New York, and Paterson—Clifton—Passaic.

Average hourly earnings

Average hourly earnings of production workers increased in each of the surveyed areas since the August 1965 study.4 The increases, ranging from 11 percent in Los Angeles—Long Beach to 45 percent in Kansas City, amounted to 19 percent in San Francisco-Oakland; 26 to 28 percent in Newark and Jersey City, Chicago, and

New York; 31 percent in Philadelphia; and 41 percent in Paterson-Clifton-Passaic. Much of the rise in average hourly earnings was attributable to general wage adjustments negotiated during the 1965-70 period.5

Differences in manufacturing methods and processes are partly responsible for variations in the average earnings of the production workers. Shops in New York employed slightly over four-fifths of all sewing-machine operators in the survey using the singlehand (tailor) system and their earnings averaged $4.21 per hour, while in these same shops sewing-machine operators using the section system averaged $3.67. Similarly, in the other two areas providing comparisons, singlehand sewers averaged $3.96 in Chicago and $3.58 in Los Angeles- Long Beach, while their counterparts using the section system earned $3.67 and $3.09.

Men, as a group, averaged more than women in each area; the average wage advantage for men ranged from 16 percent in Kansas City and 18 percent in San Francisco- Oakland to 38 and 40 percent in Los Angeles—Long Beach and Chicago, respectively. Since the Bureau’s survey in August 1965, the average pay difference between men and women declined substantially in all areas except New York, where it remained about the same. Differences in average pay levels for men and women may be the result of several factors, including variations in the distribution of the sexes among establishments. Differences noted in averages for men and women in the same job and area may also reflect minor differences in duties. Job descriptions used in classifying workers in wage surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments because allowance must be made for possible minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. Also, earnings for some jobs in the industry are determined largely by production at piece rates. Variations in incentive earnings for individuals or sex groupings may be traceable to differences in work experience, or work flow and other factors which the worker may not control.

Individual earnings ranged from less than $1.90 to $5.40 or more an hour in all areas. (See table 1.) Only in Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia were at least

4 Op. cit., BLS Bulletin 1508.5 A collective bargaining agreement between the ILGWU

and three coat and suit manufacturing associations, covering about 42,000 workers in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut became effective June 5, 1967. See Current Wage Developments, Nos. 234, 247, and 255. This 3-year agreement provided the following wage increases: Effective June 5,1967, 10 percent, not to exceed $13 a week; effective June 3,1968, 5 percent, not to exceed $8 a week. A similar agreement between the same parties became effective June 1, 1970, and generally provided for a 10-percent increase. See Current Wage Developments, No. 270. Both contracts provided for increases in craft minimums and for the right of the union to demand “cost-of-living” increases.

2Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

one-tenth of the workers paid as much as $5. The following tabulation indicates the spread in earnings for the middle half of the workers in each area:

C hicago ................................................................................ $2 .29-$4.08Kansas City........................................................................... 2.32- 3.26Los Angeles—Long Beach ............................................. 2.37- 3 .76New Y o r k ........................................................................... 2.77- 4.57Newark and Jersey C i ty .................................................. 2.39- 3 .58Paterson—C lifton—Passaic............................................. 2.53- 3.56Philadelphia ...................................................................... 2.27- 4.01San Francisco—O akland.................................................. 2.21- 3 .39

Occupational earnings

Ten occupational classifications, accounting for a large majority of the production workers covered by the survey, were selected to represent the types of skills and manufacturing operations in the industry.

Cutters and markers, the job most dominated by men, averaged from $3.99 in Kansas City and $4.05 in San Francisco—Oakland to $5.37 and $5.39, respectively, in Paterson-Clifton-Passaic and New York.

Machine pressers, also predominantly men, had the highest averages in four of the areas (Chicago $6.47, Kansas City $4.50, Philadelphia$5.73, and San Francisco $4.92). Cutters and markers had this distinction in Los Angeles-Long Beach ($5.16) and Newark and Jersey City ($5.23), while workers performing both hand and machine pressing averaged top pay in New York ($5.72) and Paterson—Clifton—Passaic ($6.12). Thread trimmers, nearly all women, had the lowest average in 5 of the 6 areas where data for the job were considered adequate for publication. Their averages ranged from $1.88 in Los Angeles—Long Beach to $2.84 in Kansas City.

Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions

Data also were obtained on work schedules and selected supplementary wage benefits for production workers. Provisions for paid holidays, paid vacations, health and insurance benefits, mail-order prescription drugs, supplementary unemployment benefits, and retirement pensions were stipulated in collective bargaining agreements with the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, which were in effect in shops employing 96 percent of the production workers.6

Scheduled weekly hours. Work schedules of 35 hours a week were in effect in shops employing at least 85 percent of the workers in all areas and over 90 percent of the workers in five areas. (See table 14.) Forty-hour schedules applied to about 15 percent of the employees only in the Los Angeles—Long Beach and San Francisco- Oakland areas.

Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions allowed for 6 days a year in Chicago,7 7 days in Kansas City, and 8 days in the remaining six areas. (See table 15.) In most areas, time workers were paid their regular rates and incentive workers were given flat amounts, varying by craft.

Health, insurance, and vacation benefits. Health and insurance benefits in all areas and vacation payments in all areas except Chicago and Kansas City were provided from a health and welfare fund to which employers contributed specified percentages of their payrolls for workers covered by the union agreement. (See table 16.)

The provisions included hospitalization, surgical, disability, maternity, and death benefits in all cities; eyeglass benefits in all areas except Kansas City; and medical or major medical benefits in several areas. Paternity benefits8 were also provided in New York, Newark and Jersey City, Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, and Philadelphia. Union health centers were maintained through employer contributions to a health center fund in five areas but not in Los Angeles—Long Beach, Philadelphia, and San Francisco—Oakland.

Vacation benefits varied significantly among the areas by both the amount of vacation the employee received and the method of computation. (See table 16.) In Los Angeles—Long Beach, for instance, employees received a vacation payment based on 4 percent of the previous year’s earnings. In New York, Newark and Jersey City, Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, and Philadelphia employees received two annual payments. The first payment was 2 percent of the previous year’s earnings, not to exceed $125; the second was a flat $70. In Chicago and Kansas City the provisions were as follows: Chicago,1 week’s pay after 1 year of service and 2 weeks after2 years of service; Kansas City, 1 week’s pay after 1 year, 2 weeks after 3 years and 3 weeks after 5 years. San Francisco—Oakland provided 4 percent of the previous year’s earnings for employees with less than 5 years of service and 6 percent for those with 5 years or more.

Retirement plans. Retirement pension benefits (other than Federal social security) were provided through employer contributions to a retirement fund. (See table 17.) The amounts contributed varied among the areas from 2Vi to 6Vi percent of the payrolls for workers covered by the union agreements. Benefits of $85 a month were paid from the fund to qualified workers

6 Provisions differed slightly in a few shops. Among the shops contacted which did not have a contract with ILGWU, formal provisions for paid holidays and vacations were common, but insurance and pension plans were not.

7 Workers in Chicago were guaranteed xh day’s pay for each holiday; those working 3 days in the holiday week received three>fourths pay, and those working 4 days received full pay.

Maternity and paternity benefits are cash payments from a union fund for each child born to an ILGWU member.

3


over age 65 in New York, Newark and Jersey City, and Paterson—Clifton—Passaic and $75 a month in the other areas. In all areas, qualified workers who became totally disabled were permitted to retire with full benefits at any age and other qualified workers could retire early with reduced benefits. The fund also provided a $500 death benefit.

Length-of-service benefits. In New York, Newark and Jersey City, Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, and in most shops in Philadelphia workers employed in a shop for at least 3 consecutive years were paid, in addition to their regular earnings, 2 percent of their total earnings for the pre

vious year. Such length-of-service benefits were not found in the other areas surveyed.

National health services plan. In all areas, employers contributed three-eighths percent of their weekly payrolls to provide mail-order prescription drugs to workers covered by the union contract and their families.

Supplemental unemployment benefits. In the eight areas studied, employers contributed one-eighth percent of weekly payrolls to a supplemental unemployment benefit fund set up under union contract, administered on a nationwide basis.

4


T a b le 1. E a rn in g s d is trib u tio n : A ll p ro d u c t io n w o r k e rs

( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f a l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o m e n 's an d m i s s e s ' c o a t an d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , 1 8 s e le c te d a r e a s , A u g u s t 1 9 7 0 )

A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 C h ic a g o K a n s a sC i ty

— r z z —A n g e le s -

L o n gB e a c h

N ew Y o rk N e w a rka n d

, J e r s e y C ity

P a t e r s o n —C lif to n —P a s s a i c

P h i l a d e lp h ia

S anF r a n c i s c o —

O a k la n dA ll

sh o p sR e g u la r s h o p s 2

C o n t r a c ts h o p s

U n d e r $ 1 .6 0 ----------------------------------- 0 . 5 0. 4$ 1. 60 an d u n d e r $ 1. 65 ----------------- 1 . 8 1. 3 - - _ _ 1. 9 0 . 7 2 . 1$ 1. 65 an d u n d e r $ 1. 70 ----------------- . 8 - 4 . 1 - _ _ . 4 _ . 2 6 . 1$ 1. 70 an d u n d e r $ 1 .7 5 ----------------- 1 . 7 . 4 1 .3 - - - . 7 . 2 . 8 -

$ 1. 75 an d u n d e r 1 1. 80 ----------------- 1 .7 1 . 1 1 .5 _ _ . 1 . 1 . 1 2 . 0 2. 5$ 1. 80 an d u n d e r $ 1 .8 5 ----------------- 1 . 1 . 3 . 8 - - _ 1 .4 . 5 . 6 . 6$ 1. 85 an d u n d e r $ 1 .9 0 ----------------- 3 .9 . 8 1 . 6 1. 7 2 . 5 1. 5 1 . 2 . 7 1 . 2 1 . 6$ 1 .9 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 .9 5 ----------------- . 8 . 4 .9 . 4 . 7 . 4 . 6 . 1 1 . 6 _$ 1 .9 5 an d u n d e r $ 2. 00 ----------------- . 6 . 4 1 .5 . 2 . 1 . 2 . 7 . 2 . 8 1 . 0

$ 2 . 0 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 1 0 ----------------- 3. 9 3. 0 3. 8 1 .5 1 . 0 1 . 6 3. 6 2. 9 5. 7 6 . 7$ 2 . 1 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 2 0 ---------------- 5. 1 4 . 8 3. 0 1 . 8 3. 2 1 .4 1 . 8 1 . 5 4 . 4 5. 3$ 2. 20 an d u n d e r $ 2. 30 ----------------- 4 . 2 1 0 . 2 3. 8 5. 0 1 . 8 6 . 0 8 . 0 6 . 4 8 . 5 6 . 5$ 2. 30 an d u n d e r $ 2. 40 ----------------- 2 . 8 1 1 . 8 3. 2 2 . 6 1 . 1 3. 1 4 . 2 4 . 9 6 . 8 4. 5$ 2. 40 an d u n d e r $ 2 .5 0 ----------------- 4 . 2 5. 4 4 . 8 2. 9 1 . 8 3. 3 4 . 3 4 . 5 3. 6 4. 1

$ 2 . 50 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 60 ----------------- 5. 2 5 .4 5 . 6 4 . 1 2. 3 4 . 6 6 . 2 7. 8 3. 5 7. 2$ 2. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 70 ----------------- 3 . 7 5. 2 3. 2 2 . 7 2 . 0 2 .9 4 . 6 6 . 0 2 . 8 3. 9$ 2. 70 an d u n d e r $ 2. 80 ----------------- 3. 1 5. 2 2 . 9 2 . 9 2 . 2 5. 9 5 .9 7 .9 2. 5 3. 3$ 2 . 80 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 9 0 ----------------- 2 . 1 5. 6 5. 1 3 .9 3. 1 4 . 2 4 . 1 5. 4 2 . 2 4. 9$ 2. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 3. 00 ----------------- 2 . 2 4 . 3 1 .9 2. 4 2. 3 2. 4 3. 4 3. 9 2 . 2 6 . 1

$ 3 . 0 0 an d u n d e r $ 3 .1 0 ----------------- 3 . 2 4 . 1 3. 0 3. 7 4 . 4 3. 5 5. 3 5 . 8 3. 0 3. 1$ 3 .1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3. 20 ----------------- 2 . 1 3. 1 4 . 0 3. 3 1. 7 3. 8 2. 4 3. 5 2. 5 2. 9$ 3 .2 0 an d u n d e r $ 3. 30 ------------ — 2 . 8 3 .3 3 . 2 2. 5 2 . 1 2. 7 4 . 1 3. 8 1 . 8 2. 7$ 3 .3 0 an d u n d e r $ 3. 40 ----------------- 2 . 4 3. 3 2. 5 2. 7 1 . 8 3. 0 4 . 4 4 . 1 2. 9 1 .4$ 3. 40 a n d u n d e r $ 3. 50 ----------------- 3 . 8 1. 7 4 . 0 3. 8 2. 3 4 . 3 2. 4 3 . 5 1 .9 2 . 2

$ 3 . 50 an d u n d e r $ 3 .6 0 ----------------- 2 . 5 2 .4 4 . 0 3 . 1 3. 4 3. 0 2. 9 1 . 6 1 .5 1 . 8$ 3 . 60 an d u n d e r $ 3 . 70 ----------------- 3. 1 1 . 1 3. 0 3. 0 1 . 6 3 .4 1 .5 3. 3 2. 3 2. 5$ 3 . 70 an d u n d e r $ 3 . 80 ----------------- 1 .5 .9 2 .4 3. 1 3. 4 3. 0 2 , 0 1 .4 2. 4 2 . 2$ 3. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 3 .9 0 ----------------- . 6 1. 7 1 . 6 3. 0 1. 9 3. 3 2 . 1 2 . 2 2. 4 . 6$ 3 . 90 a n d u n d e r $ 4 . 00 ----------------- 2 . 1 1 . 2 1 .9 2 .4 1 . 8 2 . 6 1 . 8 1 . 1 2 . 6 . 6

$ 4 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 4 . 20 ----------------- 4 . 8 2 . 1 3. 0 4 . 4 3. 7 4 . 6 3. 1 3. 8 3 .9 4 .9$ 4 . 20 an d u n d e r $ 4 . 40 ----------------- 3. 8 3. 0 1 .9 4 . 3 4 . 1 4 . 4 2 . 0 2 . 0 3. 1 4. 5$ 4 . 40 an d u n d e r $ 4. 60 ----------------- 2 . 1 2 . 0 3. 3 3. 8 4 . 8 3. 5 2 . 2 2. 5 2. 4 1 . 6$ 4 . 60 a n d u n d e r $ 4 . 80 ----------------- 1. 7 1. 3 1. 5 3. 3 3. 4 3 . 2 1. 7 1 . 1 3. 0 . 4$ 4 . 80 an d u n d e r $ 5 . 00 ----------------- 2. 4 1 . 0 2. 5 3. 6 4 . 8 3. 2 1. 7 1 . 8 2. 5 1 . 2

$ 5 . 0 0 an d u n d e r $ 5 . 20 ----------------- 1 .4 . 8 . 7 4 . 8 9 . 7 3. 2 . 9 1 . 2 1 .3 _$ 5. 20 an d u n d e r $ 5. 40 ----------------- 1. 7 . 5 3. 1 2. 9 5 .9 2 . 0 1 . 1 . 5 . 5 . 2$ 5 . 40 an d o v e r ------------------------------- 9 .0 . 8 4 . 6 9 .9 3 15. 0 8 . 2 4 . 2 3. 5 8 . 5 2 . 2

T o ta l -------------------------------------- 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ----------------------- 712 1 ,5 8 5 2 , 1 6 2 1 8 ,9 4 0 4 , 596 1 4 ,3 4 4 5 ,0 0 4 3, 538 1 , 2 0 0 489

A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s -------------- $ 3 . 35 $ 2 . 89 $ 3 . 19 $ 3 . 75 $ 4 . 12 $ 3 . 63 $ 3 . 14 $ 3 . 17 $ 3 . 29 $ 2 . 90

1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , an d l a t e s h i f t s .2 I n c lu d e s jo b b in g s h o p s p e r f o r m i n g s o m e m a n u f a c tu r in g o p e r a t i o n s , in a d d i t io n to r e g u l a r ( in s id e ) s h o p s .3 W o rk e r s w e re d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 6 . 2 p e r c e n t a t $ 5. 40 to $ 5. 80 ; 2 . 2 p e r c e n t a t $ 5 . 80 to $ 6 . 20 ; 2. 4 p e r c e n t a t $ 6 . 20 to $ 6 . 60; 1 .7 p e r c e n t

a t $ 6 . 60 to $ 7; a n d 2. 6 p e r c e n t a t $ 7. a n d o v e r .

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y n o t e q u a l 100.


T a b le 2 . A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s : S e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s

( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's an d m i s s e s ' c o a t an d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , 8 s e le c te d a r e a s , A u g u s t 1970)

O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x

C h ic a g o K a n s a sC ity

L o sA n g e le s —

L o n gB e a c h

N ew Y o rk N e w a rka n d

J e r s e yC ity

P a t e r s o n — C l i f t o n - P a s s a ic

P h i l a d e lp h ia

S anF r a n c i s c o —

O a k la n dA lls h o p s

R e g u la r s h o p s 2

C o n t r a c ts h o p s

N u m b e r

o fw o r k

e r s

A v e r a g e

h o u r lye a r n in g s

N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s

A v e r a g e


N u m b e ro f

w o rk e r s

A v e r a g e


N u m b e ro f

wo r k - e r s

A v e r a g e


N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s

A v e r a g e


N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s

A v e r a g e


N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s

A v e r a g e


N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s

A v e r a g e


N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s

A v e r a g e


N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s

A v e r ag e


C u t t e r s a n d m a r k e r s 3 ----------------------------- 47 $ 4 . 47 71 $ 3 .9 9 107 $ 5 . 16 1 ,0 9 7 $ 5 . 39 9 1 8 $ 5 .4 7 179 $ 5 . 01 60 $ 5 . 23 62 $ 5 . 37 57 $ 4 .4 1 30 $ 4 . 05I n s p e c t o r s , f in a l ( e x a m in e r s ) -------------- - - 30 2 . 60 28 2. 42 179 4 . 19 83 4 . 28 96 4 . 11 20 3. 28 18 3. 43 18 2. 63 17 2. 43

M en _ > _ _ - - 128 4 . 58 66 4 . 36 62 4 . 82 - - 7 4 . 12 - - - -W o m e n ------------------------------------------------ _ _ 26 2. 41 28 2. 42 51 3. 21 - - 34 2 . 84 - - 11 2 99 12 2 . 26 14 2. 40

P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g 3 --------------------------------- 6 2 . 80 30 2 . 11 58 2 . 28 741 2. 70 737 2. 70 - - - - - - 13 2. 47 - -P r e s s e r s , h a n d ---------------------------------------- 36 3. 87 63 3. 34 85 3. 17 641 4. 61 - - 611 4. 53 188 3 .4 1 119 3. 54 - - 30 3. 13

M e n ------------------------------------------------------ 13 5. 07 _ _ 43 3. 80 595 4. 75 - - 565 4. 67 160 3. 40 84 3. 83 - - - -W o m e n ------------------------------------------------ 23 3. 19 63 3. 34 42 2. 52 46 2. 83 - - 46 2. 83 28 3 .4 9 35 2. 85 - - 27 3. 16

P r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e 3 ------------------------------ 17 6 . 47 60 4. 50 112 4 . 77 663 5. 48 31 5. 25 632 5 .4 9 186 4 . 70 155 4. 51 50 5. 73 14 4. 92P r e s s e r s , h a n d a n d m a c h in e ------------- 6 4 . 19 - - 35 4 . 75 359 5. 72 114 5. 73 245 5. 72 •92 4 .4 2 21 6 . 12 26 4 . 87 - -S e w e r s , h a n d ( f i n i s h e r s ) ----------------------- 119 2. 97 173 2 . 79 213 2 . 69 2 ,9 9 5 3. 35 756 3. 76 2 , 239 3. 22 609 2 . 89 351 2 . 8 6 114 2. 97 - -

M e n ------------------------------------------------------ _ - - - - - 238 3. 88 176 3. 90 62 3. 83 16 3 .9 9 - - - - - -W o m e n ------------------------------------------------- 119 2. 97 173 2 . 79 207 2 . 68 2, 751 3. 31 580 3. 72 2 , 177 3. 20 593 2 . 8 6 351 2 . 8 6 113 2. 94 " -

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t i o ns y s t e m --------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 3. 67 622 2 .9 3 631 3. 09 4 , 761 3. 67 137 4 . 87 4 , 624 3. 63 2 , 515 3. 24 1 ,7 6 6 3. 24 453 3. 31 - -

M e n ------------------------------------------------------ _ _ _ _ 17 3. 95 471 4 . 43 98 5 .0 1 373 4 . 28 177 3. 75 35 4. 07 - - - -W o m e n ------------------------------------------------- 151 3. 50 620 2. 93 614 3. 06 4 , 290 3. 58 - - 4 , 251 3. 58 2 , 338 3. 20 1 ,7 3 1 3. 23 444 3. 26 * - -

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s in g l e -h a n d ( ta i lo r ) s y s t e m -------------- ------------- 55 3. 96 - - 231 3. 58 2 ,4 6 6 4 . 21 490 5. 02 1 ,9 7 6 4 . 01 - - - - 173 2. 64

M e n ------------------------------------------------------ 28 4 . 24 - - 44 4 . 27 1, 123 4. 89 427 5. 02 6 9 6 4 . 81 - - - - - - - -W o m e n -------------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ 187 3. 41 1 ,3 4 3 3. 64 63 5. 02 1 ,2 8 0 3. 57 - - - - - - 173 2. 64

T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) 4 --------------- 15 2. 35 13 2. 84 58 1 .9 0 439 2. 44' '

439 2. 44 127 2. 25 17 2 . 21

1 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .2 I n c lu d e s jo b b in g s h o p s p e r f o r m i n g s o m e m a n u f a c tu r in g o p e r a t io n s , in a d d i t io n to r e g u l a r ( in s id e ) s h o p s .3 A l l ( o r v i r t u a l l y a ll ) w o r k e r s in n e a r l y a l l a r e a s w e r e m e n .4 A l l ( o r v i r t u a l l y a l l ) w o r k e r s in n e a r l y a l l a r e a s w e r e w o m e n .

N O T E : D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta t h a t do n o t m e e t p u b l ic a t io n c r i t e r i a .


T a b le 3. O ccupational earnings: Chicago, III.1

(N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n i n g s 2 of p ro d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)

N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a ig h t - - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of

O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x of h o u r ly 2 $ 1 . 60 $1. 65 $1. 70 $1. 75 $ 1 . 80 $1. 85 $1. 90 $1. 95 $2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 $2 . 20 $2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $2. 50 $2 . 60 $ 2 . 80 $3. 00 $3. 20 $3. 40 $3. 60 $3. 80 $4. 00 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .8 0 $5. 20 $ 5 .6 0w o r k e r s e a r n in g s

u n d e ran d

$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 ,7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 .8 5 $1. 90 $ 1 ,9 5 $2 . 00 $2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2. 50 $2 . 60 $2 . 80 $ 3 .0 0 $3. 20 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $4. 00 $ 4 .4 0 $4. 80 $5. 20 $5. 60 o v e r

A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ______ 712 $3. 35 13 6 12 12 8 28 6 4 28 36 30 20 30 37 48 31 38 37 45 33 19 61 27 27 21 55W o m e n _____________________ 552 3. 07 11 5 10 9 6 26 6 3 24 36 26 19 29 33 47 23 29 35 39 27 11 29 19 10 14 26M e n -------------------------------------- 160 4 . 30 2 1 2 3 2 2 " 1 4 - 4 1 1 4 1 8 9 2 6 6 8 32 8 17 7 329

S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io no c c u p a t io n s

C u t t e r s a n d m a r k e r s ( a l lm e n ) _________________________ 47 4 .4 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 3 - 3 19 4 10 5 2

30 4 ™ 1 3 2 13 2 7 2I im e ——---------— ————-P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ( a l l

m e n )4 _______________________ 6 2 . 80 - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 2 - - - - - - - -

P r e s s e r s , h a n d —............... ............ 36 3. 87 _ - - - 1 1 - - 1 - - 1 - 1 4 1 4 3 4 2 - 4 1 1 1 56W o m e n ______________________________ 23 3. 19 _ _ - _ 1 1 - - 1 - - 1 - 1 4 1 1 3 3 2 - 2 1 - 1 -

I n c e n t iv e ______________________ 19 3. 31 - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 - 1 4 1 1 1 3 2 - 2 1 - 1 -

M e n ( a l l i n c e n t iv ew^nrlf iar 13 5 07 3 1 2 1 6

P r o ceo re m a 17 6 47 3 2 2 1 69

M e n ( a l l in c e n t iv emnrlfAr ft) 14 6 . 67 3 2 1 8

P r e s s e r s , h a n d a n d m a c h in e( a l l m e n ) ( a l l in c e n t iv ew o r k e r s ) _____________________________ 6 4 . 19 3 2 - 1 - -

S e w e r s , h a n d ( f i n i s h e r s)( a l l w o m e n )________________________ 119 2 .9 7 - - - - - 4 - 1 3 17 4 12 13 14 15 3 2 7 5 2 1 4 - 3 2 1

T i m e ___________________________ 44 2. 37 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 15 - 6 12 4 7 - - - - - - - - - - -

I n c e n t iv e _____________-— ____ 75 3. 33 - - - - - 4 - 1 3 2 4 6 1 10 8 3 2 7 5 2 1 4 - 3 2 7S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,

s e c t i o n s y s t e m ---------------------- 168 3. 67 3 - 1 - 2 1 2 - 3 7 6 2 9 4 6 5 15 12 16 9 8 11 15 5 10 16W o m e n ___________________„_ 151 3. 50 3 _ 1 _ 2 1 2 - 3 7 6 2 8 4 6 5 13 12 16 8 8 11 14 3 8 8

In c e n t iv e ________________ 141 3. 58 _ - - - 2 - 2 - 3 7 6 2 8 4 6 5 10 12 15 7 8 11 14 3 8 8S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,

s in g l e h a n d ( ta i lo r )s y s t e m _______________________ 55 3 .9 6 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 3 2 10 1 2 8 5 2 8 3 2 1 77

M e n __________________________________ 28 4 . 24 2 - 7 1 - 2 - - 6 3 2 - 5I n c e n t iv e ____________________ 20 4 . 19 2 - 7 1 - 1 - - 3 - 1 - 5

T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s )( a l l w o m e n ) _________________________ 15 2. 35 - 2 1 - - 2 - - 2 - 1 - 3 - - 1 1 - 2 - - - - - - -

T i m e ------------------------------------------ 9 2 .0 4 _ 2 1 - - 2 - - 2 - - - 1 - - - 1I n c e n t iv e ______________________ 6 2 .8 1 1 “ 2 “ " 1 “ ” 2 “ ' ' ‘ '1 T h e C h ic a g o S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S ta t i s t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f C o o k , D u P a g e , K a n e , L a k e , M cH en ry , and W ill C o u n tie s .2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and la te s h i f t s .3 W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 6 at $5. 60 to $6; 2 a t $6 to $6. 40; 7 a t $6. 40 to $6. 80; 6 at $6. 80 to $7. 20; and 8 at $7. 20 and o v e r .4 I n s u f f ic ie n t d ata to w a r r a n t p u b lica tio n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t, p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s .* W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo l lo w s : 1 a t $6 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 3 a t $6. 40 to $6. 80; and 2 at $6 . 80 to $7 . 20 .4 W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 1 a t $ 6 .8 0 to $ 7 .2 0 ; 2 a t $7. 20 to $ 7 .6 0 ; 2 a t $ 7 .6 0 to $8; 2 at $ 9 .6 0 to $10; and 2 a t $10 to $ 1 0 .4 0 .7 W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 4 a t $ 6 .4 0 to $ 6 .8 0 a n d 3 at $ 6 .8 0 to $ 7 .2 0 .


T a b le 4. O ccupational earnings: Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.1

( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)

N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s o f—

O c c u p a tio n a n d s e xiNum Der

ofw o r k e r s

A v e r a g e h o u r ly 2

e a r n i n g s

$ 1 . 60 an d

u n d e r $1. 65

$1. 65

$1. 70

$1. 70

$1. 75

$1. 75

$ 1 . 80

$ 1 .8 0

$ 1 .8 5

$1. 85

$1 . 90

$ 1 . 90

$ 1 .9 5

$T 79^

$2 . 00

$2 . 00

$2 . 10

$2 . 10

$2 . 20

$2 . 20

$2. 30

$2. 30

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .4 0

$2. 50

$2. 50

$2 . 60

$2 . 60

$2. 70

$2. 70

$2 . 80

$2 . 80

$3 . 00

$3. 00

$3. 20

$3 7 2 0

$ 3 .4 0

$3. 40

$3. 60

$3. 60

$3. 80

$3. 80

$4. 00

$4. 00

$4. 40

$4. 40

$4. 80

$4. 80

$5. 20

$5. 20

a n d

o v e r

A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____ 1, 585 $ 2 .8 9 21 7 17 4 13 7 6 48 76 161 187 8 6 85 82 83 157 114 104 65 33 46 81 52 29 21W o m e n _____________________ 1 ,4 0 3 2. 84 17 _ 6 4 4 10 7 5 40 69 147 172 82 82 77 81 145 109 1 00 63 32 40 46 31 21 13M e n _________________________ 182 3. 30 4 - 1 13 - 3 - 1 8 7 14 15 4 3 5 2 12 5 4 2 1 6 35 21 8 8


C u t t e r s a n d m a r k e r s _________ 71 3. 99 _ _ _ _ . - _ _ 2 1 8 _ - - - - - 1 1 - - 2 38 15 3 -W o m e n ( a l l t i m e -

w o r k e r s ) __________________ 19 2 . 91 _ - - - - - - - 2 1 8 - - - - - - 1 1 - - - 6 - - -M e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ------ 52 4 . 38 2 32 15 3 -

I n s p e c t o r s , f in a l( e x a m in e r s ) __________________ 30 2 . 60 2 9 5 5 4 - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 2 - -

W o m e n ( a l l t i m e -w o r k e r s ) __________________ 26 2. 41 2 9 5 4 4 - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - -

P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ___________ 30 2 . 11 1 - - 8 - 2 - - 1 - 8 8 - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - -W o m e n ( a l l t i m e -

w o r k e r s ) __________________ 11 2. 25 1 3 6 - 1P r e s s e r s , h a n d ( a l l

w o m e n )_______________________ 63 3. 34 _ 1 3 2 4 3 3 6 8 10 9 - 2 3 6 3 -I n c e n t iv e ________________ 6 2 3. 36 1 2 2 4 3 3 6 8 10 9 - 2 3 6 3 -

P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e _________ 60 4 . 50 2 1 - - 1 4 - 1 3 6 4 5 6 9 318W o m e n ( a l l t i m e -

w o r k e r s ) __________________ 42 4 . 26 - 2 1 - - 1 4 - 1 3 6 3 3 3 5 10M e n _________________________ 18 5. 09 1 2 3 4 8

I n c e n t iv e ________________ 17 5. 15 - 2 3 4 8S e w e r s , h a n d ( f i n i s h e r s )

( a l l w n m fin ) 173 2. 79 2 _ 1 _ _ _ 1 1 8 22 15 15 5 8 11 7 14 19 18 8 3 10 1 3 1 _I n c e n t iv e ________________ 161 2 . 82 2 _ 1 _ - _ 1 1 8 18 15 9 5 6 11 7 14 19 18 8 3 10 1 3 1 -

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,s e c t io n s y s t e m ---------------------- 6 2 2 2. 93 _ _ - 3 2 5 3 2 17 4 8 84 42 47 41 47 80 63 57 34 17 18 2 6 12 9 1

W o m e n _____________________ 6 2 0 2. 93 _ - - 3 2 5 3 2 16 4 8 84 42 47 41 47 79 63 57 34 17 18 2 6 12 9 1T i m e ______ _________ 18 3. 01 - 1 - 4 1 1 3 3 2 1 - 1 1 - - -I n c e n t iv e ________________ 602 2. 93 _ - _ 3 2 5 3 2 16 4 8 83 42 43 40 46 76 60 55 33 17 17 25 12 9 1

T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s )1 3 2 . 84 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

I n c e n t iv e ________________ 12 2 . 89 2 2 - - 1 - 1 1 1 2 - - 1 1 - - -

1 T h e K a n s a s C i ty S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s i s t s of C a s s , C la y , J a c k s o n , a n d P l a t t e C o u n t ie s , M o. ; a n d J o h n s o n a n d W y a n d o tte C o u n t ie s , K a n s .2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 10 a t $5. 20 to $5. 60; 4 a t $5. 60 to $6 ; 3 a t $6 to $6 . 4 0 ; a n d 1 a t $6 . 40 to $6 . 8 0 .


T ab le 5. O ccupational earnings: Los A ngeles—Long Beach, C a lif.1

( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)

O c c u p a t io n a n d s e xN u m b e r

ofw o r k e r s

A v e ra g eh o u r ly

e a r n in g s 2

N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f—

$1.6 5 $1.70 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $4 .40 $4 .8 0 $5 .2 0 $5 .60an d an d

$1 .70 $1.75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $4 .4 0 $4 .8 0 $5 .20 $5 .6 0 o v e r

2 , 162 $ 3 . 19 97 29 33 18 35 19 32 83 65 83 65 83 1 2 2 131 153 151 125 173 119 76 106 103 69 10 0 671, 702 2 . 9 6 81 27 18 18 27 15 30 62 63 65 68 80 1 1 0 129 127 140 114 149 109 73 76 58 36 10 10

460 4. 07 16 2 8 ~ 8 4 2 21 2 18 2 23 12 2 26 11 11 24 10 3 30 45 33 90 3 57

107 5. 16 2 2 4 2 14 g 69105 5. 19 - - - _ _ _ _ - - _ _ - _ 2 _ - - _ 4 _ 2 14 6 69 8101 5. 26 - - - - - - - - - - - “ - - - - - 4 - - 14 6 69 8

2. 42

2 . 28

8

14

2 g 6 2 4

58 8 4 2 8 12 4 685 3. 17 - - - - 3 - - - 11 4 11 3 3 . 12 2 1 20 _ _ 5 _ _ 8 242 2. 52 - - - 3 _ _ _ 11 _ 11 2 3 _ 4 2 _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _26 2 . 68 - - - - 3 - - - 3 . 3 2 3 _ 4 2 - 6 _ _ . . _ _ -43 3. 80 - - - - - - - - - 4 - 1 - - 8 - 1 14 - 5 - _ 8 225 3. 26 - - - - - - _ - _ 4 _ 1 _ _ 4 _ 1 10 _ _ 5 _ _ _ _18 4. 53

4. 774 4 g

1 1 2 _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ 3 _ _ 4 11 _ 9 6 3 7 10 15 8 5 3326 3. 17 - - - _ _ - _ _ _ 3 _ 1 _ _ _ 11 _ 5 6 _ _ _ _ _ _25 3. 20 - - - - - - _ _ _ 3 - 1 - _ - 11 _ 5 6 _ _ _ _ _ _8 6 5. 25 2 4 - 4 - - 4 - 3 7 10 15 8 3335 4. 75 2 2 2 4 6 11 2 6 62114

213

4. 65 4 q i

2 2 11 24 4 2 4

2 . 69 14 4 _ 4 _ 4 4 _ 19 8 8 18 21 31 13 15 12 23 4 1 6 _207 2 . 68 12 4 - 4 - 4 4 - 19 8 8 18 21 31 13 15 12 23 4 1 6 - - - -

57105

2. 35 2 . 81

2 4 4 811

4 144

1110

823

210 4 - - 4 11 - 8 4 11 15 12 32 4 1 6 - - - -

631 3. 10 7 4 5 6 13 7 6 18 9 22 15 20 39 43 65 77 79 49 50 43 25 16 10 7 _614 3. 07 7 4 5 6 13 7 6 18 9 20 15 20 39 43 65 75 73 49 48 43 23 13 8 5 >567 3. 11 7 4 5 6 9 7 6 7 9 18 15 18 21 42 65 75 73 49 48 34 23 13 8 5 -

17 3. 95 - - - - - - - _ _ 2 _ _ _ - _ 2 2 _ 2 . 3 3 2 2 _13

231

4 1 ?. 2 2 2 2 1 2 2

3. 58 6 8 6 8 10 8 4 6 6 18 6 18 20 17 29 37 22 2187 3. 41 6 - - _ 8 - 4 - 8 _ 10 8 4 6 6 18 2 16 16 17 23 23 12 - _

4440

58

4. 27 4 . 37

1. 90

2 4 2 4 g 1414

1010

22 2 4 g 2

18 6 12 4 2 4 4 2 5 154 1. 84 18 6 12 4 - 2 4 4 - - 2 - - 1

A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s -W o m e n ------------------------M e n ------------------------------

S e l e c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s

C u t t e r s a n d m a r k e r s - M e n --------------------------

I n s p e c t o r s , f in a l ( e x a m in e r s ) ( a l l w o m e n ) 4 a / -

P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ( a l l m e n )( a l l t im e w o r k e r s ) -------------------------

P r e s s e r s , h a n d ---------------------- 1-------

I n c e n t iv e -------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------

T i m e - I n c e n t iv e -

P r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e - W o m e n -----------------

I n c e n t iv e -M e n ( a l l in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ------

P r e s s e r s , h a n d a n d m a c h in e ----------W o m e n 4b / -----------------------------------M e n 4 b / — -------------------------------------

S e w e r s , h a n d ( f i n i s h e r s ) -----------------W o m e n ------------------------------------------

T i m e ------------------------------I n c e n t iv e -----------------------

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,s e c t i o n s y s t e m ---------------------

W o m e n -------------------------------I n c e n t iv e -

M e n ---------------I n c e n t iv e -----------------------------------

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r ss in g le h a n d ( t a i l o r ) s y s t e m ------------

W o m e n ( a l l in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) - M e n -------------------------------------------------

I n c e n t iv e -----T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s )

( a l l w o m e n ) ----------------------------

1 T h e L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s i s t s o f L o s A n g e le s C o u n ty .2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t im e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 24 a t $ 5 . 60 to $ 6 ; 12 a t $ 6 to $ 6 . 40 ; 15 a t $ 6 . 80 to $ 7. 20; a n d 6 a t $ 7. 20 a n d o v e r .4 I n s u f f ic i e n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b l ic a t i o n of s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t ; (a ) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s .5 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 14 a t $ 5 . 60 to $ 6 ; 13 a t $ 6 . 80 to $ 7 . 20; a n d 6 a t $ 7 . 20 a n d o v e r .6 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 4 a t $ 5 . 60 to $ 6 , a n d 2 a t $ 6 to $ 6 . 40 .


T a b le 6. O ccupational earnings: N ew York, N .Y .1----- All shops

( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a t io n s i n w o m e n 's a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)

O c c u p a tio n a n d s e xN u m b e r

o fw o r k e r s

A v e r a g eh o u r ly

e a r n i n g ^

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s o f—

$ 1 .8 0an d

u n d e r$ 1 .9 0

$ 1 . 9 0

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 1 0

$ 2 . 1 0

$ 2 . 2 0

$ 2 . 2 0

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 . 6 0

$ 2 .6 0

$ 2 .8 0

$ 2 .8 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .2 0

$ 3 .2 0

$ 3 .4 0

$ 3 .4 0

$ 3 .6 0

$ 3 .6 0

$ 3 .8 0

$ 3 .8 0

$ 4 .0 0

$ 4 .0 0

$ 4 .2 0

$ 4 .2 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .6 0

$ 4 .6 0

$ 4 .8 0

$ 4 .8 0

$ 5 .0 0

$ 5 .0 0

$ 5 .4 0

$ 5 .4 0

$ 5 .8 0

$ 5 .8 0

$ 6 . 2 0

$ 6 . 2 0

$ 6 . 6 0

$ 6 .6 0

$ 7 .0 0

$ 7 .0 0

$ 7 .4 0

$ 7 .4 0

an d

o v e r

1 8 , 940 $ 3 . 75 329 121 282 348 1,438 1,337 1,065 1 ,200 1,337 991 1,305 1,151 1,031 832 8 1 6 728 620 67 6 1471 8 2 9 ' 238 293 185 118 2 0 61 1 , 659 3. 34 2 2 2 85 178 1 9 0 1,202 1,044 774 891 1,044 783 1,020 913 826 593 500 318 294 250 2 9 0 12 2 56 45 32 12 9

M e n -------------------------------------------------- 7, 281 4 . 40 107 36 104 158 236 320 291 309 ' 293 20 8 285 238 205 239 316 41 0 326 426 1181 707 182 24 8 153 106 197


C u t t e r s a n d m a r k e r s ------------------------ 1, 097 5 . 39 _ _ _ _ - 3 9 6 12 3 - 3 3 15 16 33 32 103 434 1 6 8 76 97 46 11 27W o m e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ---------- 33 3 .4 9 - - - - - 3 9 - 9 - - 3 3 - - - - - 3 3 - - - - -IvICH. 1, 064 5 .4 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 3 3 _ - - 15 16 33 32 103 431 165 76 97 46 11 27

1, 056 5 .4 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 3 3 - - - 15 13 33 32 103 429 1 6 2 76 97 46 11 27I n s p e c t o r s , f in a l ( e x a m i n e r s ) --------- 179 4 . 19 - - - 2 9 2 15 2 3 3 6 7 12 21 2 0 15 18 5 30 3 - 6 - - -

W o m e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ---------- 51 3. 21 - - - 2 9 2 9 2 3 3 6 7 3 6 3 - 3 - - - - - - - -M e n ( a l l t im e w o r k e r s ) ---------------- 128 4 . 58 - - - - - - 6 - - - - 7 9 15 17 15 15 5 30 3 - 6 - - -

P a c k e r s , s h ip p i n g ----------------------------- 741 2. 70 52 24 2 0 69 63 104 93 125 80 42 2 2 5 18 - 18 6 - - - - - - - - -W o m e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ---------- 54 2 . 36 18 6 - - 6 6 12 6 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -M e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ---------------- 687 2. 72 34 18 2 0 69 57 98 93 119 6 8 42 2 2 5 18 - 18 6 - - - - - - - - -

P r e s s e r s , h a n d --------------------------------- 641 4 . 61 - - 5 - 15 18 7 11 37 28 67 39 2 0 2 6 24 43 9 58 75 64 1 9 24 27 34W o m e n -------------------------------------------- 46 2 . 83 - - 3 - 8 15 - 3 2 6 1 6 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -

T im e ----------------------------------------- 17 2 . 38 - - 3 - 8 3 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 3. 09 _ _ _ _ _ 12 - - 2 6 1 6 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -

M e n -------------------------------------------------- 595 4 . 75 _ _ 2 _ 7 3 7 8 35 22 6 6 33 2 0 25 23 43 9 58 75 64 1 9 24 27 34T i m e ----------------------------------------- 244 3. 88 _ _ 2 _ 7 3 7 8 14 9 42 33 18 16 2 0 31 6 10 18 - - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 551 5. 35 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 13 24 - 2 9 3 12 3 4 8 57 64 1 9 24 27 34

P r e s s e r s m a c h in e -------------------------- 663 5 .4 8 _ _ _ _ _ 3 2 9 3 12 15 17 18 17 3 32 47 41 74 174 59 31 39 28 39M e n -------------------------------------------------- 654 5 .4 9 _ _ _ _ _ 3 2 9 3 12 15 17 18 14 3 32 47 41 6 8 174 59 31 39 28 39

T i m e ----------------------------------------- 182 4 . 83 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 7 3 10 7 9 5 8 2 23 24 17 27 23 3 3 - 3 6I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 47 2 5 . 72 - - - - - 3 - 3 - 2 8 8 13 6 1 9 23 24 41 151 56 28 39 25 33

P r e s s e r s , h a n d a n d m a c h in e( a l l m e n ) ------------------------------------------- 359 5 . 72 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 3 3 5 9 19 2 0 15 109 76 8 12 13 22 345

T i m e ----------------------------------------- 1 2 6 4 . 98 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 3 3 5 3 19 8 15 31 37 2 - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 233 6 . 12 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - 12 - 78 39 6 12 13 22 45

S e w e r s , h a n d ( f i n i s h e r s ) ----------------- 2, 995 3. 35 22 6 44 18 2 1 6 178 22 1 2 0 8 347 2 21 45 8 276 250 1 9 8 128 75 64 32 26 - 7 - - - -W o m e n -------------------------------------------- 2, 757 3. 31 22 6 32 18 2 1 6 178 22 1 205 344 217 426 236 213 161 95 54 52 30 24 - 7 - - - -

T i m e ----------------------------------------- 1. 271 3. 23 4 _ 32 _ 95 59 67 124 207 99 279 101 99 63 21 9 12 - - - - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 1, 4 8 6 3. 37 18 6 _ 18 121 119 154 81 137 118 147 135 114 98 74 45 4 0 30 24 - 7 - - - -

M e n ------------------------------------------------- 2 3 8 3. 88 _ _ 12 _ _ - - 3 3 4 32 40 37 37 33 21 12 2 2 - - - - - -

T i m e ----------------------------------------- 157 3. 85 - - 12 - - - - - - 4 32 14 16 34 2 0 15 6 2 2 - - - - - -

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t i o ns y s t e m ----------------------------------------------- 4 , 761 3. 67 35 14 28 47 1 6 8 303 276 331 367 274 4 2 3 508 506 287 2 9 2 194 197 138 176 71 45 54 21 3 3

W o m e n -------------------------------------------- 4, 290 3. 58 35 14 28 47 162 288 264 318 364 2 6 8 4 0 8 484 459 252 2 6 0 133 134 94 139 52 26 37 21 3 -

T im e ----------------------------------------- 1 , 6 2 0 3. 38 16 _ 2 8 5 8 117 130 164 182 94 165 232 195 108 66 38 12 12 9 12 - - - - -

I n c e n t i v e ----------------------------------- 2, 670 3. 71 19 14 26 39 104 171 134 154 182 174 234 252 264 144 194 95 1 22 82 130 4 0 26 37 21 3 -

M e n -------------------------------------------------- 471 4 . 43 _ _ _ 6 15 12 13 3 6 15 24 47 35 32 61 63 44 37 19 19 17 - - 3T i m e ----------------------------------------- 267 4 . 16 _ _ _ _ 3 9 6 2 3 6 6 24 41 24 2 6 49 42 10 13 3 - - - - -

I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 204 4 . 79 - - - - 3 6 6 11 - - 9 - 6 11 6 12 21 34 24 16 19 17 - - 3S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s in g l e -

h a n d ( ta i l o r ) s y s t e m ---------------------- 2, 4 6 6 4. 21 3 _ 17 17 69 130 95 131 115 156 115 I l l 65 12 2 178 1 9 8 163 167 303 158 24 45 27 18 39W o m e n -------------------------------------------- 1, 343 3. 64 3 _ 17 17 6 0 105 89 113 103 121 85 94 51 73 81 79 70 75 59 27 12 - % 6 3 -

T i m e ----------------------------------------- 357 4 . 30 _ _ _ 6 6 . 6 12 8 26 18 18 31 42 60 34 52 19 19 - - - - -

I n c e n t i v e ----------------------------------- 986 3. 40 3 _ 17 17 54 99 89 107 91 113 59 76 33 42 39 19 36 23 40 8 12 - 6 3 -

M e n ------------------------------------------------- 1, 123 4 . 89 _ _ _ _ 9 25 6 18 12 35 30 17 14 49 97 119 93 92 244 131 12 45 21 15 39T i m e ----------------------------------------- 5 5 3 4 . 85 _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ - - 18 6 - - 16 64 74 51 44 173 89 6 - 6 - -

I n c e n t i v e ----------------------------------- 570 4 . 93 - - - - 9 19 6 18 12 17 24 17 14 33 33 45 42 4 8 71 42 6 45 15 15 39T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) ---------- 4 3 9 2 .4 4 18 16 17 13 2 1 6 54 26 1 8 23 2 0 3 12 - - - 3 - - - - - - - - -

W o m e n ------------------------------------------- 4 2 7 2. 43 18 16 17 13 2 1 6 4 8 26 18 17 2 0 3 12 - - - 3 - - - - - - - - -T i m e ----------------------------------------- 3 5 8 2 . 39 18 15 15 12 181 4 8 21 9 15 12 - 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------------- 69 2. 64 “ 1 2 1 35 " 5 9 2 8 “ " - 3 ■ " “ " ■

1 T h e N ew Y o rk S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s i s t s of N ew Y o rk C i ty (B ro n x , K in g s , N ew Y o rk , Q u e e n s , a n d R ic h m o n d C o u n tie s ) , N a s s a u , R o c k la n d , S u ffo lk , a n d W e s t c h e s t e r C o u n t ie s .2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a te s h i f t s , '< '■ >3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 30 a t - $ 7 .4 0 to $ 7 . 80; 3 a t $ 9 to $ 9 .4 0 ; a n d 12 a t $ 1 0 .2 0 $ 1 0 . 60 . ..* " ‘ V


T ab le 7. O ccupational earnings: N ew York, N .Y .1----- Regular and jobbing shops( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f p ro d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A uguaij$1970)

N u m b e r of -w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of- — w

O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x of h o u r ly $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .4 0 $ 5 .8 0 $ 6 . 2 0 $ 6 .6 0 $ 7 .0 0 $ 7 .4 0w o r k e r s e a rn in g s * u n d e r - an d

$ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 : $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .4 0 $ 5 .8 0 $ 6 . 2 0 $ 6 . 6 0 $ 7 .0 0 $ 7 .4 0 o v e r

A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ----------------- 4, 596 $ 4 . 12 115 33 47 148 131 188 197 250 283 177 262 228 173 171 187 221 157 221 719 284 106 11 0 72 39 77W o m e n ------------------------------------------- 996 3. 67 33 9 4 15 26 20 25 58 90 54 129 125 82 92 45 61 31 37 39 6 12 _ _ 3 _M e n --------------------------------------------- 3, 600 4. 24 82 24 43 133 105 168 172 192 193 123 133 103 91 79 142 1 60 126 184 680 278 94 n o 72 36 77


C u t t e r s a n d m a r k e r s ---------------------- 9 1 8 5. 47 13 8 21 26 97 413 136 60 63 46 8 279 1 2 5. 47 13 21 26 q n L A L 'i A L 277 ( DU 45 8

T im e ---------------------------------------- 9 0 6 5. 47 13 5 21 26 97 410 130 60 63 46 8 27I n s p e c t o r s , f in a l ( e x a m i n e r s ) ------ 83 4. 28 - - - - - - 6 2 - 3 - 7 6 12 18 3 3 5 15 3 _ _ _ _ _

M e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ------------- 6 6 4. 36 - - - - - - 6 - _ _ _ 7 6 6 15 3 _ 5 15 3 _ _ _ _ _P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ----------------------- — 737 2. 70 52 24 20 69 59 104 93 125 80 42 22 5 18 18 6

W o m e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ------- 54 2. 36 18 6 6 6 6 12M e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ------------- 683 2. 73 34 18 20 69 53 98 93 119 68 42 22 5 18 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e ( a l l m e n ) ------ 31 5. 25 - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 _ _ _ _ 6 3 6 3 3 _ _ _ 3 4T im e -------------------------------------------------------- 27 4 .8 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ 6 3 6 3 3 _ _ _

P r e s s e r s , h a n d a n d m a c h in e( a l l m e n ) ------------------------------------------------------- 114 5. 73 2 12 _ 35 31 2 _ 4 22 6

T im e ------------------------------------------------------- 46 5. 37 - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ 2 _ _ 11 31 2 _ _ _ _68 5. 98 12 24 Lo

S e w e r s , h a n d ( f i n i s h e r s ) -------------------- 756 3. 76 - - - - 3 8 12 27 58 39 155 133 91 1 0 0 38 48 15 15 14 _ _ _ _ _ _W o m e n ----------------------------------------- 580 3. 72 - - - - • 3 8 12 24 55 35 123 93 62 75 17 33 15 13 12 _ _ _ _ _ _

T i m e ---------------------------------------- 2 2 0 3. 64 - - - - - - 6 5 35 14 62 12 20 48 9 3 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _I n c e n t iv e --------------------------------- 360 3. 76 - - - - 3 8 6 19 20 21 61 81 42 27 8 30 9 13 12 _ _ _ _ _ _

M e n ----------------------------------------------------------------- 176 3. 90 - - - - - - - 3 3 4 32 40 29 25 21 15 _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _T im e -------------------------------------------------------- 109 3. 94 4 32 14 10 22 8 15 _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,s e c t i o n s y s t e m ----------------------------------------- 137 4. 87 3 9 - 18 31 21 19 10 2 10 14 _ - _

98 5. 01 3 5 6 19 21 10 10 1469 4 . 56 3 5 6 19 21

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,s in g l e h a n d ( t a i l o r ) s y s t e m --------- 490 5. 02 21 18 9 3 15 53 73 44 33 92 39 24 30 15 6 15

63 5. 02 2 10 14 10 12 12M e n ----------------------------------------------- 427 5. 02 - - - - - - - - - 21 18 9 3 13 43 59 34 33 80 39 12 30 15 3 15

T im e -------------------------------------------------------- 223 4 .8 3 18 6 _ _ 4 16 32 31 12 68 24 6 _ 6 _ _I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------------------------- 204 5. 22 " " ■ - - ~ - 3 12 9 3 9 27 27 3 21 12 15 6 30 9 3 15

1 T h e N e w Y o r k S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s i s t s o f N ew Y o rk C i ty ( B r o n x , K in g s , N ew Y o r k , Q u e e n s , a n d R ic h m o n d C o u n t ie s ) , N a s s a u , R o c k la n d , S u ffo lk , a n d W e s tc h e s t e r C o u n t ie s ,2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 2 a t $ 7 .8 0 to $ 8 .2 0 , a n d 2 a t $8 . 20 to $8 . 6 0 .4 I n s u f f ic i e n t d a ta t o w a r r a n t p u b l ic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t , p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s .


T ab le 8. O ccupational earnings: N ew York, N .Y .1 ----- Contract shops( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t an d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of----


o fw o r k e r s


e a rn in g s 2

$ 1 . 8 0an d

u n d e r$ 1 . 9 0

$ 1 .9 0

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 1 0

fZ T T J

$ 2 .2 0

f Z 7ZTT

$ 2 .4 0

p r w

$ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 .8 0

J T M

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .2 0

J T J J 5

$ 3 .4 0

J J A 0

$ 3 .6 0

$ 3 .6 0

$ 3 .8 0

$ 3 .8 0

$ 4 .0 0

J O U

$ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .6 0

f 4 ^ 0

$ 4 .8 0

T o u

$ 5 .0 0

$ 5 .0 0

$ 5 .4 0

$ 5 .4 0

$ 5 .8 0

J ^ 8 0

$ 6 . 2C

$ O o

$ 6 .6 0

$ 6 .6 0

$ 7 .0 0

$ 7 .0 0

$ 7 .4 0

$ 7 .4 0

an d

o v e r

A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ------------------ 14, 344 $ 3 . 63 214 88 235 2 00 L, 307 1, 142 8 6 8 950 1, 054 8 1 4 1, 043 923 858 661 629 507 463 455 752 545 132 183 113 79 129W o m e n ------------------------------------------- 10, 663 3. 31 189 76 174 175 L, 176 990 749 833 9 5 4 729 891 788 744 .501 455 257 263 213 251 1 1 6 44 45 32 9 9M e n ------------------------------------------------- 3, 681 4. 55 25 12 61 25 131 152 119 117 1 0 0 85 152 135 114 1 6 0 174 250 2 0 0 242 501 429 88 138 81 70 12 0


C u t t e r s a n d m a r k e r s ---------------------- 179 5. 01 _ _ _ _ _ 3 9 6 12 3 _ 3 3 2 8 12 6 6 21 32 16 34 - 3 -W o m e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ---------- 27 3. 06 - - - - - 3 9 - 9 - - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -M e n -------------------------------------------------- 152 5. 36 _ _ _ _ - _ - 6 3 3 - - - 2 8 12 6 6 21 32 16 34 - 3 -

T im e ----------------------------------------- 150 5. 36 _ - - - - - - 6 3 3 - - - 2 8 12 6 6 19 32 16 34 - 3 -I n s p e c t o r s , f in a l ( e x a m i n e r s ) -------- 96 4 . 11 - • - - 2 9 2 9 - 3 - 6 - 6 9 2 12 15 - 15 - - 6 - - -

W o m e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ---------- 34 2. 84 - - - 2 9 2 9 - 3 - 6 - - ■ - - - - - - - - - - - -M e n ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ---------------- 62 4. 82 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 9 2 12 15 - 15 - - 6 - - -

P r e s s e r s , h a n d --------------------------------- 611 4 . 53 - - 5 - 15 18 7 11 37 28 67 39 18 26 24 31 9 58 75 64 1 9 24 27 18W o m e n -------------------------------------------- 46 2. 83 - - 3 - 8 15 - 3 2 6 1 6 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -

I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 29 3. 09 _ - - - - 12 - - 2 6 1 6 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -M e n ------------------------------------------------- 565 4 . 67 _ _ 2 _ 7 3 7 8 35 22 6 6 33 18 25 23 31 9 58 75 64 1 9 24 27 18

T im e ----------------------------------------- 232 3 .8 4 _ _ 2 _ 7 3 7 8 14 9 42 33 18 16 20 19 6 10 18 - - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ------------------------------------ 333 5. 25 _ - - - - - - - 21 13 24 - - 9 3 12 3 48 57 64 1 9 24 27 18

P r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e --------------------------- 632 5. 49 _ _ - - _ 3 2 9 3 12 12 14 18 17 3 32 41 38 68 171 56 31 39 28 35M e n -------------------------------------------------- 623 5. 50 _ _ _ _ _ 3 2 9 3 12 12 14 18 14 3 32 41 38 68 171 56 31 39 28 35

T im e ----------------------------------------- 155 4 .8 3 _ _ - _ - - 2 7 3 10 4 6 5 8 2 23 18 14 21 20 - 3 - 3 6I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 468 5. 72 - - - - - 3 - 2 - 2 8 8 13 6 1 9 23 24 41 151 56 28 39 25 29

P r e s s e r s , h a n d a n d m a c h in e( a l l m e n ) ------------------------------------------ 245 5. 72 _ - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 5 9 17 8 15 74 45 6 12 9 - 3 39

T im e ----------------------------------------- 80 4 . 76 _ _ - - _ - - - - - - 3 3 5 9 17 8 15 2 0 6 - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 165 6 . 19 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - 54 39 6 12 9 - 39

S e w e r s , h a n d ( f i n i s h e r s ) ---------------- 2 , 239 3 . 21 22 6 44 18 213 170 209 181 289 182 303 143 159 98 90 27 49 17 12 - 7 - - - -W o m e n ——------------------—------—-------- 2, 177 3. 20 22 6 32 18 213 170 209 181 289 182 303 143 151 8 6 78 21 37 17 12 - 7 - - - -

T im e ----------------------------------------- 1, 051 3. 15 4 _ 32 - 95 59 61 119 172 85 217 89 79 15 12 6 6 - - - - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 1 , 126 3. 24 18 6 - 18 118 111 148 6 2 117 97 8 6 54 72 71 66 15 31 17 12 - 7 - - - -

M e n ------------------------------------------------ 62 3 .8 3 _ _ 12 _ - - - - - - - - 8 12 12 6 12 - - - - - - - -T i m e ------------------------------------------- 48 3-. 64 _ - 12 - - - - - - - - - 6 12 12 - 6 - - - - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 14 4 . 51 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - 6 6 - - - - - - - -

S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,s e c t i o n s y s t e m -------------------------------- 4 , 62 4 3. 63 35 14 28 47 168 303 276 331 367 274 423 505 497 287 274 163 176 119 166 69 35 40 21 3 3

q m e n —————————------- ——————— —-----— 4, 251 3. 58 35 14 28 47 1 6 2 288 264 318 364 268 408 48 4 456 252 248 121 134 82 139 52 26 37 21 3 -T im e ----------------------------------------- 1, 596 3. 37 16 _ 2 8 58 117 130 164 182 94 165 232 195 108 54 26 12 12 9 12 - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 2, 655 3. 70 19 14 26 39 104 171 134 154 182 174 243 252 261 144 194 95 1 2 2 70 130 40 26 37 21 3 -

M e n ------------------------------------------------ 373 4 . 28 _ - - - 6 15 12 13 3 6 15 21 41 35 26 42 42 37 27 17 9 3 - - 3iit"ie — —————— _ _ _ _ _————————————— 198 4 . 02 _ _ _ _ 3 9 6 2 3 6 6 21 35 24 20 30 21 3 6 - - - - - -

I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 175 4 . 58 - - - - 3 6 6 11 - - 9 - 6 11 6 12 21 34 21 14 9 3 - - 3S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,

s in g le h a n d ( t a i lo r ) s y s t e m ---------- 1 ,9 7 6 4 . 01 3 - 17 17 69 130 95 131 115 135 97 1 0 2 62 107 125 119 134 211 119 - 15 12 12 12 24W o m e n ------------------------------------------- 1 , 280 3. 57 3 _ 17 17 60 105 89 113 103 121 85 94 51 71 71 65 6 0 75 47 27 - . - 6 - -

T i m e ------------------------------------------- 327 4 . 28 _ - - - 6 6 - 6 12 8 26 18 18 29 35 46 27 52 19 19 - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 953 3. 33 3 _ 17 17 54 99 89 107 91 113 59 76 33 42 36 19 33 23 28 8 - - 6 - -

M e n -------------------------------------------------- 6 9 6 4 . 81 _ _ _ _ 9 25 6 18 12 14 12 8 11 36 54 6 0 59 59 164 92 - 15 6 12 24T im e ----------------------------------------- 330 4 . 87 _ _ - - - 6 - - _ - - - - 12 48 42 20 32 105 65 - - - - -I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------- 366 4 . 76 _ _ - _ 9 19 6 18 12 14 12 8 11 24 6 18 39 27 - 27 - 15 6 12 24

T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) ---------- 439 2 . 44 18 16 17 13 216 54 26 18 23 20 3 12 - - - 3 - - - - - - - - -W o m e n ------------------------------------------- 427 2. 43 18 16 17 13 2 1 6 48 26 18 17 20 3 12 - - - 3 - - - - - - - - -

T i m e ------------------------------------------- 358 2 . 39 18 15 15 12 181 48 21 9 15 12 - 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -I n c e n t i v e ------------------------------------ 69 2. 64 - 1 2 1 35 - 5 9 2 8 3 - - - - 3 - - - - - - - - "

1 T h e N ew Y o rk S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s i s t s o f N ew Y o rk C i ty ( B r o n x , K in g s , N ew Y o rk , Q u e e n s , a n d R ic h m o n d C o u n t ie s ) , N a s s a u , R o c k la n d , S u ffo lk , and W e s t c h e s t e r C o u n tie s .2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 24 a t $ 7 .4 0 to $ 7 .8 0 ; 3 a t $9 to $ 9 .4 0 ; a n d 12 a t $ 1 0 .2 0 to $ 1 0 .6 0 .


Tab le 9. O ccupational earnings: N ew ark and Jersey City, N.J.1

(N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)


o fw o r k e r s


e a r n in g s

$1.60an d

u n d e r$1 .6 5

£1765

$1.70

$1 .70

$1 .75

$ 1 .7 5

$ 1 .8 0

$ 1 .8 0

$ 1 .8 5

$ 1 .8 5

$1 .9 0

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of—$ 1.90

$ 1 .9 5

$ 1 .9 5

$2.00

$2.00

$ 2 .1 0 $2 .20

$2.20

$ 2 .3 0

$ 2 .3 0

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .5 0

$ 2 .5 0

$ 2 .6 0

$ 2 .6 0

$ 2 .8 0

$ 2 .8 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .2 0

$ 3 .2 0

$ 3 .4 0

$ 3 .4 0

$3 .6 0

$ 3 .6 0

$ 4 .0 0

$4 .0 0 $4 .4 0

4 .8 0

$4 .8 0

$5 .2 0

$5 .2 0

$ 5 .6 0

$5 .6 0

$6.00

$6 .0 0

an d

o v e r

M l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s -W o m e n -------------------------M e n ----------------------------- -

S e le c te d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s

5, 004 4, 013

991

$ 3 . 14 2 .9 7 3. 83

947717

181131

50

398367

31

210186

24

215202

13

311295

16

524440

84

376348

28

388328

60

428338

90

265196

69

364278

86

254165

198121

77

1347163

1425290

C u t t e r s a n d m a r k e r s ( a l l m e n ) ( a l l t im e w o r k e r s )

I n s p e c t o r s , f in a l( e x a m i n e r s ) -------------------------- --

W o m e n 4 a / ----------------------------P r e s s e r s , h a n d -------------------------

W o m e n 4 b / ----------------------------M e n ----------------------------------------

T i m e ---------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------

P r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e ------------------M e n ----------------------------------------

I n c e n t iv e - ”------------------------P r e s s e r s , h a n d a n d m a c h in e

( a l l m e n ) ----------------------------------

I n c e n t iv e --------------------------S e w e r s , h a n d ( f i n i s h e r s ) ---------

W o m e n ----------------------------------T i m e ---------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------

M e n % / ---------------------------------S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,

s e c t i o n s y s t e m ------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------

T i m e ---------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------

M e n ----------------------------------------T i m e ---------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------

T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r ^ — W o m e n ( a l l t im e w o r k e r s ) —

60 5. 23 7 8 6 5 10 4 3 20

2016

18828

160125

35186179106

73

3. 28 3. 11 3. 41 3. 49 3. 403. 214. 09 4. 70 4. 784. 215. 60

7 2 3 22 - 3 1 5 2 - 15 2 - 1

62

2

22

404

3634

2422

2 62 6

14 25

14 2510 16

4 92 52 52 1

4

232

2119

21111

92

1310

3353535

2

10 546 52 54

25 2725 2719 13

6 14

6

1212

75

- 5 6 11 6 2511 25

11 25

926032

609593330263

16

4. 42 3. 705. 79 2 . 89 2. 862. 583. 21 3. 99

11 2 11 2

4 4 10 114 4 10 11

4 6 104 - 4 1

4 8 13 174 8 13 17

7 3 164 1 10 1

343427

7

323226

6

595748

92

64645212

83835330

60603822

312

36361026

66

53531043

5 205 18

226 4026 3213 313 29

8

44

2016

412

4

12 13•6 76 6

10 1310 13

10 13

4 7 12

4 125 - 35 - 1

5 - 1- 3 2

2, 515 2, 338 1, 407

931 177 124

53 127 119

3. 24 3. 202 . 913. 65 3. 753. 584. 15 2. 25 2 . 18

8 6 8 6

8 6

2 152 10

10

212121

7 4 227 4 223 - 194 4 3

55554114

35352015

13 2 - 2 - 1013 2 - 2 - 10

3 63 6

1 0 0 7894 7366 5328 20

6 56 5

43 2043 20

76745717

2

21210

190183146

3775 26 6

299282216

661713

464

246246157

89

258245193

521311

2

264226165

61382216

164157

8374

734

231212

84128

1914

5

152140

36104

1284

1179921781814

4

61541440

77

4336

12 4910 37

3677

10 372 12 2 2 - 8 10

1 T h e N e w a rk a n d J e r s e y C ity S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s c o n s i s t of E s s e x , H u d so n , M o r r i s , a n d U n io n C o u n t ie s .2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t im e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .3 A l l w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 6 to $ 6 . 40.

I n s u f f ic i e n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b l ic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t ; (a ) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , a n d (b) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 2 a t $ 6 to $ 6 . 40, a n d 4 a t $ 6 . 80 to $ 7 . 20.

6 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 7 a t $ 6 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 10 a t $ 6 . 40 to $ 6 .8 0 ; a n d 8 a t $ 7 . 20 a n d o v e r .7 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 2 a t $ 6 to $ 6 . 40; 2 a t $ 6 . 40 to $ 6 . 80; 2 a t $ 7 . 20 to $ 7 . 60 a n d 6 a t $ 7 . 60 a n d o v e r .

W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 2 a t $ 6 . 40 to $ 6 . 80 ; 4 a t $ 6 . 80 to $ 7 . 2 0 ; a n d 4 a t $ 7 . 60 a n d o v e r .


T a b le 10. Occupational earnings: Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N .J.1

( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s ta b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)

N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of—

O cc u p a tio n and s e xN u m b er

ofw o r k e r s


e a r n in g s 2U nder

$ 1 .7 5

$ 0 5

$ 1 .80

$1 .80

$1 .85

$ 1 .85

$ 1 . 9 0

$1.90

$1.95

WJ5

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 1 0

$ 2 . 1 0

$ 2 . 2 0

$ 2 . 2 0

$ 2 .3 0

$ 2 .3 0

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .5 0

$ 2 .5 0

$ 2 .6 0

$ 2 . 6 0

$ 2 .8 0

$ 2 .8 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .2 0

$3 .2 0

$ 3 .4 0

$ 3 .4 0

$ 3 .6 0

$ 3 .6 0

$3 .8 0

$ 3 .8 0

$ 4 .0 0

$ 4 .0 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .8 0

$ 4 .8 0

$ 5 .2 0

$ 5 .2 0

$ 5 .6 0

$5 .6 0

$6 . 0 0

$6 . 0 0

$ 6 .40

$6 .4 0

and

o v er

A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ----------- 3, 538 $ 3 . 17 3 31 2 16 2 6 3 6 1 0 1 52 226 172 1 6 0 276 492 328 328 279 180 165 117 205 127 104 36 23 23 45W o m e n ---------------------------------- 2, 987 3. 03 26 2 14 14 2 5 85 40 215 166 152 245 470 304 295 241 148 135 87 136 81 60 2 1 26 6 1 1

551 3. 93 5 2 1 2 1 1 16 1 2 1 1 6 8 31 2 2 24 33 38 32 30 30 69 46 44 15 1 2 17 34

S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio no c c u p a t io n s

C u tte r s and m a r k e r s ( a l lm en ) ( a l l t im e w o r k e r s ) --------- 6 2 5. 37 3 1 0 5 18 9 4 5 4 8

I n s p e c to r s , f in a l( e x a m in e r s ) ----------------------------- 18 3. 43 - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - 1 - - - 1 4 6 - - - - - -

W o m e n (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) — 1 1 2 . 99 - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - 1 - - - - 4 - - - - - - -M en ( a l l t im e w o r k e r s ) ------- 7 4. 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 6 - - - - - -

P r e s s e r s , h a n d ------------------------- 119 3. 54 - - - - - - - - 2 1 1 9 18 8 17 13 6 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 - 4W o m en ( a l l t im e w o r k e r s )— 35 2. 85 - - - - - - - - 2 1 1 4 1 2 4 5 2 3 1

M e n ---------------------------------------- 84 3. 83 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 5 6 4 1 2 1 1 3 1 0 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 - 4T im e --------------------------------- 65 3. 47 - _ - - - - - - - - - 5 6 4 1 2 1 1 3 6 2 7 8 1 - - - -

P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e ------------------ 155 4. 51 1 3 - - 13 1 2 13 11 32 23 16 4 3 1 0 14M en ------------------------------------- 153 4. 53 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 - - 1 1 1 2 13 11 32 23 1 6 4 3 . 1 0 14

T im e --------------------------------- 119 4. 16 1 3 - - 7 1 2 13 1 0 28 2 2 16 4 3 - -I n c e n t iv e -------------------------- 34 5. 81 4 - - 1 4 1 - - - 1 0 514

P r e s s e r s , hand and2 1 6 . 1 2 2 1 4 2 4 6 8m a c n in e - .................19 6 . 47 1 4 2 4 8

T im e --------------------------------- 1 1 4. 45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 4 2 4 - - - -S e w e r s , hand ( f in i s h e r s )

( a l l w o m e n ) ------------------------------ 315 2 . 8 6 1 - 4 - - - 5 6 1 1 54 64 32 6 6 1 6 15 1 0 7 9 14 1 1 18 6 2 - - -T im e --------------------------------- 241 2. 54 1 - 2 - - - 1 6 1 1 50 57 28 60 15 5 4 - - - 1 - - - - - -I n c e n t iv e -------------------------- 1 1 0 3. 58 - - 2 - - - 4 - - 4 7 4 6 1 1 0 6 7 1 0 14 1 0 18 6 2 - - -

S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ,s e c t io n s y s t e m ------------------------ 1, 766 3. 24 1 - - - - - 2 5 30 28 28 157 311 231 236 194 124 no 67 1 0 1 42 47 17 , 2 2 6 7

W o m e n ------------------— -———— 1, 731 3. 23 1 _ _ _ - _ 2 5 30 28 28 157 310 228 232 1 9 2 123 108 69 97 39 46 17 18 4 7T im e --------------------------------- 1, 363 3. 02 . _ - _ - _ 2 5 27 2 1 16 155 294 219 2 0 0 164 91 74 35 41 1 2 3 4 - - -I n c e n t iv e -------------------------- 368 3. 99 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 3 7 1 2 2 1 6 9 32 28 32 34 24 56 27 43 13 18 4 7

3 5 4. 07 1 3 4 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 4 2

T im e ---------------------------------___________________________________ 1

*i_____ _ 1

1 3. 79 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 4 2 1 2 8 4 2 1 - 2 -

1 T h e P a te r son —C lifto n —P a s s a ic S ta n d a rd M e tr o p o lita n S ta t is t ic a l A rea c o n s is t s o f B e r g e n and P a s s a ic C o u n tie s .2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .3 In c lu d e s 24 w o r k e r s a t $ 1 .6 0 to $ 1 . 6 5 and 7 a t $ 1 .7 0 to $ 1 .7 5 .4 W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 4 a t $ 6 . 80 to $ 7 . 20 and 4 a t $ 8 . 40 to $ 8 . 80.5 W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s f o l lo w s : 6 a t $ 6 . 40 to $ 6 . 80; 6 a t $ 6 . 80 to $ 7 . 20 and 2 a t $ 7 . 20 to $ 7 . 60.6 A l l w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 9 . 20 to $ 9 . 60 .


Tab le 11. Occupational earnings: Philadelphia, P a .—N .J .1

( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f p ro d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m en * s a n d m i s s e s ' c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)

O cc u p a tio n and s e xN u m b er

ofw o r k e r s


ea r n ir g s 2

A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s ______ 1 , 2 0 0 $ 3 . 29W o m e n ________________ __ _ 907 3. 03M en 293 4. 12

S e le c t e d p ro d u c tio no c c u p a t io n s

C u tte r s and m a r k e r s ____ _____ 57 4 .4 1M en ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s )____ 53 4. 38

I n s p e c to r s , f in a l( e x a m in e r s ) - — ____ _____ __ 18 2 .6 3

W o m en ( a ll t im e -w o r k e r s ) _____________ 1 2 2 . 26

M en (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )____ 6 3. 38P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (a ll

m en ) ___ _______ ________ ______ 13 2 .4 7T i m e _____- _____ _______ 1 2 2. 53

P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e —— ---------- 50 5. 73M en — — — ____________ 40 6 . 27

I n c e n t i v e ________________ 39 6 . 31P r e s s e r s , h an d and m a c h in e

(18 m e n and 8 w o m e n )( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____ 26 4. 87

S e w e r s , h an d ( f i n i s h e r s ) _____ 114 2. 97W o m en ________ ____________ 113 2. 94

T im e — _______________ 1 0 2. 37I n c e n t i v e _____ __ ____ 103 3. 00

S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ,s e c t io n s y s t e m — - ------------ 453 3. 31

W o m e n —___ -____ ______ _ 4 4 4 3. 26In c e n tiv e — --------------------- 43 2 3. 27

T h r e a d t r im m e r s ( c le a n e r s )(a l l w o m e n ) __ ____ _______ 17 2 . 2 1

T i m e -------------------------------- 14 1. 90

N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f—$ 1 .60 and

under $ 1.65

$ 1.65

$ 1.70

$ 1.70

$ 1.75

$ 1 .75

$ 1 .80

$ 1 .80

$ 1 .90

$ 1 . 9 0

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 1 0

$ 2 . 1 0

$ 2 . 2 0

$ 2 . 2 0

$ 2 .30

$ 2 .30

$ 2 .40

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .50

$ 2 .50

$ 2 . 6 0

$ 2 .60

$ 2 .80

$ 2 .80

$ 3 .00

$ 3 .00

$ 3 .20

$ 3 .20

$ 3 .40

$ 3 .40

$ 3 .60

$ 3 .6 0

$ 3 .80

$ 3 .80

$ 4 .0 0

$ 4 .0 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .8 0

$ 4 .8 0

$ 5 .2 0

$ 5 .2 0

$ 5 .6 0

$ 5 .6 0

$ 6 . 0 0

$ 6 . 0 0

$ 6 .4 0

$ 6 .4 0

and

25 2 1 0 24 2 1 28 6 8 53 1 0 2 82 43 42 64 52 6 6 57 41 57 60 84 65 46 2 0 27 1 0 512 1 1 1 0 2 0 17 18 58 47 84 77 41 29 56 43 53 49 35 47 51 57 31 2 2 14 13 3 1 04 1 4 4 1 0 1 0 6 18 5 2 13 8 9 13 8 6 1 0 9 27 34 24 6 14 7 3 41

_ _ _ .1 4 1 4 13 23 1 0 1

" - ” ** “ - “ " - - - 1 - 4 1 4 13 23 6 - - - 1

- - - 1 - - - - 8 - 2 1 - 2 1 1 - - - 2 - - - - - -

- - - 1 - - - - 8 - 2 1 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _

" “ ” • - “ “ - “ - 2 1 1 - - - 2 - - - - - -

- - - 1 - 6 - - - - - 3 - 1 _ _ 1 1 _ _- “ “ “ “ 6 - - - - - 3 - 1 - - 1 - . 1 . _ _ _ _ _

2 2 - 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 5 - 4 251 - - 1 - - 2 1 1 1 4 1 4 _ 241 “ “ 1 “ “ 2 1 1 - 4 1 4 24

1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 _ 3 _ . _ 9 3 5 6- - - - - 1 9 13 7 7 4 6 7 6 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 8 4 _ _ 1 1- - - - - 1 9 13 7 7 4 6 7 6 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 8 4 _ _ _ 1- - - - - 1 - - 1 4 - 1 3 - - _ . _ _ > „ _ _“ “ “ - - 9 13 6 3 4 5 4 6 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 8 4 - - - - - 1

1 1 1 4 2 5 5 17 2 1 2 1 27 13 9 39 24 33 34 19 30 31 42 23 1 0 14 9 5 41 1 1 4 2 5 5 17 2 1 2 1 27 13 9 39 24 32 34 19 30 31 41 2 2 1 0 14 9 2 11 1 1 4 2 5 5 17 2 1 2 0 27 1 2 7 39 24 26 34 18 29 31 41 2 2 1 0 14 9 2 1

3 - - - 2 _ 8 - 1 _ - _ _ _ _ 3 _

3 ” " ” 2 “ 8 “ 1

1 T h e P h i la d e lp h ia S ta n d a rd M e tr o p o lita n S ta t is t ic a l A rea c o n s is t s o f B u c k s , C h e s te r , D e la w a r e , M o n tg o m e r y , and P h ila d e lp h ia C o u n tie s , P e n n sy lv a n ia ; and B u rlin g to n , C am den, and G lo u c e s te r C o u n tie s , N ew J e r s e y .

2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p ay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and la te s h if t s .3 W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo l lo w s : 14 a t $ 6 .4 0 to $ 6 .8 0 ; 12 a t $ 6 .8 0 to $ 7 .2 0 ; 5 a t $ 7 . 2 0 to $ 7 .6 0 ; and 10 a t $ 7 .6 0 to $ 8 .4 W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 2 at $ 6 .4 0 to $ 6 .8 0 ; 8 a t $ 6 .8 0 to $ 7 .2 0 ; 5 a t $ 7 .2 0 to $ 7 .6 0 ; and 10 a t $ 7 .6 0 to $ 8 .5 A l l w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 7 . 6 0 to $ 8 .


T ab le 12. O ccupational earnings: S an Francisco—Oakland, C a lif.1

(N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p ro d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w om en* s a n d m is s e s * c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A u g u s t 1970)

N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f—

O cc u p a tio n and s e xN u m b e r

o fw o r k e r s


e a r n in g s 1 2 3

$ 1 .6 5 and

u n d er $ 1 .70

$ 1 .7 0

$ 1 /7 5

$ 1 .7 5

$ 1 .8 0

$ 1 .8 0

$ 1 .8 5

$ 1.85

$ 1 .9 0

$ 1 .9 0

$ 1 .9 5

$ 1 .9 5

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 0 0

$ 2 . 1 0

$ 2 . 1 0

$ 2 . 2 0

$ 2 . 2 0

$ 2 .3 0

$ 2 .3 0

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .4 0

$ 2 .5 0

$ 2 .5 0

$ 2 . 6 0

$ 2 .60

$ 2 . 70

$ 2 .7 0

$ 2 .8 0

$ 2 .8 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .0 0

$ 3 .2 0

$ 3 .2 0

$ 3 .4 0

$ 3 .4 0

$ 3 .6 0

$ 3 .6 0

$ 3 .8 0

$ 3 .8 0

$ 4 .0 0

$ 4 .0 0

$ 4 .2 0

$ 4 .2 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .4 0

$ 4 .6 0

$ 4 .6 0

$ 4 .8 0

$ 4 .8 0

ando v e r

A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s — ----- 4 8 9 $ 2 . 90 '30 . 1 2 3 8 . 5 33 26 32 2 2 2 0 35 19 1 6 54 29 2 0 2 2 23 6 24 2 2 8 4 16W o m e n ----------------------------—— 411 2 . 82 30 - 1 2 3 8 - 5 26 2 6 2 6 2 2 16 29 19 11 48 2 0 18 2 2 19 4 1 2 15 8 2 1 0M e n --------------------------------------- 78 3. 34 - - - - " - - 7 - 6 - 4 6 - 5 6 9 2 - 4 2 1 2 7 - 2 6

S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio no c c u p a t io n s

C u tte r s and m a r k e r s ------------- 30 4 . 05 1 3 2 2 11 6 2 3M en (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ------ 2 8 4 . 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ 2 2 11 6 2 3

I n s p e c to r s , f in a l( e x a m i n e r s ) -------------------------- 17 2. 34 4 - - - 3 - - _ _ _ _ 2 _ 2 _ 3 _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

W o m e n --------------------------------- 14 2 .4 0 4 - - - 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 2 _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _T i m e ------------------------------ 1 0 2 . 70 _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 2 _ _ 3 _ _ _

P r e s s e r s , han d ---------------------- 30 3. 13 - - 2 - - - - 3 1 3 _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 2 4 1 _ 2W o m en (a ll in c e n t iv e

w o r k e r s ) -------------------------- 27 3. 16 - - 2 - - - - 3 1 3 _ _ 3 _ _ 5 _ _ _ 1 _ 2 4 1 _ 2P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e --------—..— 14 4 . 92 1 2 1 2 2 34

W o m en (a ll in c e n t iv ew o r k e r s ) -------------------------- 13 4 . 82 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 _ 3

S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ,s in g le h a n d ( ta i lo r ) s y s t e m(a ll w o m en ) (a ll in c e n t iv ew o r k e r s ) -------------------------------- 173 2 . 6 1 2 0 " 1 0 2 2 - 4 9 6 6 9 7 19 7 8 2 6 11 7 3 3 6 4 2 2 -

1 T h e S an F r a n c is c o —O a k la n d S ta n d a rd M e tr o p o lita n S ta t is ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f A la m ed a , C on tra C o s ta , M a r in , San F r a n c is c o , and S an M ateo C o u n tie s .2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .3 W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo l lo w s : 1 a t $ 6 to $ 6 .2 0 ; at $ 7 .4 0 to $ 7 .6 0 ; and 1 at $ 8 .6 0 to $ 8 .8 0 .


T a b le 13 . M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t

( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w om en* s a n d m is s e s * c o a t a n d s u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t , 1 8 s e le c te da r e a s , A u g u s t 1970)

M e t h o d of w a g e p a y m e n t 1 C h i c a g oK a n s a s

C i t y

L o sA n g e l e s -

L o n gB e a c h

N e w Y o r kN e w a r k

andJ e r s e y

C i t y

P a t e r s o n —C l i f t o n —P a s s i a c

P h i l a d e l p h i a

Sa nF r a n c i s c o —

O a k l a n dA l l

s h o p sR e g u l a r

s h o p s 2C o n t r a c t

s h o p s

A l l w o r k e r s ________ _____ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

T i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s ------------------------- 38 34 37 59 82 5 2 70 81 37 23F o r m a l p l a n s — _____________ 38 34 15 5 12 3 _ - 19 19

S i n g l e r a t e ------------------------------- - - 10 4 8 3 - - 19 14R a n g e of r a t e s ----------------------- 38 34 5 1 4 - - _ _ 4

I n d i v i d u a l r a t e s ---------------------------- " 22 54 70 49 70 81 19 5

I n c e n ti v e w o r k e r s _______________ 62 66 63 41 18 48 30 19 63 77I n d i v i d u a l p i e c e w o r k _________ 49 66 63 37 15 44 30 17 58 75G r o u p p i e c e w o r k ______________ 2 “ “ 4 3 4 2 5 1

1 F o r d e f in i t i o n of m e t h o d of w a g e p a y m e n t , s e e a p p e n d i x A .2 In c l u d e s jo b b i n g s h o p s p e r f o r m i n g s o m e m a n u f a c t u r i n g o p e r a t i o n s , in a d d i t io n to r e g u l a r (i n s i d e ) s h o p s .

N O T E : B e c a u s e of ro u n d i n g , s u m s of i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s .

T a b le 14 . S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs

( P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in w o m e n * s and m i s s e s ' c o a t and s u i t m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s , 1 8 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u s t 1970)

W e e k l y h o u r s 1 C h i c a g oK a n s a s

C i t y

L o sA n g e l e s -

L o n gB e a c h

N e w Y o r kN e w a r k

andJ e r s e y

C i t y

P a t e r s o n — C l i f t o n — P a s s i a c

P h i l a d e l p h i a

SanF r a n c i s c o —

O a k l a n dA l l

s h o p sR e g u l a r

s h o p s 2C o n t r a c t

s h o p s

A l l w o r k e r s __ — _______ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

U n d e r 35 h o u r s — ----- ----------- - 335 h o u r s _____ _________ — 100 100 86 97 91 99 89 100 96 853 7 V2 h o u r s -------- _ -------------- — - - - 1 (3 ) 1 _ _ _40 h o u r s -------------------- ------- — “ 14 2 9 1 8 “ 4 15

1 D a t a r e l a t e to p r e d o m i n a n t w o r k s c h e d u l e o f f u l l - t i m e d a y - s h i f t w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t .2 I n c l u d e s jo b b in g s h o p s p e r f o r m i n g s o m e m a n u f a c t u r i n g o p e r a t i o n s , in a d d i t io n to r e g u l a r (i n si d e) s h o p s .3 L e s s th an 0 . 5 p e r c e n t .

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y no t e q u a l t o t a l s .


T ab le 15. Paid holidays

( P a id h o l id a y p r o v is io n s 1 f o r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y I n te r n a t i o n a l L a d i e s ' G a r m e n t W o r k e r s ' U n io n c o n t r a c t s in w o m e n 's an d m i s s e s ' c o a t an ds u i t m a n u f a c tu r in g e s ta b l i s h m e n t s , 8 s e le c te d a r e a s , A u g u s t 1970)

N u m b e r of h o l i d a y s M e t h o d o f c o m p u t i n g p a y

C h i c a g o - 6 d a y s a n n u a l l y ; o n e - h a l f d a y 's p a y g u a r a n t e e d , t h r e e - f o u r t h s d a y ' s pay f o r t h o s e w o r k i n g 3 d a y s in the h o l i d a y w e e k , and f u l l p a y f o r t h o s e w o r k i n g 4 d a y s .

T i m e w o r k e r s p a i d t h e i r r e g u l a r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an i n c e n t i v e b a s i s w e r e p a i d 7 t i m e s t h e i r a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s d u r i n g the 20 w e e k s en d i n g in the f i r s t w e e k of the p r e v i o u s J une .

K a n s a s C i t y —

L o s A n g e l e s — L o n g B e a c h -

N e w a r k and J e r s e y C i t y -

P a t e r son— Cl i f to n — P a s s a i c -

P h i l a d e l p h i a -

Sa n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d —

7 d a y s a n n u a l l y







T i m e w o r k e r s p a i d t h e i r r e g u l a r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an i n c e n t i v e b a s i s w e r e p a i d 7 t i m e s t h e i r a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s d u r i n g the y e a r en d i n g the p r e v i o u s M a r c h 31.

T i m e w o r k e r s p a i d t h e i r r e g u l a r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an i n c e n t i v e b a s i s w e r e p a i d a m o u n t s r a n g i n g f r o m $ 1 7 to $ 2 0 , a c c o r d i n g to c r a f t .

T i m e w o r k e r s p a i d t h e i r r e g u l a r r a t e s ; t h o s e on t i v e b a s i s w e r e p a i d a m o u n t s r a n g i n g f r o m $ 2 3 . 5 0 , a c c o r d i n g to c r a f t .

an i n c e n - $16. 75 to

T i m e w o r k e r s p a i d t h e i r t i v e b a s i s w e r e p a i d $ 2 3 . 5 0 , a c c o r d i n g to

r e g u l a r r a t e s ; t h o s e on a m o u n t s r a n g i n g f r o m

c r a f t .

an i n c e n - $16. 75 to

T i m e w o r k e r s p a i d t h e i r r e g u l a r , r a t e s ; t h o s e on t i v e b a s i s w e r e p a i d a m o u n t s r a n g i n g f r o m $ 2 3 . 5 0 , a c c o r d i n g to c r a f t .

an i n c e n - $16. 75 to

7 t i m e s w o r k e r s ' a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s . In s o m e s h o p s , i n c e n t i v e w o r k e r s w e r e p a i d a m o u n t s p e r d a y r a n g i n g f r o m $ 1 6 . 7 5 to $ 2 3 . 50, a c c o r d i n g to c r a f t .

T i m e w o r k e r s p a i d t h e i r r e g u l a r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an i n c e n t i v e b a s i s w e r e p a i d a m o u n t s r a n g i n g f r o m $16 to $19* a c c o r d i n g to c r a f t .

In a f e w sh o p s in C h i c a g o p r o v i s i o n s d i f f e r e d s l i g h t l y f r o m t h o s e sh o w n .


T a b le 16. Health, welfare, and vacation benefits

( H e a l t h , w e l f a r e , an d v a c a t i o n b e n e f i t s p r o v i s i o n s 1 f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y I n t e r n a t i o n a l L a d i e s ' G a r m e n t W o r k e r s ' U n i o n c o n t r a c t s in w o m e n ' s and m i s s e s ' c o a t and s u i t m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , 8 s e l e c t e d , a r e a s , A u g u s t 1970)

E m p l o y e r s c o n t r i b u ti o n 2

H e a l t h and w e l f a r e b e n e f i t s V a c a t i o n b e n e f i t s 3

C h i c a g o — 3 p e r c e n t 4

K a n s a s C i t y ---------------------------

L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h -

N e w Y o r k --------------- ---------------

3 V2 p e r c e n t ----

7 V2 p e r c e n t ----

7 p e r c e n t ------

N e w a r k and J e r s e y C i t y - 7 p e r c e n t

P a t e r s o n —C l i f t o n —P a s s a i c • 7 p e r c e n t

P h i l a d e l p h i a --------- 7 p e r c e n t

S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d - 8 V4 p e r c e n t -

H o s p i ta l , s u r g i c a l , m a t e r n i t y , d i s a b i l i t y , e y e g l a s s , and d e a t h b e n e f i t s ; a l s o f r e e m e d i c a l c a r e f o r u ni on m e m b e r s at u ni on h e a l t h c e n t e r .

■ Hospital, s u r g i c a l , m a j o r m e d i c a l , m a t e r n i t y , d i s a b i l i t y , and d e a t h b e n e f i t s , and r e i m b u r s e m e n t of d o c t o r ' s f e e s ; a l s o , f r e e m e d i c a l c a r e f o r un ion m e m b e r s at u n i on h e a l t h c e n t e r .

•H o s p i t a l , s u r g i c a l , c l i n i c a l , d i s a b i l i t y , m a t e r n i t y , e y e g l a s s , and d e a t h b e n e f i t s .

H o s p i t a l , s u r g i c a l , m a j o r m e d i c a l , d i s a b i l i t y , m a t e r n i t yand p a t e r n i t y , e y e g l a s s , d e a t h b e n e f i t s , and u ni on h e a l t h c e n t e r s e r v i c e s .



H o s p i t a l , m e d i c a l , s u r g i c a l , m a j o r m e d i c a l , d i s a b i l i t y , m a t e r n i t y an d p a t e r n i t y , c l i n i c a l , e y e g l a s s , and d e a t h b e n e f i t s .

M e d i c a l , h o s p i t a l , s u r g i c a l , g l a s s , an d d e a t h b e n e f i t s .

m a t e r n i t y , d i s a b i l i t y , e y e -

1 w e e k ' s p a y a f t e r 1 y e a r and 2 w e e k s a f t e r 2 y e a r s — 35 t i m e s a w o r k e r ' s a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s d u ri n g the 2 0 w e e k s en d i n g t he f i r s t w e e k of the p r e v i o u s Jun e, if e m p l o y e d at l e a s t 1 y e a r ; V4 w e e k f o r e a c h q u a r t e r y e a r w o r k e d , i f e m p l o y e d 6 m o n t h s but l e s s th a n 1 y e a r .

1 w e e k ' s p a y a f t e r 1 y e a r , 2 w e e k s a f t e r 3 y e a r s , and 3 w e e k s a f t e r 5 y e a r s . B e n e f i t s p r o r a t e d f o r w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d o v e r 6 m o n t h s a s of the p r e v i o u s A p r i l 1, a c c o r d i n g to th e n u m b e r of m o n t h s of e m p l o y m e n t . B e n e f i t s w e r e b a s e d on w o r k e r ' s a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s in the y e a r e n d i n g the p r e v i o u s M a r c h 31.

4 p e r c e n t of a w o r k e r ' s e a r n i n g s in the p r e v i o u s c a l e n d a r y e a r .

A p r i l p a y m e n t — 2 p e r c e n t of e a r n i n g s in th e p r e v i o u s c a l e n d a r y e a r up to a m a x i m u m of $ 1 2 5 . S e p t e m b e r p a y m e n t , a f l a t $ 7 0 .

A p r i l p a y m e n t — 2 p e r c e n t of e a r n i n g s in th e p r e v i o u s c a l e n d a r y e a r up to a m a x i m u m of $ 1 2 5 . S e p t e m b e r p a y m e n t , a f l a t $ 7 0 .

A p r i l p a y m e n t — 2 p e r c e n t of e a r n i n g s in the p r e v i o u s c a l e n d a r y e a r up to a m a x i m u m of $ 1 2 5 . S e p t e m b e r p a y m e n t , a f l a t $ 7 0 .

F i r s t p a y m e n t — 2 p e r c e n t of e a r n i n g s in the p r e v i o u s c a l e n d a r y e a r up t o a m a x i m u m of $ 1 2 5 , S e c o n d p a y m e n t , a f l a t $ 7 0 .

4 p e r c e n t an d 6 p e r c e n t of p r e v i o u s y e a r ' s e a r n i n g s to w o r k e r s w i t h l e s s t h a n 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e and w i th 5 y e a r s o r m o r e of s e r v i c e , r e s p e c t i v e l y .

In a f e w s h o p s in C h i c a g o p r o v i s i o n s d i f f e r e d s l i g h t l y f r o m t h o s e sh o wn .2 E m p l o y e r s c o n t r i b u t i o n s to t h e h e al t h , w e l f a r e , an d v a c a t i o n fund w e r e b a s e d on p a y r o l l s f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y u n i on a g r e e m e n t s .3 V a c a t i o n b e n e f i t s pa i d f r o m un ion fund in a l l a r e a s e x c e p t C h i c a g o and K a n s a s C i t y w h e r e v a c a t i o n p a y m e n t s w e r e m a d e b y e m p l o y e r s d i r e c t l y to th e w o r k e r s .4 E m p l o y e r s c o n t r i b u t e d 2 p e r c e n t of w e e k l y p a y r o l l s f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y t he a g r e e m e n t s t o a h e a l t h fund. A n a d d i t i o n a l 1 p e r c e n t o f p a y r o l l s fo r c o v e r e d w o r k e r s

w a s c o n t r i b u t e d t o a h e a l t h c e n t e r fund.5 In on e sh o p , 8 V2 p e r c e n t w a s c o n t r i b u t e d an d w o r k e r s r e c e i v e d 1, 2, o r 3 a n n u a l p a y m e n t s a f t e r 1, 2, o r 5 y e a r s of s e r v i c e , r e s p e c t i v e l y . E a c h p a y m e n t w a s eq u al

to 2 p e r c e n t of t h e p r e v i o u s y e a r ' s e a r n i n g s r a n g i n g f r o m a $ 1 0 m i n i m u m t o an $ 8 5 m a x i m u m .


T ab le 17. R e tirem en t plans

( R e t i r e m e n t p r o v i s i o n s 1 f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y I n t e r n a t i o n a l L a d i e s ' G a r m e n t W o r k e r s ' U ni on c o n t r a c t s in w o m e n ' s an d m i s s e s ' c o a t an d s u i t m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , 8 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u s t 1970)

C h i c a g o —

K a n s a s C i t y —

L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h -

N e w Y o r k —

N e w a r k a nd J e r s e y C i t y -

P a t e r s on^-Clif ton—P a s s a i c -

P h i l a d e l p h i a —

S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d —

$ 7 5 a m o n t h to q u a l i f i e d

B e n e f i t s to q u a l i f i e d w o r k e r s 3



a f t e r a g e 65; t o t a l l y d i s a b l e d w o r k e r s , a t a n y a g e ; w o r k e r s ; l u m p - s u m $ 5 0 0 d e a t h b e n e f i t .



a f t e r a g e 65; t o t a l l y d i s a b l e d w o r k e r s , a t a n y a g e; w o r k e r s ; l u m p - s u m $ 5 0 0 d e a t h b e n e f i t .





r e d u c e d b e n e f i t s f o r








e a r l i e r

e a r l i e r

e a r l i e r

e a r l i e r

e a r l i e r

e a r l i e r

e a r l i e r

e a r l i e r

r e t i r e m e n t

r e t i r e m e n t

r e t i r e m e n t

r e t i r e m e n t

r e t i r e m e n t

r e t i r e m e n t

r e t i r e m e n t

r e t i r e m e n t

In a f e w s h o p s in C h i c a g o p r o v i s i o n s d i f f e r e d s l i g h t l y f r o m t h o s e sho wn .E m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s to r e t i r e m e n t fund w e r e b a s e d on p a y r o l l s f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y un ion a g r e e m e n t s . O t h e r t h a n b e n e f i t s a v a i l a b l e u nd er F e d e r a l o l d - a g e , s u r v i v o r s , an d d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e .


A p p e n d ix A . S c o p e and M eth o d o f S u rv e y

Scope of survey

The survey included establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing women’s, misses’, and juniors’ suits and coats, except fur coats and raincoats (part of industry 2337 as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1967, U.S. Office of Management and Budget). Shops making tailored pantsuits and coats of manmade fur (a textile product) and contract shops producing single skirts for suit manufacturers or for suit jobbers were included in the study, but regular (inside) shops and jobbing shops primarily engaged in producing single skirts and contract shops working on skirts for such establishments were excluded. The jobbing shops included in the study were limited to those which perform some manufacturing operation such as cutting, finishing, packing or shipping.

The establishments studied were selected from those employing four workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists.

The number of establishments and workers actually studied by the Bureau, as well as the number estimated

to be within scope of the survey during the payroll period studied, are shown in table A-l.

Method of study

Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field staff. The survey was conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments were given their appropriate weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data.

Establishment definition

An establishment, for purposes of this study, is defined as a single physical location where industrial operations are performed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with the company, which may consist of one or more establishments. The terms “establishment” and “shop” have been used interchangeably in this bulletin.

Table A -1 . Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope of women's and misses' industry survey and number studied, 8 selected areas, August 1970

coat and suit

A rea1

Number of establishments2 Workers in establishments

Within scope of

studyActuallystudied

Within scope of study

Actuallystudied

T o ta l3Production

workers T o ta l3

T otal ............................................... .................... 1,072 277 39 ,290 33 ,630 15,212

Chicago ......................................................... .............. 15 10 811 712 717Kansas City ...................................................... ............. 9 7 1,839 1,585 1,698Los Angeles—Long Beach ........................... ............. 81 24 2,527 2,162 938New Y o r k ............................................................ ............. 735 147 22,973 18,940 5,693

Regular shops 4 ............................................ ............. 318 59 7,603 4,596 1,821Contract s h o p s ........................................... ............. 417 88 15,370 14,344 3,872

Newark and Jersey City ........................... ............. 122 39 5,402 5,004 2,603Paterson—C lifton—Passaic ........................... ............. 72 31 3,802 3,538 2,099Philadephia ......................................................... ............. 24 12 1,324 1,200 1,022San Francisco—Oakland .............................. ............. 14 7 612 489 442

1 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (formerly U.S. Bureau of the daet) through January 1968 (see individual area tables for counties included in the 8 areas).

Includes only shops with 4 workers or more at the tim e of reference of the universe data.Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers in addition to production workers.Includes jobbing shops performing some manufacturing operations, in addition to regular (inside) shops.

21


Employment

The estimates of the number of workers within scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The advance planning necessary to make a wage survey requires the use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied.

Production workers

The term “production workers,” as used in this bulletin, includes working foremen and all nonsuper- visory workers engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, and professional personnel and force- account construction employees who were utilized as a separate work force on the firm’s own properties were excluded.

Occupations selected for study

The occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The occupations were chosen for their numerical importance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their representativeness of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the data for the selected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers.

Wage data

The wage information relates to average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living bonuses were included as part of the worker’s regular pay; but nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded.

Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other group of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers re

ceiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal rather than actual hours.

Method of wage payment

Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various time and incentive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are determined primarily with reference to the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. Individual experienced workers occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate, for special reasons, but such payments are regarded as exceptions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum and/or maximum rates paid experienced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of various concepts of merit and length of service. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are based on production in excess of a quota or for completion of a job in less than standard time.

Scheduled weekly hours

Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift, regardless of sex.

Supplementary benefits

Supplementary benefits are presented in terms of the provisions of collective bargaining agreements with the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, which were in effect in establishments employing over nine- tenths of the workers in the eight areas.

22


A p p e n d ix B. O c c u p a t io n a l D e sc r ip t io n s

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

Cutter and marker

Marks the outlines of various garment parts on a ply of fabrics and cuts out parts with shears, hand knife, or powered cutting machine. May spread or lay up cloth on cutting table. Workers who specialize in cutting or in marking and workers engaged in marking and cutting linings and trimmings are included.

Specialized markers using perforated patterns, and marking by use of talcum, are excluded as are all workers who specialize in spreading cloth.

Inspector, final (examiner)

Examines and inspects completed garments prior to pressing or shipping. Work involves determining whether the garments conform to shop standards of quality, and marking defects such as dropped stitches, bad seams, etc. May make minor repairs. In many shops manufacturing inexpensive garments, there will be no inspectors falling within this classification; and in those shops, whatever inspection is carried on is usually performed by thread trimmers, who may only casually inspect garments and are, therefore, excluded.

Packer, shipping

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various

items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.

Presser

Performs pressing operations (finish or under) on garments or garment parts by means of a handpressing iron and/or powered press or mangle.

For wage study purposes, pressers are classified by type of pressing equipment, as follows:

Presser, handPresser, machinePresser, hand and machine

Workers are classified as “pressers, hand and machine” when sizable proportions of their work are performed by each of the two methods. Otherwise, the predominant type of pressing is the determining factor in classification.

Sewer, hand (finisher)

(Bench worker)

Performs sewing operations by hand including sewing on buttons, making buttonholes, stitching edges, closing openings that have been left by various hand and machine operations. Workers who specialize in sewing tickets or labels are excluded.

23


Sewing-machine operator, section system

Uses a standard or special purpose sewing machine to perform the sewing operations required in making parts of garments, joining parts made by others, joining various sections together, or in attaching previously completed parts to partially completed garments, but does not construct the entire garment. In shops that operate entirely on a section (or bundle) system, this classification would include all sewing-machine operators (except buttonhole makers, button sewers, and lining sewers), without any differentiation of operators by type of of machine or operation performed. In shops that operate partly on a section system, this classification would include all operators who do not construct an entire garment.

Sewing-machine operator, singlehand (tailor) system

Performs all the standard sewing-machine operations involved in the manufacture of a complete garment.

Work involves assembling and joining all parts of the garment except those added by finishers. Is usually an experienced operator working on better grade apparel in which the variety of design is so great and style changes so frequent as to prevent the economical use of a section system.

Workers, employed in singlehand system shops, who pair-up and work as a team and divide work tickets equally are included. This arrangement is informal, in contrast to the section system in which rates are established for individual operations.

Thread trimmer (cleaner)

(Clipper)

Trims loose thread ends, basting threads, and seam edges of garments with scissors prior to pressing or packing. Workers who also carefully examine and inspect garments are classified as inspectors, final.

24Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Industry W a g e S tu d ie s

The most recent reports for industries included in the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys since January 1960 are listed below. Copies are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, or any of its regional sales offices, and from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C., 20212, or from any of its regional offices shown on the inside back cover.

I. Occupational Wage Studies

Manufacturing

PriceBasic Iron and Steel, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1602 ......................................................................................................... $0.55Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1520 .............................................................................. 30Cigar Manufacturing, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1581 ....................................................................................................... .25Cigarette Manufacturing, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1472 .......................................................................................................... 20Cotton and Man-Made Fiber Textiles, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1637 .......................................................................... 1.00

Fabricated Structural Steel, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 .............................................. ....................................................... 50Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1 5 3 1 .......................................................................................................... 30Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1576 ............................................................................. .25Fluid Milk Industry, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1464 ................................................................................................................... 30Footwear, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1634 .......................................................................................................................... .75Hosiery, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1562 .......................................................................................................................................70

Industrial Chemicals, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1529 ....................................................................................................... .40Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1626 ................................................................................................ 1.00Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1618 ..................................................................................... .55Machinery Manufacturing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1664 .............................................................................................. .65Meat Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1677 .................................................................................................................. 1.00Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1659 ..................................... .65Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1594 ................................................................................... .75Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1690 ............................................................................................... 60Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1679 ...................................................................... .75

Nonferrous Foundries, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1498 ..................................................................................................... .40Paints and Varnishes, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1524 ....................................................................................................... .40Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1478 ................................................................................. .70Petroleum Refining, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1526 ......................................................................................................... .30Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 3 ........................................................................... .50Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1608 ................................................................................. .60

Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 ............................................................................. .50Structural Clay Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1697 ................................................................................................ .65Synthetic Fibers, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1540 ........................................................................................................................30Synthetic Textiles, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1509 ..................................................................................................................... 40Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1965—66. BLS Bulletin 1527 ........................................................................................... 45West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704..................................................................................................... .45

Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1508.......................................................................................25Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1649 .................................................................................................... 45Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1651 .................................................................60Wool Textiles, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1551 ............................................................................................................................ 45Work Clothing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1624 ............................................................................................................................ 50


I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued

Nonmanufacturing

PriceAuto Dealer Repair Shops, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 .............................................................................................. $0.50Banking, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1703 ....................................................................................................................................... 65Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 ...........................................................................................................50Communications, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1662 ........................................................................................................................30Contract Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1644 ............. *.......................................................................................55Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1566 ........................................................................30Eating and Drinking Places, 1966-67. BLS Bulletin 1588 ................................................................................................40Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968—69. BLS Bulletin 1671........................................................ 50Electric and Gas Utilities, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1 614 ............... ...........................................................................................70Hospitals, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1688 .......................................................................................................................... 1.00Hotels and Motels, 1966—67. BLS Bulletin 1587 ............................................................................................................... 40Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1645 ................................................................................................75Life Insurance, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1569 ............................................................................................................................ 30Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 ...........................................................................................................35Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1967—68. BLS Bulletin 1638 ...............................................................................75

II. Other Industry Wage Studies

Employee Earnings and Hours in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the South and North CentralRegions, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1552 ..................................................................................................................................... 50

Employee Earnings and Hours in Eight Metropolitan Areas of the South, 1965.BLS Bulletin 1533 ...............................................................................................................................................................40

Employee Earnings and Hours in Retail Trades, June 1966—Retail Trade (Overall Summary). BLS Bulletin 1584 ............................................................................................ 1.00Building Materials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers. BLS Bulletin 1584-1 .................................................... 30General Merchandise Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-2 ...........................................................................................................55Food Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-3 .................................................................................................................................... 60Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations. BLS Bulletin 1584-4 ............................................ ............. .50Apparel and Accessory Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-5 ...................................................................................................... 55Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-6 ................................... .50Miscellaneous Retail Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-7 ...........................................................................................................65

☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1972 O - 484-789 (63)


B U R E A U O F LA B O R S T A T IS T IC S

R E G IO N A L O FFIC E S

CZ7-PUERTO RICO

Region I1603-JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617

Region II341 Ninth Ave., Rm. 1025New York, N .Y . 10001Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)

Region II I406 Penn Square Building 1317 Filbert St.Philadelphia, Pa. 19107Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215)

Region IV Suite 5401371 Peachtree St. NE.Atlanta, Ga. 30309Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)

Region V8th Floor, 300 South Wacker DriveChicago, III, 60606Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312)

Region V I1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7Dallas, Tex. 75202Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)

Regions V I I and V I I IFederal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 10th Floor Kansas C ity, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)

Regions IX and X450 Golden Gate Ave.Box 36017San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: 5 5 6 ^ 6 7 8 (Area Code 415)

Regions V I I and V I I I will be serviced by Kansas City. Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco.
